脉冲电化学沉积法制备钛基HA/Ag复合涂层

采用脉冲电化学法在生物医用钛表面制备出纳米HA/Ag复合涂层。借助SEM、XRD等对复合涂层的形貌、成分进行表征。利用大肠杆菌和白色葡萄球菌两个菌种对该涂层抗菌性能进行分析研究。最后利用MC3T3-E1成骨细胞检测复合涂层的细胞相容性。结果表明：HA/Ag复合涂层呈纳米球状,由HA和Ag两相组成。Ag在HA涂层中分布均匀。复合涂层对两种细菌均有较好的抗菌效果,对大肠杆菌抗菌率达100%,对白色葡萄球菌的抗菌率接近100%,对大肠杆菌的抗菌能力高于白色葡萄球菌。细胞培养实验表明MC3T3-E1成骨细胞在HA/Ag复合涂层表面的黏附、铺展较好。综合可知,脉冲电化学沉积法制备的纳米HA/Ag复合涂层具有较好的抗菌性和细胞相容性     

聚吡咯改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的电学特性及生物相容性

聚偏氟乙烯因具有生物相容性、压电性及良好的机械性能而在生物医用中备受关注。利用电化学法在聚偏氟乙烯膜表面沉积聚吡咯涂层以表面改性聚偏氟乙烯膜,研究了聚吡咯纳米颗粒和纳米线结构涂层对聚偏氟乙烯膜的表面亲水性、电学特性及生物相容性的影响。采用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察了纳米结构聚吡咯涂层改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的表面形貌;利用表面接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜研究了改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的亲水性和电学特性;通过体外矿化、细胞死活染色和CCK-8检测方法探讨了改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的生物相容性。结果表明：纳米结构聚吡咯涂层改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的表面亲水性、表面电势分布及生物相容性明显提高了,有利于表面类骨矿物的沉积及细胞的粘附与增殖。此外,纳米线结构聚吡咯改性的聚偏氟乙烯膜具有更高的亲水性、表面电势分布,更有利于细胞粘附与增殖。     

多孔钛板表面TiO2纳米管阵列膜的制备及表征

利用四辊卧式粉末轧机制备多孔钛板,并通过阳极氧化工艺在轧制多孔钛板上制备TiO2纳米管阵列膜。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分别对TiO2纳米管阵列膜的形貌和物相进行表征,并对TiO2纳米管阵列膜的热稳定性和生物相容性进行了研究。结果表明,多孔钛板上初步制备的TiO2纳米管阵列膜为无定形相结构,在不同温度下可转化为锐钛矿型、金红石型或锐钛矿与金红石型的混合物;细胞培养实验表明,经阳极氧化及450℃退火处理后,粉末轧制多孔钛板表面细胞的黏附量比未经处理的多,且细胞发育良好。     

密度可控钛纳米棒阵列的制备及其矿化性能研究

通过控制电解液中的草酸含量,在医用纯钛表面构建密度可控的钛纳米棒阵列。利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对钛表面纳米棒阵列形貌和密度进行了表征,并在模拟体液(2SBF)中对其矿化性能进行研究。结果表明:钛纳米棒阵列密度随着草酸含量的增加而增大,钛表面构建纳米棒阵列结构有利于类骨钙磷矿物的沉积,当纯钛表面纳米棒阵列密度为(1.79±0.04)×1010/cm2时,在模拟体液中矿化性能优异,可见这种结构有利于材料与骨组织形成骨性结合,提高临床疗效。     

钛植入体表面构建具有抗菌活性和生物相容性的PDA/RGDC/氧化锌量子点复合涂层

传统的抗生素治疗细菌感染往往会导致细菌对抗生素产生耐药性,导致耐药细菌的形成,从而对人类健康产生更大的危害。设计了一种新颖的表面系统,其可在不使用抗生素的情况下为钛植入体提供一种可靠的自抗菌平台。这一特性的实现依靠于钛植入体表面PDA（polydopamine）/RGDC（arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-cysteine）/氧化锌量子点（ZnO QDs）复合涂层的构建,通过粒子生长法得到的ZnO QDs经RGDC修饰后连接到覆盖于钛植入物表面的PDA。用不同的细菌和小鼠成骨细胞对此涂层进行了测试,结果表明,文中设计的复合涂层对大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达98.95%,同时具有优异的生物相容性。因此,该表面涂层在生物医用植入材料领域将有着广泛的应用前景。     

