Growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on soft substrates by hydrothermal process

ZnO nanorod arrays with quite homogeneous size and shape were fabricated by introducing ZnO seed-layer as nucleation centers on the soft ITO substrates prior to the hydrothermal reaction. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence method. After the ZnO seed-layer is introduced, the resulting deposits on the substrates develop into nanorods, and the diameter decreases obviously to about 100 nm. Influences of the coated nanocrystal seed nuclei on the morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays were discussed. The results show that each nanorod is monocrystalline with wurtzite-type structure and oriented in c-axis direction. The increase of the intensity ratio of ultraviolet to visible emissions in room-temperature photoluminescence spectra and the decrease of the ultraviolet PL linewidths show the improvement of the quality of ZnO nanorods. A simple and effective method to synthesize ZnO nanorod arrays with fairly uniform size and shape on soft substrates is dip-coating ZnO nanocrystals prior to hydrothermal reaction, and it may be also feasible for the fabrication of other small-size metal oxide nanostructures on soft substrates.     

电化学沉积Mn掺杂纳米ZnO的结构和光学性质的研究

在Si衬底上用电化学沉积方法制备了Mn掺杂ZnO纳米晶X射线衍射（XRD）的研究表明,Mn离子取代Zn离子进入到 ZnO晶格中。场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示,ZnO纳米晶形貌的是柱状的。从光致发光谱可以看出,由于掺杂效应导致了可见发射带扩大, PL谱从122.8k到302.2k范围的拟合结果表明,Mn掺杂导致的激子结合能的降低。     

Effects of pretreatment of substrates on the preparation of large scale ZnO nanotube arrays

Well-aligned hexagonal ZnO nanotubes (NTs) arrays were synthesized on pretreated indium fin oxide (ITO) substrates by a simple hydro-thermal method. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-my dif-fraction analysis (XRD). A new method of substrate pretreatment was introduced to prepare ZnO coated films. The size of ZnO seeds and the formation rote of ZnO NTs were investigated. Further, the mechanism of the preparation of ZnO NTs was discussed. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum measurement shows fairly internal defects existing in ZnO nanotubes.     

Growth and optical properties of tetrapod-like indium-doped ZnO nanorods with a layer-structured surface

We report tetrapod-like indium-doped ZnO nanorods with a layer-structured surface, synthesized by a thermal vapor transport method. The high crystalline quality of the nanostructure sample obtained was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We carried out photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation measurements to investigate the possible application of this indium-doped ZnO nanostructure in the field of optical devices. The photoluminescence exhibited an ultra strong visible wavelength emission with a peak intensity 300 times stronger than the band edge ultraviolet emission. In addition, a very slow decay of visible wavelength emission was revealed by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy.     

Photocatalytic activity of La-doped ZnO nanostructure materials synthesized by sonochemical method

ZnO nanostructure materials doped with different La contents were synthesized by sonochemical method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). In this research, XRD patterns of pure ZnO and La-doped ZnO are specified as hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with no detection of La2O3 phase. SEM and TEM characterization revealed the flower shape of pure ZnO built-up from petals of hexagonal prisms with hexagonal pyramid tips. Upon doping with La, the flower-shaped ZnO is broken into individual 1D prism-like nanorods. Photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized products were determined by measuring the degradation of methylene blue(MB) under ultraviolet–visible(UV) light irradiation.Among them, the 2.0 mol% La-doped ZnO shows better photocatalytic properties than any other products.     

Optical properties and photocatalytic activity of Nd-doped ZnO powders

To improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxides, ZnO powders doped with different neodymium (Nd) concentrations were prepared via hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) patterns revealed that Nd atoms were successfully incorporated into the ZnO lattice. XRD pattern also showed some anisotropy of the powders. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum demonstrated a strong and broad peak in the visible light region, and the intensity of visible light emission was enhanced by Nd-doping. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange solution. It is shown that doping of Nd into ZnO induces an increase of the photocatalytic activity and it attains to optimum at 3% (mole fraction) doping concentration. The intense visible light emission and the enhanced photocatalytic activity were explained by the increase in electron hole pairs and induced defects like antisite oxygen O_Zn and interstitial oxygen O_i, due to the doping of Nd.     

Synthesis and characteristics of large-scale ZnO rods by wet chemical method

The large-scale ZnO rods of submicrometer were prepared on the bare glass using a wet chemical method under different experimental parameters, such as the reactant concentration and the growth time. The microstructure of the ZnO rods was characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）, and the optical property was investigated by the room-temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectra. XRD and FESEM results show that the wurtzite structure and rod-like ZnO is obtained. The length （3-8 μm） and the diameter （400 nm- 3 μm） vary with the experimental parameters. A strong UV emission at 384 nm and a weak visible yellow-green emission around 570 nm are observed in the PL spectrum. After annealing at 600 ℃ in air, the UV peak intensity increases obviously and the yellow-green peak intensity decreases greatly. The near-band-edge UV emission is attributed to the exciton recombination; the yellow-green emission can be associated with the defect recombination; and some defect complexes may be responsible for the latter emission.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of ZnO-nanorod arrays

High density ZnO-nanorod arrays (rod length 1.59 μm) were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted solution-phase method using zinc chloride and ammonia solution as reactants. The influence of concentration of ammonia solution, work power, and microwave irradiation time on the morphology and size of final products was carefully investigated. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphologies of final products were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The as-synthesized ZnO is composed of single crystalline and possesses three photoluminescence emissions centered at 400, 469 and 534.5 nm, respectively.     

