基于非平稳非高斯随机振动的航天结构疲劳寿命分析

随机振动试验是考核结构疲劳强度的常用方法，通常假定振动信号符合高斯分布。实际使用中存在非平稳非高斯随机振动环境，非平稳非高斯振动中的结构疲劳寿命分析有助于试验技术的提高。通过介绍非平稳非高斯随机振动的特征和生成方法，分析了跌宕周期对非平稳非高斯信号时域波形的影响。建立典型试件的有限元模型，按照波形再现振动试验的加载方法和时域疲劳寿命分析方法，研究了峭度和跌宕周期对疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明峭度和跌宕周期对疲劳寿命有显著的影响。研究结果对于提高环境试验真实度、改善疲劳寿命试验技术具有参考意义。     

基于等效寿命的航空铆接疲劳特性试验研究

通过二级变幅载荷谱试验与Elber模型相结合分析搭接铆接结构疲劳特性,讨论铆接参数对疲劳断口特征及疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:疲劳裂纹萌生于搭接板内的多个位置,裂纹源及断裂截面位置受铆接参数及疲劳载荷水平影响;对于较大铆接力下疲劳载荷影响更显著,使用基于Elber裂纹张开应力模型的等效裂纹扩展速率能较好反映铆接工艺及第二弯曲效应影响下的结构疲劳寿命;通常情况下增大铆接力有利于提高疲劳寿命,但其变化规律依赖于疲劳载荷的水平;Smax=100 MPa时,增大铆接力对于4 mm铆钉试件提高疲劳寿命效果显著,但Smax=150 MPa时,较高的铆接力会导致疲劳寿命的增益出现衰减。     

输送管位移的工程计算方法与有限元快速计算方法

在已知波纹管轴向刚度、弯曲刚度的条件下,基于卡氏定理总结出一套输送管平面位移的工程近似计算方法,能够准确计算水平力和竖直力作用下输送管在作用力方向上的位移。并且,在已知波纹管轴向、径向、弯曲刚度的条件下,提出一种基于有限元软件的输送管位移快速计算方法,建模简单,运算时间短,具有很好的实用价值。     

表面完整性对高强度钢疲劳寿命影响的试验研究

研究了高强度钢34CrNiMo6 的加工表面完整性对弯曲疲劳寿命的影响规律。疲劳试件的加工采用不同的切削参数,对加工表面完整性相异的试件进行疲劳试验。研究结果表明:残余应力是影响试件弯曲疲劳寿命的主要因素,残余压应力可获得高疲劳寿命;当表面粗糙度Ry >10 滋m 时,表面粗糙度对疲劳寿命的影响显著;加工硬化对高强度钢疲劳寿命有不利影响,疲劳寿命随表面硬度的增加而降低;采用小刀尖半径和低进给速度可提高高强度钢的疲劳寿命。     

膜片式金属膜盒充放气过程结构仿真分析

为了研究保险阀膜片式金属膜盒在充放气过程中的受力情况及作用机理,并分析各因素对其疲劳特性的影响,基于Abaqus结构仿真软件开展二维轴对称仿真研究.通过静力分析得到充放气单个循环破裂位置的应力变化曲线,使用雨流计数法分解为多个子循环,基于应力疲劳分析方法计算寿命试验次数下破裂位置的疲劳损伤.计算结果表明,限位行程为0～2mm的膜盒疲劳寿命低于限位行程0～4mm状态;相对于拉伸校型,压缩校型使得膜盒疲劳寿命降低更加明显.在工程应用中,适当增大限位行程、避免膜片组校型可以提高金属膜盒疲劳寿命.     

飞机中外对接件的结构疲劳寿命预测

为得到飞机中外对接件在载荷状态下的应力分布情况,合理的对其寿命进行估算,采用ANSYS软件对飞机中外对接件进行有限元分析并与试验值对比,得到应力分布情况,应用局部应力应变法做寿命的估算,其结果为结构细节改进和评价构件的疲劳分析提供依据。     

基于神经网络的结构疲劳可靠性优化设计

研究了人工神经网络在结构疲劳可靠性分析和结构优化设计中的应用。结构的疲劳寿命与各影响因素之间呈高度的非线性关系,或隐函数关系,传统的结构可靠度分析方法计算困难。采用神经网络响应面法模拟结构的极限状态函数及其偏导数,从而进行疲劳可靠性分析,在此基础上采用神经网络法对结构进行疲劳可靠性优化设计,通过算例说明其适用性及可行性。     

基于修正Corten-Dolan模型的机体结构延寿方法研究

针对机体延寿工作的复杂性,从疲劳损伤积累的角度研究机体结构的延寿方法。利用剩余强度衰减退化修正的Corten-Dolan模型计算机体结构疲劳关键件的疲劳损伤累积量,推导了载荷服从正态分布时的疲劳可靠度和k级载荷下剩余疲劳寿命估算公式。根据疲劳损伤的积累量,将疲劳寿命折算成日历寿命。提出机体结构延寿分析流程并进行案例分析,寿命加速实验结果表明各关键件均达到延寿要求,说明该方法具有一定的参考价值。     

开缝衬套冷挤压孔疲劳寿命仿真模型建立及验证

利用有限元分析软件Abaqus和疲劳分析软件MSC.Fatigue联合仿真,建立冷挤压孔疲劳寿命仿真模型,研究冷挤压工艺对7050铝合金带孔试件疲劳寿命的强化效果。在有无衬套情况下,研究疲劳载荷及挤压量对冷挤压疲劳增寿效果的影响。仿真结果表明:带衬套挤压寿命强化效果好于无衬套挤压强化效果;在一定挤压范围内,挤压量越大,强化效果越好;经开缝衬套冷挤压后,7050带孔试件的疲劳寿命可提高2~8倍。将仿真结果与试验结果作比较,验证了该仿真模型的有效性。     

基于中心复合设计的热喷涂层接触疲劳寿命预测研究

采用中心复合设计方法,研究服役条件对超音速等离子喷AT40涂层接触疲劳寿命的影响。基于回归分析原理,利用响应曲面方法建立了综合考虑转速、接触应力和滑差率的多因素寿命预测模型,并分析了转速、接触应力和滑差率对接触疲劳寿命的综合作用。研究结果表明：不同服役条件下AT40涂层的接触疲劳寿命具有相同的寿命分布;滑差率是影响接触疲劳寿命的主要因素,接触应力是次要因素,而转速的影响不显著;接触应力和滑差率的交互作用、转速和滑差率的交互作用均对接触疲劳寿命有显著影响。模型的显著性检验结果表明,所拟合的响应曲面回归模型具有较高的显著性,可用于表征转速、接触应力和滑差率与AT40涂层滚动接触疲劳寿命的关系。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.