近β生物钛合金表面TiO2纳米管结构膜制备及其对成骨细胞生长的影响

通过恒电位阳极氧化新型近β钛合金Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-25Nb（TLM）制备具有不规则取向的TiO2纳米管阵列膜。TiO2膜在SBF中可诱导磷灰石的沉积并形成HA,表明对成骨细胞早期附着无抑制作用,具有良好的细胞相容性。比较可见,在模拟体液浸泡3 d后,具有不规则取向的TiO2纳米管阵列膜的TLM上成骨细胞附着率明显高于具有TiO2纳米管阵列的Ti片,并形成良好的细胞形态。说明阳极氧化进一步改善了TLM钛合金的生物相容性和生物活性,为植入体的早期愈合提供了条件。     

钛及钛合金表面纳米管的生物功能化研究进展

钛及钛合金因为其良好的生物相容性和力学性能,作为生物医用材料得到广泛使用。通过表面处理后,可以在钛金属基体表面获得氧化钛纳米管阵列。氧化钛纳米管阵列的管径和长度尺寸可控,通常具有大表面积、强吸附性和超亲水性,可以提高钛及钛合金基体的生物相容性和耐腐蚀性能,为进一步赋予其更多的生物功能性奠定了基础。对钛及钛合金表面纳米管再次表面改性后,可使其具有更好的促进骨整合、抗菌消炎、药物响应可控释放、生物荧光成像等功能,在生物医学领域应用潜力巨大。介绍了钛及钛合金表面纳米管的制备方法,分析了氧化钛纳米管阵列的生物学特性,探讨了纳米管的物理特征对细胞行为的影响,对二次表面改性(包括碱处理、水热处理、电化学沉积、溶胶-凝胶法)影响氧化钛纳米管生物功能性的研究进展进行了综合评述,总结了氧化钛纳米管作为药物载体在药物缓释、响应性释放和疾病检测等生物功能化方面的进展情况,提出了对氧化钛纳米管生物功能化研究的一些问题,并展望了其未来发展方向。     

Y_2O_3对激光熔覆钛基复合涂层生物性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在Ti-6Al-4V基材表面制备了生物陶瓷复合涂层。利用急性毒性实验、动物体内埋植实验以及体外细胞培养实验对钛基生物陶瓷复合涂层的生物性能进行了研究。结果表明:添加0.6%(质量分数)Y_2O_3的预置粉末和激光熔覆后的生物陶瓷涂层均无明显的急性毒性反应;动物体内分别埋植45、180 d后,与未添加稀土氧化物的复合涂层相比较,添加0.6%Y_2O_3的激光熔覆生物陶瓷复合涂层具有更好的骨小梁生成能力,且细胞在其表面生长良好;添加0.6%Y_2O_3的激光熔覆生物陶瓷复合涂层具备良好的生物相容性。     

基于纳米羟基磷灰石、雷尼酸锶和聚己内酯的钛植入体成骨纳米复合涂层（英文）

钛及其合金常被用作牙科和骨植入材料。钛表面的仿生涂层可以改善其成骨性能。本文作者开发一种新型的、具有成骨作用的钛合金表面纳米复合涂层,为骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的粘附、增殖和成骨分化提供自然环境。用静电纺丝法制备基于聚己内脂(PCL)、纳米羟基磷灰石(nH Ap)和雷尼酸锶(SrRan)的纳米复合涂层。因此,涂覆在钛合金表面的涂层有4种,分别为PCL、PCL/n HAp、PCL/SrRan和PCL/nHAp/SrRan。采用EDS、FTIR、XRD、XRF、SEM、AFM、体外细胞毒性和血液相容性测试等技术评估涂层的化学性能、形貌和生物学性能。结果表明,纳米复合涂层具有细胞相容性和血液相容性,PCL/HAp/SrRan纳米复合纤维涂层具有最高的细胞活性。MSCs在纳米涂层上的成骨培养显示干细胞向成骨分化,碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化测试结果证实了这一点。研究结果表明,所制备的复合纳米涂层具有促进新骨形成和增强骨-植入体整合的潜力。     

