换热器动态过程中的定常输出

为了使换热器在动态过程中保持目标出口参数的恒定，从整体系统考虑建立了换热器动态过程的数学模型，采用I．aplace变换及其逆变换推导了换热器出口温度响应的分析解，并在一个或者多个进口参数阶跃变化的情况下，推导了两股流换热器和多股流换热器的调节方法．结果表明：在动态过程中，通过对换热器进口参数的调节可以精确地控制换热器出口参数，保证换热器的稳定和安全运行．     

多股流换热器动态过程场协同分析

建立了多股流板翅式换热器动态数学模型,通过换热器入口温度及流量阶跃的改变,模拟过渡过程中温度场的动态响应,利用温差场均匀性因子对多股流换热器过渡过程动态特性进行了评价,通过分析内部温度场与速度场的协同关系,揭示温差场在动态过程中的变化特征.将温差场均匀性因子与过渡时间结合,建立了自组织能力系数,并对多股流换热器控制品质进行了分析.多股流换热器在流量阶跃时,温差场均匀性因子平缓迁移,而温度阶跃时变化剧烈且存有极值.多股流换热器自组织系数越大,越易达到新的热平衡.     

预测多股流板翅式换热器动态特性的网络法

提出了一种基于两股流换热器网络动态特性预测多股流换器动态性能的网络法。经与实验对比，表明这是一种简便，正确描述多股流换热器动态性能的方法。     

多股流板翅式换热器温度交叉的数值分析

以平行多股流板翅式换热器为研究对象，给出了考虑翅片旁通作用的多股流板翅式换热器流体和翅片的能量方程。在改变多股流板翅式换热器各通道的流体参数、流动方式及换热器的结构参数等情况下，对能量方程进行数值求解，获得了各通道的流体温度分布情况及相邻通道的流体温度差，并分析了流体参数、流动方式和结构参数的变化对相邻通道流体温度交叉的影响。     

一种多股流换热器综合性能优化设计方法

在综合考虑了体积、重量和阻力等因素的基础上，对多股流换热器进行通道排列和优化设计，并运用无量纲分析法，自定义了syn因子、syn线等用以评价换热器综合性能的指标。详细分析了应用syn因子综合优化翅片结构的过程，与实际的设计结果比较表明：该方法适用于多股流换热器的综合性能优化设计。     

多股流换热器的数学建模与精确数学控制

本文以平行流多股流换热器为研究对象,考虑了多股流换热器在换热过程中存在的多种影响因素,根据其复杂的传热机理建立了数学模型,并通过数值计算,获得了准确的结果.该模型的建立为多股流换热器的精确数学控制奠定了理论基础,同时为多股流换热器的性能分析,结构优化及运行优化提供了理论依据.     

自组织能力对多股流换热器运行和控制影响的研究

在考虑多场（如温度场，温差场和速度场等）相互作用和相互影响的基础上，对多股流换热器从一个稳态过渡到另一个稳态的自组织能力进行了分析。目标流体出口温度的响应时间和敏感性，在温度控制系统中是很重要的两个参数，因此本文分析了评估上述指标的多股流换热器自组织能力及其对控制和运行的影响。     

管壳式换热器动态特性分析

针对液相不可压缩流体工质在管壳式换热器进行热交换的情况，以控制微元体的质量守恒方程，能量守恒方程，动量守恒方程及状态方程为基础，采用流量温度参数过程离技术，建立了不同通道动态特性的分布参数表达式。分别对这些微分方程组执行时间和空间拉普拉斯变换之后，可以获得以传递函数形式表示的壳式换热器输入－输出的数学模型。     

多孔介质层内同轴管式井下换热器的相似解

对多孔介质层内同轴管式井下换热器的自然对流传热过程进行了数值模拟。通过对井下换热器分段并依次在局部采用对流相似解法对其周围遵循Ｄａｒｃｙ定律的多孔介质层内自然对流过程进行了近似求解，得到了有关多孔介质层物性参数对井下换热器热输出影响的规律。     

各类表面式换热器之单相或双相动态过程的非线性模拟

采用去耦算法和引入表面式换热器壁温的替代函数,有可能借助计算机和一个单元结构的换热器模型,对动态过程作快速和非线性模拟。这种方法不仅实际上能成功地模拟各类表面换热器的状态跃度,而且还可模拟其它复杂换热元件(如锅炉)的上述变化。选取换热流体的焓作为描述系统状态的独立变量,由此得出流体的温度、含汽量及壁温。     

连续螺旋折流板换热器动态特性的数值预测和分析

应用有限差分法对以水、油为换热工质的连续螺旋折流板换热器的动态特性进行了数值预测,提出了适用于单壳程多管程换热器的顺流、逆流串联的概念,并通过试验数据进行了校核,证明了计算模型的合理性.同时研究了壳侧流体纵向扩散效应、换热器管壁轴向导热性能及其热容等参数对换热器动态特性的影响规律,为壳管式换热器动态特性的相关研究提供了依据.     

