CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF A ZIRCONIUM-TITANIUM BASED PHOSPHONIC ACID CONVERSION COATING ON AA6061 ALUMINIUM ALLOY

The conversion coating was formed by dipping AA6061 in a fluorotitanate/zirconate acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid （ATMP） solution at room temperature. The formation process and the anti-corrosion performance of the conversion coating were investigated using electrochemical test and salt spray test （SST）, respectively. The electrochemical test shows that the Zr/Ti and ATMP coating improves the corrosion resistance of AA6061 as good as the chromate （VI） coating. But the results of SST show that the corrosion resistance of Zr/Ti and ATMP coating is not as good as the chromate （VI） coating. The corrosion area is less than 2% after 72 h.     

Salt spray corrosion test of micro-plasma oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti alloy

Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in NaAlO2 solution by micro-plasma oxidation (MPO). The salt spray teste of tne coated samples and the substrates were carried out in a salt spray test machine. The phase composition and surface morphology of the coatings were investigated by XRD and SEM. Severe corrosion occurred on the substrate surface, while there were no obvious corrosion phenomena on the coated samples. The coatings were composed of Al2TiO5 and a little α-Al2O3 and rutile TiO2, and the salt spray test did not change the composition of the coatings. The weight loss rate of the coatings decreased with increasing MPO time because of the increase in density and thickness of the coatings. The surface morphology of the coatings was influenced by salt spray corrosion test Among the coated samples, the coating prepared for 2 h has the best corrosion resistance under salt spray test.     

Preparation and property evaluation of electroless Ni-P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Taking a bath with basic nickel carbonate as the source of nickel, sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent and citric acid as the complexing agent, the N i-P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared. The influence of pH value of the bath on the content of phosphorus, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the deposits was examined. The XRD analysis results show that the Ni-P coatings plated under all conditions have a mixed microstructure of amorphous and nanocrystalline and undergo a phase transformation to crystalline nickel and nickel phosphide upon heat-treatment. The microhardness of the Ni-P coatings increases with the increase ofpH value of the bath and has a maximum at pH=6. The potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5%（mass fraction） NaCl solution reveals that the Ni-P coatings exhibit a very good corrosion resistance to protecting AZ91D magnesium alloy.     

Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 by 8-hydroxy-quinoline and its derivative in 3.5% chloride solution

The corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was studied in 3.5% NaCl solutinn with two fluorescence quinoline compounds named 8-hydroxy-quinoline（8HQ） and 8-hydroxy-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid（HQS）. The open circuit potential（OCP） test result indicates that both compounds change the alloy corrosion potential by adsorbing on the electrode surface. Polarization measurements show that 8HQ is a mixed type inhibitor by blocking the active sites of the metal surface, while HQS is a corrosion accelerator by activating the cathodic reaction. Changes of the impedance parameters in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） are related to the adsorption of 8HQ on the metal surface, which leads to the formation of a protective layer. The impedance diagram in the solution with HQS is similar to the one without additional organic compounds. The morphology and composition of the protective layer were studied by using SEM/EDS. The result confirms the function of the additions that the effect of 8HQ is due to the insoluble aluminum chelate, AI（HQ）3, to prevent adsorption of chloride ion, while the effect of HQS is to break down the oxide film.     

Corrosion behaviors of Cr-Al-N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering

CrN and Cr-Al-N coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate, and their corrosion behavior was studied. The electrochemical tests using both DC （polarization curves） and AC techniques （EIS） were carried out on Potentiostal/Galvanstat （EG＆G） in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution. After immersed into NaCl solution for 1 h, the mass of the CrN coating keeps constant with the time continuing. This can be explained by the passivation of the coating. The comparison between the corrosion potential （φcom） of the Cr-Al-N coatings with different aluminum contents reveals that the corrosion potentials of the aluminum contain coatings are nobler than that of the CrN coatings. This means that the addition of aluminum shifts the corrosion potential to more positive potential value. Among these coatings, CrN in NaCl solution exhibits the worst corrosion resistance, while the corrosion resistance of Cr0.63Al0.37N in NaCl solution is the best. The polarization data and EIS data suggest that addition of aluminum can improve the corrosion resistance of CrN coating.     

