两步无机盐-凝胶法制备PMN-PT弛豫铁电陶瓷粉体

0．65Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3—0．35PbTiO3（简称：PMN-PT）弛豫铁电粉体采用两步无机盐-凝胶法制备。以氧化镁，醋酸铅，钛酸丁脂为原料，柠檬酸为螫合剂，乙二醇为溶剂，分别合成稳定的Mg，Pb-Ti的有机化合物先驱体溶液。Nb2O5粉体与Mg先驱体溶液均匀混合，并采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备MgNb2O6（MN）先驱体粉体；MN粉体与Pb-Ti先驱体溶液均匀混合，并制备PMN-PT粉体。通过XRD和SEM分析PMN-PT钙钛矿相形成的影响因素和微观形貌，研究全钙钛矿相PMN-PT铁电粉体的制备。结果表明：过量3％MgO前驱体经1050℃，4h煅烧可以得到纯相MgNb2O6先驱体粉体：过量5％PbO前驱体经900℃，4h煅烧可以得到全钙钛矿相PMN-PT粉体。     

拓扑微晶转换法合成片状KNbO3粉体

以K2CO3,Nb2O5为原料,KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成片状K4Nb6O17粉体,系统研究了熔盐含量、合成温度和保温时间对K4Nb6O17粉体形貌的影响。当熔盐含量与反应物的质量比为5:5,合成温度为1050℃,保温3h的条件下,能够制备出长5~100μm,宽5~10μm,厚1~3μm,边缘整齐且具有钙钛矿结构的片状K4Nb6O17粉体。以获得的片状K4Nb6O17粉体为前驱体,采用拓扑微晶转化法,在950℃下保温8h,成功制备出了片状KNbO3粉体,可作为制备织构化铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的模板剂。     

纳米Ba_3Ti_4Nb_4O_(21)微波介质陶瓷粉体制备及表征

以铌柠檬酸盐、乙酸钡和钛酸正四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过控制反应条件,在700℃的温度下获得Ba3Ti4Nb4O21纳米粉体,比采用普通固相法合成的温度低400℃左右。用红外光谱,差热-热重,X射线衍射以及透射电镜等手段表征Ba3Ti4Nb4O21柠檬酸盐前驱体以及煅烧后粉体的各项特性。结果表明:用柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制得的前驱体在700℃煅烧2h后,可获得纯Ba3Ti4Nb4O21纳米粉体,其平均粒径在30～50nm,适合于微波介质陶瓷的制备。     

碳酸铝铵热分解法制备超细氧化铝粉体

以分析纯的NH4Al(SO4)2和NH4HCO3为原料,选择合适的溶液浓度、分散剂及pH值,在合适的工艺条件下,得到NH4Al(OH)2CO3前驱体化合物.前驱体在1100℃下煅烧1h,得到粒径为80～100nm的超细α-Al2O3,Al2O3颗粒基本上呈球形,粒度均匀.研究了溶液浓度、分散剂及pH值对前驱体化合物颗粒细度的影响,用XRD法对前驱体化合物及其煅烧产物进行了表征,并研究了热处理过程中的相变化,对Al2O3多晶转变与热处理温度之间的关系进行了讨论.用SEM对Al2O3粉体的形貌、大小进行了表征.该方法工艺简单,原料易得便宜,综合成本较低,易实现工业化生产.     

柠檬酸法制备热障涂层用La2Ce2O7粉体

以ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O、Ce(NO3)·6H2O和La2O3为原料,采用柠檬酸法制备了La2Ce2O7粉体,研究了pH值、乙二醇及柠檬酸用量、煅烧温度等工艺参数对La2Ce2O7粉体的影响。结果表明,采用该方法能够制备纯净的La2Ce2O7粉体,最佳实验条件是pH值为5,乙二醇、柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比分别是1.8和2,煅烧温度为400℃。     

尿素均匀沉淀法制备超细α-Al2O3粉体

以Al2（SO4）3和CO（NH2）2为原料,通过均匀沉淀法制备出前驱物Al（OH）3,并煅烧得到超细α-Al2O3粉体。研究CO（NH2）2和Al2（SO4）3的摩尔比、Al2（SO4）3起始摩尔浓度、反应温度、反应时间等对前驱物制备的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、热重/差示扫描法（DTA/TGA）等多种现代分析检测技术对粉体的性能进行了表征。结果表明：在CO（NH2）2和Al2（SO4）3的摩尔比为10：1、Al2（SO4）3起始浓度为0.05mol/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为60min的条件下,能得到分散性能良好、粒径为2μm左右且粒度分布均匀的球形超细α-Al2O3粉体。     

柠檬酸法合成SOFC阴极粉体La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_(3-δ)的研究

采用柠檬酸法制备了固体氧化物燃料电池钙钛矿型阴极粉体La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_(3-δ)(0.1＜x＜0.5),研究了pH值、络合剂量、煅烧温度等各工艺参数对络合效果的影响.结果表明:pH值是关键因素,最佳pH值为3.乙二醇能很好地促进柠檬酸络合金属离子,同时适当增加柠檬酸量有利于金属离子的络合.制备阴极粉体La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_(3-δ)的最佳实验条件为:pH值为3,添加乙二醇,柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比为2,煅烧温度为1000 ℃.     

沉淀法制备纳米Eu：Y2O3荧光粉

试验分别以微米级Y2O3、Eu2O3粉体为原料，碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂，三乙醇胺为络合剂，采用三乙醇胺络合沉淀法制备了化学组成为NC6H12（NH4）Y2（CO3）（NO3）2·nH2O的前驱体。研究了前驱体在不同的煅烧温度下的物相变化，结果表明，前驱体在500℃保温2h即可直接生成立方相的Eu：Y2O3，在1000℃保温2h的条件下得到了结晶度高、分散性好、平均粒径为50～60nm、近球形的纳米Eu：Y2O3荧光粉。     

超声对湿化学法制备Al2O3纳米粉的影响

采用湿化学法在超声场中制备了纳米α-Al2O3粉体,研究了超声辐射作用下前驱体颗粒的成核、长大过程,探索了超声作用下Al2O3晶型的转变.结果表明超声能量能加速前驱体的形核,超声分散可控制晶核的长大和团聚,在超声技术处理下可制备粒径仅为20 nm的NH4A1(OH)2CO3超细前驱体,这一前驱体经8 h陈化后,再经1150℃高温煅烧20 min,可制备得到粒径约为10 nm的α-A1203粉体;研究还发现高频率超声辐射可提高α相Al2O3粉体的结晶度.     

凝胶燃烧法合成LiCoO2超细粉体的研究

以LiNO3和Co(NO3)2@6H2O为原料,柠檬酸为燃料.采用凝胶低温燃烧技术合成了LiCoO2超细粉体.并利用各种分析技术对柠檬酸和硝酸盐形成的凝胶及凝胶燃烧合成的粉体进行了研究柠檬酸硝酸盐凝胶在350-400℃之间发生燃烧反应,得到黑色疏松粉体X射线衍射分析表明.适当提高柠檬酸在凝胶中的含量.燃烧后得到的粉体晶粒尺寸显著减小未经燃烧的粉体中除含有LiCoO2外.还有CoO,Li2CO3等杂质相.但在450℃下经短时间煅烧后.杂质相消失,其晶相为层状岩盐结构的高温LiCoO2相扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现.随着煅烧温度的提高.LiCoO2粉体的粒径有所增大.但远小于在相同煅烧条件下用固相反应法制备的LiCoO2粉体.这表明采用燃烧法更适于合成具有单一相结构的,可在低温条件下烧结的超细LiCoO2粉体.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.