Heat exchanger optimization for geothermal district heating systems: A fuel saving approach

One of the most commonly used heating devices in geothermal systems is the heat exchanger. The output conditions of heat exchangers are based on several parameters. The heat transfer area is one of the most important parameters for heat exchangers in terms of economics. Although there are a lot of methods to optimize heat exchangers, the method described here is a fairly easy approach. In this paper, a counter flow heat exchanger of geothermal district heating system is considered and optimum design values, which provide maximum annual net profit, for the considered heating system are found according to fuel savings. Performance of the heat exchanger is also calculated. In the analysis, since some values are affected by local conditions, Turkey's conditions are considered.     

基于AspenTech的分馏塔用能优化及换热网络夹点分析

炼油工艺过程中,分馏系统的用能优化是换热网络能量优化的必然要求。以荆门石化3．5Mt／a常减压蒸馏装置为例,利用AspenP1us和AsDenEnergyAnalyzer软件,对常压塔以及换热网络的用能情况进行分析,提出能量优化利用思路：变工况条件下．首先优化分馏系统操作参数,再以此为条件,优化换热网络结构,才能实现整个网络的能量优化。利用AspenPIus软件的模型分析功能,确定了常压塔底汽提蒸汽、常压炉出口温度、中段回流以及侧线的最佳操作参数,为换热网络的夹点分析提供基础数据;在分馏塔操作优化基础上,对现有换热网络进行夹点分析,找出最优夹点温差,求得现有换热网络最高理论换热终温（317．7℃）,为进一步优化换热网络提出了目标;通过建立现有换热网络的网格图,找出跨夹点换热的换热器（总共有5台）,为换热网络的改进提供了方向。     

Thermal modeling of controlled atmosphere brazing process using virtual reality technology

In the automotive industry, heat exchangers are manufactured in large quantities. The controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) process is one of the fastest growing processes for aluminum radiator production behind vacuum brazing and machine assembly process. In this paper, we describe a thermal model (HETCAB) to predict the transient temperature distribution in an aluminum heat exchanger while it is being brazed in a CAB furnace. This thermal model is simulated using a virtual CAB (VR CAB) furnace created using virtual reality technology. Within this VR CAB furnace, engineers can “walk” through the furnace, observe the dynamic heat exchange, manipulate the products inside the furnace, and test various parameters critical to the process. The VR CAB together with the thermal model provides a realistically simulated environment that enables engineers to control and improve the heat exchange processes, experiment with design parameters, and study the effects of various process parameters including the parameters that control product yield.     

Transient response of plate heat exchangers considering effect of flow maldistribution

Plate heat exchangers have been playing important role in the power and process industries in the recent past. Hence, it is important to develop simulation strategies for plate heat exchangers accurately. This analysis represents the dynamic behaviour of the single pass plate heat exchangers, considering flow maldistribution from port to channel. In addition to maldistribution the fluid axial dispersion is used to characterise the back mixing and other deviations from plug flow. Due to unequal distribution of the fluid, the velocity of the fluid varies from channel to channel and hence the heat transfer coefficient variation is also taken into consideration. Solutions to the governing equations have been obtained using the method of Laplace transform followed by numerical inversion from frequency domain. The results are presented on the effects of flow maldistribution and conventional heat exchanger parameters on the temperature transients of both U-type and Z-type configurations. It is found that the effect of flow maldistribution is significant and it deteriorates the thermal performance as well as the characteristic features of the dynamic response of the heat exchanger. In contrast to the previous studies, here the axial dispersion describes the inchannel back mixing alone, not maldistribution, which is physically more appropriate. Present method is an efficient and consistent way of describing maldistribution and back mixing effects on the transient response of plate heat exchangers using an analytical method without performing intensive computation by complete numerical simulation.     