纯钛表面聚吡咯涂层的制备及其对成骨细胞生长的影响

采用水溶液恒电流电化学聚合法在纯钛表面制备了PPy涂层（Ti／PPy）。利用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱测定表面化学成分。用扫描电子显微镜观察涂层微观形貌，接触角测量仪检测接触角并计算表面能。搭接剪切法测定涂层与基底间的结合强度。通过对成骨细胞在Ti／PPy表面附着、铺展以及增殖能力的检测，评价Ti／PPy对成骨细胞生长的影响。结果表明，Ti／PPy的表面能（59．5mJ／m^2）高于纯钛（47．0mJ／m^2），并且具有良好的结合强度（9．16±1．62）MPa。Ti／PPy与Ti一样具有良好的生物相容性，成骨细胞能够在Ti／PPy涂层表面完成附着、铺展以及增殖的生物功能。     

Fabrication of highly oriented ZnO nanorod arrays by galvanostatic deposition

Highly oriented ZnO nanorod arrays were suecessfully prepared on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using a galvanostatic electrodeposition method.The ITO substrate was pretreated with ZnO nanoparticles via simple low-temperature solution route.The crystallinity,microstructure of surface,and optical properties of the obtained ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,and transmittance spectrum.The results indicate that the average diameter of ZnO nanorod arrays is about 30 nm,and the narrow size distribution ranges from 20 to 50 nm The nanorod arrays are growing along [001] direction with an orientation perpendicular to the substrate.When the wavelength of incident is over 380 nm,the ZnO nanorod arrays show a high optical transmission of above 95%.Furthermore,the possible growth mechanism of the nanorod arrays was discussed.     

The effect of seed layer on morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays grown by hydrothermal method

Well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized by hydrothermal method on Si substrates that were covered with pre-deposited ZnO films as seed layers. The ZnO seed layers were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. It is found that the seed layers prepared under different oxygen partial pressure sputtering parameters and annealing treatment have a great influence on the morphology of the ZnO nanorod arrays grown subsequently on them. Furthermore, growth positions of nanorod/microrod arrays were selectively controlled on the lithography-assist ZnO seed layer.     

硅基ZnO纳米棒阵列异质结太阳能电池的水热合成及其光伏性能

通过低温水热法,在图案化的p型硅衬底上合成氧化锌（ZnO）纳米棒阵列薄膜,制备出具有p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒（NR）阵列结构的异质结太阳能电池（HSCs）。通过直流磁控溅射技术,分别在前后面板溅射沉积ITO和Al膜接触电极层。研究ZnO籽晶层的退火温度、ZnO纳米棒阵列水热合成的时间等因素对ZnO纳米棒阵列的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响。p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒阵列HSCs的最佳短路电流密度和总能量转换效率分别为11.475 mA·cm^-2和2.0%。相比p-Si/n-ZnO薄膜HSCs,p-Si/n-ZnO纳米棒阵列HSCs的光伏性能得到了有效提高。     

Field emission enhancement of ZnO nanorod arrays with hafnium nitride coating

Vertically well-aligned single crystal ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized and enhanced field electron emission was achieved with hafnium nitride (HfN_x) coating under proper sputtering condition. HfN_x films with various composition have been coated on ZnO nanorod arrays using a reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering system. Morphology and crystal configuration of the ZnO nanorod arrays were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The field emission properties of the coated and uncoated ZnO nanorod arrays were characterized. The as-grown ZnO nanorod arrays showed a turn-on electric field of 6.60 V μm^− 1 at a current density of 10 μA cm^− 2 and an emission current density of 1 mA cm^− 2 under the field of 9.32 V μm^− 1. While the turn-on electric field of the coated ZnO nanorod arrays sharply decreased to 2.42 V μm^− 1, an emission current density of 1 mA cm^− 2 under the field of only 4.30 V μm^− 1 can be obtained. A method to accurately measure the work function of the coated films was demonstrated.     

Growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on soft substrates by hydrothermal process

ZnO nanorod arrays with quite homogeneous size and shape were fabricated by introducing ZnO seed-layer as nucleation centers on the soft ITO substrates prior to the hydrothermal reaction. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence method. After the ZnO seed-layer is introduced, the resulting deposits on the substrates develop into nanorods, and the diameter decreases obviously to about 100 nm. Influences of the coated nanocrystal seed nuclei on the morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays were discussed. The results show that each nanorod is monocrystalline with wurtzite-type structure and oriented in c-axis direction. The increase of the intensity ratio of ultraviolet to visible emissions in room-temperature photoluminescence spectra and the decrease of the ultraviolet PL linewidths show the improvement of the quality of ZnO nanorods. A simple and effective method to synthesize ZnO nanorod arrays with fairly uniform size and shape on soft substrates is dip-coating ZnO nanocrystals prior to hydrothermal reaction, and it may be also feasible for the fabrication of other small-size metal oxide nanostructures on soft substrates.     

水热法制备高定向掺铝氧化锌纳米棒阵列

为了制备高定向光电性能优异的掺铝氧化锌(ZAO)纳米棒阵列,采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基片上制备掺铝氧化锌薄膜,以ZAO薄膜为种子层,通过控制掺铝量、稳定荆等工艺参数,采用水热法制备出了高定向ZAO纳米棒阵列.实验表明,铝掺杂量为2%,直径在50nm左右的ZAO纳米棒阵列薄膜具有最好的光致发光性能,表面活性剂可以促进ZAO纳米结构的棒状生长,形成高定向ZAO纳米棒阵列.     

Oriented growth of ZnO nanostructures on different substrates via a hydrothermal method

Well-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays are successfully fabricated on different substrates. They are formed on different substrates at low temperature via a hydrothermal method, without adding any catalysts or templates. This approach is convenient and inexpensive. The morphologies of ZnO crystals could be controlled and transformed to other morphologies successfully by using different substrates. The effects of the substrates on the ZnO nanorod arrays have been systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterizations of XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that these products are pure single-crystal and the structure is uniform. The photoluminescence property has been detected by photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and Raman spectrum. Photoluminescence measurements show that each spectrum consists of the ultraviolet (UV) band and a relative broad visible light emission peak. But substrates play roles in the intensity of ultraviolet and visible light emission peak. The green emission in Raman measurement may be related to the surface states.     

Oriented growth of ZnO nanostructures on Si and Al substrates

Aligned ZnO nanorod arrays and oriented ZnO nanoplates were synthesized on Si and Al substrates, respectively, using a hydrothermal method without any surfactant. The process involved the deposition of ZnO seeds on the substrate and the oriented growth of ZnO nanostructure in aqueous solution. The ZnO seeds were indispensable for the alignment of ZnO nanorods and TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that the ZnO rods are single crystalline grown along [001] direction. Al substrate caused formation of (001) surface dominated ZnO nanoplates, in which ZnO preferential growth direction was suppressed. The photoluminescence spectra of the as-grown ZnO products were measured to indicate their structural and optical quality. These oriented ZnO nanostructures are expected to be prospectively applied in nanodevices fabrication.     

Effect of polyethyleneimine on the growth of ZnO nanorod arrays and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells

A series of oriented hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanorod-array films were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates by chemical process. The effect of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the structure and micro-morphology of ZnO nanorod array films, as well as the photoelectric conversion properties in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was analyzed. It was found that with the addition of PEI in growth solution, the ZnO nanorods became smaller in diameter and longer in length and hence the dye absorption and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs were improved. A power conversion efficiency of 2.30% had been achieved on a DSSC based on a 7.9 μm-long nanorod array film prepared by a growth solution containing the PEI.     

ZnO and TiO2 1D nanostructures for photocatalytic applications

ZnO and TiO₂ 1D nanostructures (nanorods and nanotubes) were prepared by low-cost, low-temperature, solution-based methods and their properties and photocatalytic performance were studied. ZnO nanorod samples with titania and alumina shells were also prepared by solution-based methods, and their properties and photocatalytic performance were compared to that of bare ZnO nanorods. We found that ZnO and TiO₂ exhibited comparable photocatalytic performance. Faster dye degradation under simulated solar illumination was observed for ZnO, while under UV illumination faster degradation was observed for TiO₂. ZnO nanorods with titania shells exhibited inferior photocatalytic performance, while for alumina shells the performance was similar to bare ZnO. Reasons for observed differences are discussed, and the effect of the shell on photocatalytic activity is attributed to the changes in native defects at the ZnO surface/shell interface.