GALVANIC CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF GECM／LY12CZ COUPLES UNDER DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERIC EXPOSURE CONDITIONS

Galvanic, compatibility between graphite epoxy composite materials (GECM) and LY12CZ aluminum alloy was evaluated in different atmospheric corrosion environments and by laboratory electrochemical measurements. Open circuit potential electrochemical measurements showed a relatively large potential difference about 1 volt between the GECM and LY12CZ aluminum alloy, and this difference provided the driving force for galvanic corrosion of the LY12CZ aluminum alloy as an anode. Having been exposed for 1, 3 or 5 years in Beijing, Tuandao and Wanning station, GECM/LY12CZ couples showed significant losses of strength and elongation. Protective coatings and non-conductive barriers breaking the galvanic corrosion circuit were evaluated under the same atmospheric corrosive conditions. Epoxy primer paint, glass cloth barriers and LY12CZ anodizing were effective in galvanic corrosion control for GECM/LY12CZ couples.     

Microstructure of Nitrided Aluminum Alloys Using an Electron-Beam-Excited-Plasma （EBEP）

Nitriding of surface of aluminum alloys was carried out with using an electron-beam-excited-plasma (EBEP) technique. The EBEP is sustained by electron impact ionization with energetic electron beam. Two kinds of substrates,aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA5083, were exposed to the down flow of EBEP source at 843 K for 45min. The specimens were characterized with respect to following properties: crystallographic structure (XRD), morphology (SEM) and the cross sectional microstructures of the nitrided layer was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There are some Al2O3 particles on the surface of the nitrided AA5052 and AA5083. The AlN layers were formed on the substrates with the thickness of 4.5μm for AA5052 and 0.5μm for AA5083. A relatively uniform nitrided surface layer composed of AlN can be observed on the AA5052 substrate. The grains size near the interfaces between the substrate and AlN layer were smaller than that near the surface. On the surface of AlN layer, the concentration of nitrogen was high and in the middle of AlN layer it had a constant concentration like the aluminum and the concentration was decreased with approaching to the interface. On the surface of nitrided AA5083, a uniform AlN layer was not formed as the reason for the high nitriding temperature.     

Improvement of anticorrosion and adhesion to magnesium alloy by phosphate coating formed at room temperature

A new surface protection process was developed to magnesium alloy against corrosion in aggressive environments. Firstly, a phosphate coating was formed on rinsed magnesium alloy. Then, powder painting was carried out on the phosphated magnesium alloy. Surface morphologies and phase compositions of the phosphate coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that the phosphate coatings formed in bath containing earth additives at room temperature have dense and fine microstructure. The phosphate coating provides excellent paint adhesion to the magnesium alloy. Salt spray tests indicate that the corrosion resistance of the phosphate coating plus paint could meet the demand of magnesium alloy automobile components in aggressive environments.     

Experimental Research on 32Cr3Mo1V Substrate AntiMolten Aluminum Corrosion by Laser Treatment

Two types of layers were prepared by means of laser surface alloying process using High-power Transverse Flow CO2 laser beam with different additions,which were pure Cr powder and Co alloy powder on the 32Cr3Mo1V substrate.The unique characters of laser treatments,such as microstructure,distribution of elements,and micro-hardness were studies in thorough;furthermore,the abilities anti-molten aluminum’s corroding of the layers were tested in 700 centigrade molten aluminum.The results indicate that both laser treated layers can enforce the ability anti-corroding of the molten aluminum on 32Cr3Mo1V substrate,while the laser alloying layer with Cr powder shows the most advantage of anti-aluminum corrosion character,i.e.the layer does not be corroded at all in the corrosion experiment.And the diffused thickness of aluminum in the layers by laser alloying process with Co powder is half below that of in the 32Cr3Mo1V substrate.     