Effects of supply time of Ar gas current on structural properties of Au-catalyzed ZnO nanowires on silicon (1 0 0) grown by vapor–liquid–solid process

ZnO nanowires were grown on Au-coated Si (1 0 0) substrates by the method of vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth processing technique. The effects of supply time of Ar gas current on morphology and microstructure of Au-catalyzed ZnO nanowires were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the morphologies of ZnO nanostructures strongly depended on the time of flowing Ar gas. When the time of flowing Ar gas was 90 s, ZnO showed nanowires with hexagonal structure. Their diameters and lengths were 160 nm and 20 μm, respectively, on average, and the Raman scattering peak located at 438 cm⁻¹ reached maximum intensity. The results also showed that the ZnO growth could be patterned by controlling the initial position of Au-coated area on the Si substrates.     

Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by polymer assisted deposition method

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are synthesized onto glass substrates by employing simple and low cost solution based modified polymer assisted deposition (PAD) method. Trionx100 is used as a capping agent and zinc acetate as the zinc source. TritonX100 concentration is varied from 0.02 to 0.45 M for the synthesis of pure ZnO NPs. TG-DTA analysis was employed to determine the decomposition temperature of TritonX100 and zinc acetate, which lead to the formation of ZnO. The films were further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) exhibits the room temperature PL with two emission peaks, one corresponding to ZnO band edge emission and the other one to point defect states created due to oxygen deficiency. The first peak undergoes blue-shift due to change in NPs size while there is no shift in the second peak. Nevertheless, with increase in TritonX100 concentration the peak intensity of defect peak decreases, indicating that the highly pure NPs have been successfully synthesized by PAD method.     

KOH处理对ZnO纳米棒阵列结构及光电性能的影响(英文)

采用简单的化学沉积结合KOH碱刻蚀的方法,在导电玻璃(FTO)上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列(ZnONRs)。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电流—电压(I—V)曲线对所得样品的晶型、形貌及光电性能进行测试,结果表明:ZnONRs呈纤铅矿型;ZnONRs的形貌及光电性能与KOH的浓度及刻蚀时间密切相关,经0.1mol/LKOH刻蚀1h后可得到排列高度有序且分布均匀的ZnONRs;KOH刻蚀后的ZnONRs与未刻蚀前高密度的ZnONRs相比,其光学性能得到提高。0.1mol/LKOH刻蚀1h的ZnONRs作为太阳能电池的光阳极,其光电转换效率、短路电流、开路电压较未刻蚀的ZnONRs分别提高了0.71%、2.79mA和0.03V。     

Large-scale syntheses of uniform ZnO nanorods and ethanol gas sensors application

Uniform ZnO nanorods with a gram scale were prepared by a low temperature and solution-based method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the sample had uniform rod-like morphology with a narrow size distribution and highly crystallinity. Room-temperature PL spectra of these nanorods show an exciton emission around 382 nm and a negligible deep level emission, indicating the nanorods have high quality. The gas-sensing properties of the materials have been investigated. The results indicate that the as-prepared nanorods show much better sensitivity and stability. The n-type semiconductor gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity and fast response to ethanol gas at a work temperature of 400 °C. ZnO nanorods are excellent potential candidates for highly sensitive gas sensors and ultraviolet laser.     

Ag-TiO2纳米棒阵列的抗菌性和光催化性能研究

目的：制备一种高抗菌性和高光催化活性的Ag掺杂TiO2（Ag-TiO2）纳米棒阵列。方法通过磁控溅射与水热复合处理法,在钛箔片表面制备出Ag掺杂TiO2（Ag-TiO2）纳米棒阵列,酸化处理过的试样在500℃下煅烧2 h。采用X射线衍射（XRD）进行物相分析,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、场发射透射电子显微镜（TEM）、能量分散谱仪(EDS)观察试样的表面、截面形貌、微观结构和组成,并探究其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌性能和对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解能力。结果该工艺下制备的 Ag-TiO2纳米棒大小均匀,取向明显,主要由锐钛矿型 TiO2相组成。Ag-TiO2纳米棒对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有优异的杀菌效果,杀菌率几乎达到100%。Ag-TiO2纳米棒能有效地提高亚甲基蓝的降解率。结论磁控溅射与水热复合处理法在钛箔片表面成功制备出Ag-TiO2纳米棒阵列,此阵列具有优异的杀菌能力、高抗菌和光催化降解性能。     

Hydrothermal growth of well-aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays： Dependence of morphology upon hydrothermal reaction conditions

Well-aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNAs) were prepared on pretreated quartz substrates via hydrothermal method.The effect of the different preparation conditions on the growth morphologies of TNAs was systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).The photocatalytic properties were tested by photodegradation of a methyl blue solution.It is demonstrated that the hydrothermal reaction conditions,such as precursor concentration,hydrothermal reaction temperature,and hydrothermal reaction times,can greatly affect the growth of TNAs.Controlling the preparation process,TNAs with 2 μm in length and 140-170 nm in diameter and well-aligned orientation have been successfully prepared.The photocatalytic experiment results indicate that TNAs have much better photocatalytic activity than TiO2 nanoparticles.     

