混凝土靶高速侵彻的模型律

采用量纲分析的方法，总结近年来国内外有关混凝土类靶材贯穿实验的大量数据，对混凝土类材料靶高速贯穿的规律进行了研究，发现混凝土类材料靶和金属靶一样，也基本上遵守穿甲过程的相似律，并以一种新的观点解释了应变率效应对穿甲过程模型律的影响，最后通过对实验数据的拟合，给出混凝土类材料靶贯穿过程无量纲最大穿甲深度的无量纲速度的表示式。     

混凝土靶中侵彻深度的相似性研究

引入弹头性能参数,采用量纲分析方法,对射弹侵彻混凝土靶的深度进行了分析,得到了无量纲侵彻深度与无量纲侵彻初始速度基本成线性的关系.另一方面,利用轻气炮对素混凝土靶和钢纤维混凝土靶进行了侵彻试验,测量了射弹的击靶速度和侵彻深度.试验结果表明,不同弹头形状射弹侵彻素混凝土靶和钢纤维混凝土靶的无量纲侵彻深度与无量纲速度近似成线性关系.     

无量纲参数对破片弹道极限速度的影响

为开展93W钨合金破片对616装甲钢侵彻性能的研究,通过弹道枪试验分别对立方破片(底面为正方形)和圆柱破片进行了弹道极限速度测试,并基于试验结果对理论公式进行了修正,修正后的公式可应用于预测破片弹道极限速度。将仿真结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了材料的可靠性,根据破片初速及剩余速度建立回归方程,外推得到破片的弹道极限速度,并进一步研究了无量纲弹长及无量纲靶厚对弹道极限速度的影响。结果表明,当确定破片及靶板的材料后,弹道极限速度仅与无量纲弹长和无量纲靶厚有关; 当无量纲弹长与无量纲靶厚确定后,破片形状对弹道极限速度的影响非常明显,立方破片更容易穿透靶板。当无量纲靶厚为1.6时,破片正侵彻12 mm厚度的靶板,弹道极限速度随破片无量纲弹长的增加而加大,且无量纲弹长每增加0.1,破片的弹道极限速度增加约45 m/s; 当无量纲弹长为1.0时,破片正侵彻不同厚度的靶板,弹道极限速度随无量纲靶厚的增加而加大,且无量纲靶厚每增加0.1,破片的弹道极限速度增加约50 m/s。     

刚性尖头弹侵彻贯穿金属薄靶板耗能分析

本文分析了刚性尖头弹侵彻贯穿金属薄靶板的过程和耗能机理,由能量守恒建立了刚性尖头弹垂直入射金属薄靶板花瓣型穿孔最小穿透能量的无量纲表达式.基于铝合金及纯铝靶板弹道极限试验数据,得到一个计算金属靶板花瓣型穿孔弹道极限速度的半理论半经验公式,并与低碳钢靶板弹道极限试验数据进行了比较,计算结果与试验吻合较好.分析讨论了弹体初始速度对剩余速度和靶板耗能的影响.     

基于水下爆炸实船试验的舰船阻尼的研究

以实船试验的实测结构响应数据为基础,运用经典峰值处理法计算得到不同冲击因子下实船总振动阻尼比。采用最小二乘复指数法识别舰船结构模态参数,运用无量纲化方法使计算结果唯一。运用离散快速傅里叶变换对模态参数进行校验,验证了计算结果的正确性。根据所提取的结构模态频率和模态阻尼比,对系统的结构阻尼进行统计和定量分析,给出瑞利阻尼系数的试验值,为舰船冲击响应计算与分析提供参考。最后,与美国DDG53的瑞利阻尼系数进行对比,比较结果表明两者差距较大。     

侵彻混凝土经验公式的分析

根据NDRC、Forrestal、郝保田、WES等侵彻混凝土经验公式的比较,和Bernard、Forrestal、郝保田等公式的无量纲形式侵彻深度的量纲分析,对实验数据进行了拟合。理论计算结果与试验数据比较说明:由于试验和理论分析的局限性,上述经验公式用于外推预估可信度各有实用范围,但欠理想;由于混凝土材料性质特点,将侵深与混凝土材料的相关性仅用靶体的密度和无侧限抗压强度等表示也欠全面;但在一定条件和实验范围内,仍能给出较好的预估结果,可以作为侵彻战斗部设计的参考依据。     

刚性弹丸对混凝土靶的垂直侵彻研究

假定弹体为刚体，利用空腔膨胀理论计算了刚性弹丸垂直侵彻靶板时的侵彻阻力，并以卵形弹为例根据牛顿定律得到了只含有2个无量纲参数的侵彻深度表达式，并与实验结果进行比较，二者吻合良好。     

多角度高速侵彻金属靶的有限元模拟和实验研究

为研究轻装甲车辆对高速弹丸的侵彻性能,建立尖头弹多角度高速撞击金属靶板的侵彻有限元模型,对弹靶侵彻过程和靶板破坏形式进行分析计算,搭建高速运动分析实验系统,对弹靶侵彻模型进行验证。研究表明:模型结果与实验数据二者吻合较好;有限元模型和实验输出的剩余速度误差不大于5%,模拟的破坏形貌与实验结果较吻合;在一定入射角范围内,弹丸入射角度越大,厚度越大,靶板吸收能量越多。     

基于接触面特征的螺栓联接刚度研究

螺栓联接由于其可靠和有效性在工业界得到广泛应用,螺栓联接设计中的联接刚度设计在螺栓联接结构中具有十分重要的作用。提出一种最佳预紧力下螺栓联接结构的有限元分析方法,在综合考虑螺栓螺母与被联接件及被联接件之间的受力、接触、摩擦等非线性因素的基础上,采用不同结构的系列参数模型运算结果进行联接刚度分析,研究了螺栓预紧力、被联接板厚度、螺栓公称直径、被联接板外径及螺母系数等因素对联接刚度的影响。通过接触面压应力分布实验验证和连续性假设,对联接结构刚度函数式进行无量纲化推导,实现了系列参数模型无量纲化刚度数据的有效拟合,在有限元分析结果基础上获得了计算螺栓联接结构联接刚度的计算公式。通过与有限元分析结果及文献［4-6］结果比较,验证了该刚度计算公式的有效性和可靠性。     

缓冲装置不对称对自动机特性的影响

针对缓冲装置两侧不对称对自动机特性的影响,对其进行分析。运用键合空间理论建立自动机的键合空 间拓扑结构图,分析缓冲装置弹簧初力、弹簧刚度、后坐阻尼和复进阻尼的不对称对自动机的后坐动态特性和立靶 密集度的影响。计算分析结果表明：该分析得出了各因素对自动机最大后坐位移、最大后坐力和立靶密集度的影响 规律。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.