烟火绘画技术的实验研究

运用烟火技术相关知识对烟火绘画原理进行初步研究,通过烟火燃烧实验对比分析,得到了清晰完整的艺术效果,为烟火绘画研究提供一定的技术支持.     

烟火切割热力学分析及药剂配方设计与实验

从传热学和力学两方面分析了烟火切割的理论基础,重点分析了影响烟火切割效果的主要因素的原因和解决方法.考虑价格和毒性因素,应用化学热力学理论计算了烟火药的绝热反应温度,筛选出了放热充足的铝热剂.实验观察了铝热剂的燃烧,确定了适于烟火切割的两种铝热剂为由氧化铜组成的铜铝热剂和由三氧化二铁组成的铁铝热剂.通过均匀配方设计实验...     

《火工品设计原理》

火工烟火技术系列丛书的最后一册———《火工品设计原理》已于 1999年 10月由北京理工大学出版社正式出版。该丛书包括《火工品设计原理》(蔡瑞娇著 )、《起爆药化学与工艺学》(劳允亮著 )、《烟火学》(潘功配著 )、《火工与烟火安全技术》(汪佩兰著 )、《火工品实验与测试技术》(李国新著 )、《起爆药实验》(刘自汤著 ) ,集中反映了本世纪末最新火工烟火技术的发展水平。火工烟火技术在武器弹药、航空航天、核武器以及煤炭、采矿、石油开采、工程爆破等领域中有着广泛的应用 ,主要用于点火、传火、引爆、传爆、延期、作功动力源以及烟火效…     

中国烟火技术的创新与发展

中国烟火技术的发展由来已久,源远流长,公元前八世纪周朝即有"狼烟"烽火台;中国古人在炼丹的过程中发明了黑火药,从而促使了中国烟火技术广泛发展;现代中国烟火技术军用的电子战烟火光电对抗和民用的烟火人工防雹降雨、烟火灭火、烟火发电等获得了创新性发展;中国的烟花爆竹在安全环保材料技术研究和无烟/微烟的焰火技术、纳米烟火、稀土烟火以及融合现代其它学科技术的特型焰火、婚礼烟花、寿礼烟花、卡通烟花等方面快速发展;固体化学原理及其对烟火系统的应用研究也在促使中国烟火技术的理论研究的新进展。     

复合燃烧元件结构和性能优化研究

分析了烟火燃烧剂的氧平衡及稀土壳体的结构对复合燃烧元件燃烧性能的影响，提供了复合燃烧元件的各项物化性能数据。烟火燃烧剂中氧平衡为-13．68％的配方燃烧速度达1．49mm／s，燃烧温度为2190℃．用其装填的复合燃烧元件能产生同步燃烧，纵火效果理想，稀土壳体的厚度R-r=3．0mm时，木箱箱盖燃烧并烧穿的时间最短。为0．5min。     

点燃烟火制品的点火物系及其制造方法

以点火索或导以索为形状的点火物质,为了点燃烟火制品,至少应提供烟火效应,并通过它产生施彩效果。例如在明亮的灯光下出现的颜色效应或间歇性的或振动式的燃烧。此外,将在引燃点火物系和发射烟火制品之间搭拉规定的很有效的安全相位。     

一种新型烟火式气体发生器的设计

为了克服高压气瓶和典型烟火式气体发生器的缺点,设计了具有结构新颖、燃烧稳定、弹体承受过载小等优点的新型烟火式气体发生器。子弹抛撒验证试验表明在相同装药量情况下,新型烟火式气体发生器作用后子弹获得的速度是典型烟火式气体发生器的1.17倍,是高压气瓶的1.05倍。该新型烟火式气体发生器可广泛应用于抛撒或释放机构领域。     

烟火技术在人工影响天气中的应用

介绍了烟火技术在人工影响天气领域中的应用,着重研究了BR-91-Y烟火催化剂的配方组成、制造工艺、播撒工具以及性能指标,并对新兴的暖云烟火催化剂做了简要介绍。     

烟火切割技术研究进展

为了促进国内烟火切割技术的发展。比较了美国和中国烟火切割技术的研究历史、现状和发展趋势。结果表明,烟火切割的原理主要包括金属射流原理和化学腐蚀原理,烟火药主要以铝热剂为基础同时添加含卤素的聚合物。切割炬已经可以手持,并可以进行水下切割。切割炬上的喷嘴可以起到使能量集中的作用,切割炬必须具有安全泄压结构。烟火切割技术在抢险救援、弹药销毁等方面有着广泛的应用,在国内大力开展烟火切割技术研究很有必要。     

烟火自动控制的新进展

由烟火自控元件组成的烟火自动控制系统，是烟火学发展的最新成就，在航天技术、化工生产自动化、安全生产、消防技术中大有发展前途。常用于烟火自动系统的烟火自动元件包括：起动型元件、传递型元件、时间编程元件、信号转换型、逻辑型和执行型元件。用于装填上述烟火自动元件的烟火剂也应有相应的特性；文中给出一种在化工过程中应用烟火自动控制系统的实例。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.