Low-temperature synthesis of novel ZnO nanowire microspheres on silicon substrates

Microspheres covered with ZnO nanowires were fabricated by oxidative evaporation of pure zinc powder without catalyst at 450℃. X-my diffraction （XRD） demonstrates that the as-obtained sample can be indexed to high crystaUinity with wurtzite structure. The structural features associated with different growth stages were monitored using scanning elec- tron microscope （SEM）, which described the direct observation nucleation and growth process. Meanwhile, room temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectrum showed a UV emission at -388 nm and a broad green emission at -505 nm. The ZnO nanowires with the self-catalyzed growth mechanism were discussed in detail.     

纤维素/ZnO复合膜的制备及其光催化性能

为克服纳米粉体光催化剂易团聚、难回收和容易引起二次污染等缺点,采用"一步"水热法在纤维素膜表面原位生长多孔球形微纳米ZnO颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重分析仪(TG)分析了纤维素/ZnO复合膜的微观形貌、组成、晶体结构、热稳定性以及ZnO的负载量;采用紫外-可见分光光度计根据亚甲基蓝溶液的降解测试其光催化活性。结果表明:该方法可成功实现纤维素膜对ZnO颗粒的负载,且当加热时间为12h时,负载的ZnO颗粒数量多分布均匀,且为多孔球状并呈典型的纤锌矿结构。在紫外光照射下,纤维素/ZnO复合膜具有优越的光催化性能,可用于降解染料等有机物;当ZnO负载量为6 mg时,3h内亚甲基蓝的催化效率为90%。     

不同衬底上纳米晶WO3薄膜的光致发光特性

以偏钨酸铵为钨源,聚乙二醇(PEG)为聚合物合成前驱体溶胶,分别在FTO导电玻璃、石英玻璃和石墨衬底制备WO3薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(LRS)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对薄膜进行结构表征,研究衬底和热处理温度对WO3薄膜光致发光性能的影响,并探讨二者对WO3薄膜光致发光性能的影响机制.结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,WO3薄膜光致发光性能显著提高;在相同热处理温度下,石墨衬底WO3薄膜具有最强的光致发光性能.     

Low-temperature synthesis and characterization of ZnO quantum dots

ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated at low temperature of 200 °C through thermal decomposition method with slight introduction of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The morphology, structure and optical properties were investigated by the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectrum, respectively. The XRD results showed the as-synthesized ZnO QDs had hexagonal wurtzite structure and the average grain size estimated from Scherrer formula was 7.5 nm which had a good agreement with TEM result. And it is evident that the introduction of SDS can actually decrease the grain size to form ZnO QDs. The Raman results also indicated that the ZnO QDs keep the overall crystal structure of the bulk ZnO. Both spatial confinement within the dot boundaries and phonon localization by defects were the mainly reason for the only few cm⁻¹ redshift of the Raman scatter peaks. The room-temperature photoluminescence reveals that the as-prepared ZnO QDs exhibit an ultraviolet emission at 380 nm and a broad deep level emission band in the range of 420–700 nm in wavelength, which testified the Raman and XRD results that the as-synthesized ZnO QDs had defects. Moreover, the growth mechanism of ZnO QDs was also discussed in the article.     

微波水热法合成花状纳米ZnO及其光催化活性(英文)

使用氯化锌和精氨酸作为反应物,通过简单的微波水热技术制备花状纳米氧化锌。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所合成的纳米氧化锌进行晶体结构和形貌的表征。通过拉曼光谱和光致发光(PL)光谱对纳米氧化锌的光学性能进行研究,证实了合成物为高结晶度的纳米氧化锌。在紫外光辐射下,合成的ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)有较好的效果,紫外光催化2h后亚甲基蓝的降解率达到95.60%。ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝可以描叙为一级动力学反应,降解速率常数在1.0675～1.6275h-1的范围中,这与所合成的ZnO形貌有关。     

氧化锌纳米棒束的制备、表征及性质研究

以水合醋酸锌和水合肼为反应物,在不使用任何表面活性剂的条件下,采用一种简单温和的液相法制备了氧化锌纳米棒束.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对所得产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,利用荧光光谱仪对产物的室温发光性质进行了测试.测试结果证明所得产物为定向排列的纳米棒自组装而成的尺寸均匀、结晶良好的氧化锌纳米棒束,单根纳米棒的直径20～30 nm,其相结构为六方纤锌矿氧化锌.所得产物在紫外区381 nm处具有一个尖锐的发光峰,在400～600 nm的可见光区域的发光被显著减弱,显示了优良的发光性质.