Micro-arc oxidation coatings on Mg-Li alloys

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was used for the surface modification of an Mg-5wt.%Li alloy. Ceramic coatings were in-situ fabricated on the Mg-Li alloy. The morphology feature,phase composition,and corrosion-resistance of the formed ceramic coatings were studied by SEM,XRD,and electrochemical methods,respectively. The results showed that the coatings produced in a sodium silicate solution system were composed of MgO and Mg2SiO4. The ceramic coating became thicker and the content of Mg2SiO4 phase increase...     

Titanium-zirconium-phosphonate hybrid film on 6061 aluminum alloy

Three titanium-zirconium-phosphonate hybrid films were formed on AA6061 aluminum alloy by immersing in fluorotitanic acid and fluorozirconic acid based solution containing different phosphonic acids for protective coatings of aluminium alloy.The corrosion resistance of three hybrid films as the substitute for chromate film were evaluated and compared.The neutral salt spray test was explored,the immersion test was conducted and electrochemical test was also executed.The hybrid films exhibited well-pleasing c...     

海洋环境中铝合金表面改性涂层的电化学性能

目的对换热管用6061铝合金表面进行改性防护,研究一种在其表面具有牺牲性阳极保护效果且腐蚀速率小的涂层材料。方法采用线材火焰喷涂工艺在6061铝合金表面制备不同成分的锌铝涂层,分别为纯Zn、Zn50、Al95、Al、Al-RE共5种涂层,使用SEM、EDS、XRD分析测试方法对涂层形貌及成分进行分析,并测定涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的Tafel曲线。结果相同参数下在铝合金表面制备的涂层表观质量良好,无明显缺陷,符合热喷涂对于涂层质量的要求。常温环境下,Zn、Zn50、Al95、Al、Al-RE涂层的电位比6061铝合金的电位更负,5种涂层对6061铝合金都具有阳极性保护层的作用。结论从腐蚀电流和腐蚀电位考虑,Al95、Al-RE作为牺牲性阳极保护涂层的作用会更好。     

Structural and electrochemical performance of sputtered Al–Ce films on AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates

In this work, sputtered Al–Ce films were studied in order to evaluate their possible application as coatings to delay pitting corrosion of aluminum alloy substrates. The morphology and structure of the coatings deposited on both silicon and AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates were studied by varying the magnetron sputtering conditions. The preliminary electrochemical performance was also discussed by means of Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the microstructure varied from crystalline to amorphous, depending on the deposition parameters. The AFM images show that the films consist of equi-axial round domes distributed homogeneously. The mean grain size, roughness and thickness of the coatings were increased by augmenting the power and pressure. The EIS studies showed that there was a significant increase in the resistance to corrosion after depositing Al–Ce films on AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. The electrochemical behavior of the films was related to the Ce/Al composition ratio as well as process parameters.     

水热预处理对铝合金表面ZnAl-LDHs涂层防腐蚀性能的影响

目的提高表面ZnAl-LDHs涂层对铝合金的防腐蚀保护性能。方法首先将6061铝合金放入水热反应釜中,加入去离子水,在120℃温度下水热反应30 min。将经过水热预处理的铝合金分别放入50、80℃的0.005 mol/L的Zn(NO3)2溶液中浸泡4 h,在铝合金表面制备出ZnAl-LDHs涂层。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、EIS和极化曲线等技术,分析不同制备条件下,铝合金表面ZnAl-LDHs层的形貌、结构及其对铝合金的防腐蚀保护性能。结果水热预处理后,铝合金表面形成Al(OH)3和AlO(OH)混合层,在其上生长形成的ZnAl-LDHs涂层具有较优的层状结构、较高的结晶度和更加细小致密的纳米片。电化学阻抗和极化曲线的测试结果表明,表面ZnAl-LDHs层可以降低6061铝合金的腐蚀电流密度,提高腐蚀电位和电化学阻抗。水热预处理后的铝合金在80℃溶液中形成的ZnAl-LDHs层,其自腐蚀电流密度(J(corr))仅有0.018μA/cm^2,比未水热处理的铝合金上获得的ZnAl-LDHs层(0.101μA/cm^2)更低,在50℃溶液中形成的ZnAl-LDHs层也观察到相同的现象。结论通过水热预处理可在6061铝合金表面形成Al(OH)3和AlO(OH)混合层,将其作为ZnAl-LDHs层原位生长的前驱体,可以促进ZnAl-LDHs的结晶形核,提高其形核率,使ZnAl-LDHs层的纳米片更细小致密,从而使ZnAl-LDHs层对铝合金具有更好的防腐蚀保护性能。     