Optimal design of plate-and-frame heat exchangers for efficient heat recovery in process industries

The developments in design theory of plate heat exchangers, as a tool to increase heat recovery and efficiency of energy usage, are discussed. The optimal design of a multi-pass plate-and-frame heat exchanger with mixed grouping of plates is considered. The optimizing variables include the number of passes for both streams, the numbers of plates with different corrugation geometries in each pass, and the plate type and size. To estimate the value of the objective function in a space of optimizing variables the mathematical model of a plate heat exchanger is developed. To account for the multi-pass arrangement, the heat exchanger is presented as a number of plate packs with co- and counter-current directions of streams, for which the system of algebraic equations in matrix form is readily obtainable. To account for the thermal and hydraulic performance of channels between plates with different geometrical forms of corrugations, the exponents and coefficients in formulas to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and friction factors are used as model parameters. These parameters are reported for a number of industrially manufactured plates. The described approach is implemented in software for plate heat exchangers calculation.     

Computational and statistical analysis on the U-tube heat exchanger with different passes configuration: Taguchi method

In the present study, the passive technique of heat transfer in which single pass and double passes are included in a simple U-tube heat exchanger is analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based parametric analysis is carried out to optimize the parameters affecting the temperature drop and heat transfer achieved from the U-tube heat exchanger. ANSYS Fluentv20 is used for the CFD analysis, and the RNG k-ɛ model and energy equation were considered to define the turbulence and heat transfer phenomena. The Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental work and analyze the working parameters of the U-tube heat exchanger, such as hot and cold mass flow rate and hoRenew Energyt inlet temperature and cold inlet temperature. For the U-tube heat exchanger, four operating parameters are considered at four different levels in the Taguchi method. The best combination of parameters for achieving a maximum temperature drop is A₄B₁C₂D₃, and it is A₃B₄C₁D₂ in case of heat transfer. A U-tube single-pass heat exchanger is more effective as compared with other U-tube heat exchangers (zero- and double-pass). Experimental results are provided to validate the suitability of the purpose of the approach.     

Comparing exergy losses and evaluating the potential of catalyst-filled plate-fin and spiral-wound heat exchangers in a large-scale Claude hydrogen liquefaction process

Detailed heat exchanger designs are determined by matching intermediate temperatures in a large-scale Claude refrigeration process for liquefaction of hydrogen with a capacity of 125 tons/day. A comparison is made of catalyst filled plate-fin and spiral-wound heat exchangers by use of a flexible and robust modeling framework for multi-stream heat exchangers that incorporates conversion of ortho-to para-hydrogen in the hydrogen feed stream, accurate thermophysical models and a distributed resolution of all streams and wall temperatures. Maps of the local exergy destruction in the heat exchangers are presented, which enable the identification of several avenues to improve their performances.The heat exchanger duties vary between 1 and 31 MW and their second law energy efficiencies vary between 72.3% and 96.6%. Due to geometrical constraints imposed by the heat exchanger manufacturers, it is necessary to employ between one to four parallel plate-fin heat exchanger modules, while it is possible to use single modules in series for the spiral-wound heat exchangers. Due to the lower surface density and heat transfer coefficients in the spiral-wound heat exchangers, their weights are 2–14 times higher than those of the plate-fin heat exchangers.In the first heat exchanger, hydrogen feed gas is cooled from ambient temperature to about 120 K by use of a single mixed refrigerant cycle. Here, most of the exergy destruction occurs when the high-pressure mixed refrigerant enters the single-phase regime. A dual mixed refrigerant or a cascade process holds the potential to remove a large part of this exergy destruction and improve the efficiency. In many of the heat exchangers, uneven local exergy destruction reveals a potential for further optimization of geometrical parameters, in combination with process parameters and constraints.The framework presented makes it possible to compare different sources of exergy destruction on equal terms and enables a qualified specification on the maximum allowed pressure drops in the streams. The mole fraction of para-hydrogen is significantly closer to the equilibrium composition through the entire process for the spiral-wound heat exchangers due to the longer residence time. This reduces the exergy destruction from the conversion of ortho-hydrogen and results in a higher outlet mole fraction of para-hydrogen from the process.Because of the higher surface densities of the plate-fin heat exchangers, they are the preferred technology for hydrogen liquefaction, unless a higher conversion to heat exchange ratio is desired.