Structural investigation of the zirconium-titanium based amino trimethylene phosphonate hybrid coating on aluminum alloy

A zirconium-titanium based amino trimethylene phosphonate hybrid coating on AA6061 aluminum alloys was formed by dipping in a fluorotitanate/zirconate acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) solution for improving the lacquer adhesion and corrosion resistance as a substitute of chromate coatings. The morphol-ogy and structure of the hybrid coating were studied by means of scanning electror microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface compositior and structure characteristics were also investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of SEM and AFM show that the hybrid coating present piece particle distrib-ution which is much denser than that of the zirconium-titanium coating. The results of XPS and FTIR indicate that the hybrid coating is a hybrid composite structure composed of both the zirconium-titanium and amino trimethylene phosphonate coat-ings.     

微弧氧化-溶胶凝胶复合表面技术改善铝合金的耐腐蚀性能

通过微弧氧化-溶胶凝胶复合表面处理技术来提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性能,分析了多层凝胶层对6061铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和电化学分析等方法对膜层的表面形貌、化学组成、结构以及耐腐蚀性能进行了表征。研究表明：TiO2溶胶渗入微弧氧化陶瓷膜的微孔以及裂纹中,能有效阻挡腐蚀介质的扩散和渗透;复合处理后的试样较仅微弧氧化处理更平滑、致密;膜层除了γ-Al2O3相外,经高温退火处理后出现TiO2锐钛矿,并形成较好的晶相结构;在3.5%NaCl溶液中的室温电化学行为中,复合处理较微弧氧化处理后的试样自腐蚀电位上升最高约400 mV,自腐蚀电流密度最高减小约3个数量级,极化电阻明显增大;随着凝胶层厚度的增加耐腐蚀性能逐渐增强,但当凝胶层数大于4时,膜层龟裂现象严重,并导致耐腐蚀性能开始下滑。     

Corrosion Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminum and HT590 Steel

Corrosion properties of dissimilar friction stir welded 6061 aluminum and HT590 steel were investigated to understand effects of galvanic corrosion. As cathode when coupled, HT590 was cathodically protected. However, the passivation of AA6061 made the aluminum alloy cathode temporarily, which leaded to corrosion of HT590. From the EIS analysis showing Warburg diffusion plot in Nyquist plots, it can be inferred that the stable passivation layer was formed on AA6061. However, the weld as well as HT590 did not show Warburg diffusion plot in Nyquist plots, suggesting that there was no barrier for corrosion or even if it exists, the barrier had no function for preventing and/or retarding charge transport through the passivation layer. The open circuit potential measurements showed that the potential of the weld was similar to that of HT590, which lied in the pitting region for AA6061, making the aluminum alloy part of the weld keep corrosion state. That resulted in the cracked oxide film on AA6061 of the weld, which could not play a role of corrosion barrier.     

Nanostructured surface pre‐treatment based on self‐assembled molecules for corrosion protection of Alclad 7475‐T761 aluminum alloy

Coatings based on self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) for corrosion protection of aircraft aluminum alloys have been studied to evaluate their potentialities as replacements to yellow chromate conversion coatings (CCC), due to the toxicity of these leading to environmental problems. In this work, the influence of alkane diphosphonates self‐assembling molecules on the corrosion resistance of the AA7475‐T761 cladded with AA7072 was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cathodic and anodic polarization curves, in naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution, with pH adjusted to 4. Corrosion accelerated experiments (salt spray tests) were also carried out to examine the resistance of the SAM treated samples against corrosion. The results suggested that the development of boehmite (aluminum oxide) layer with incorporation of SAM was beneficial to the corrosion resistance of the tested aluminum alloy. Samples surface treated with SAM or aluminum oxide/SAM (without and with subsequent polyester layer) showed better corrosion resistance results than samples with CCC, indicating that this last type of coating containing hexavalent chromium could be replaced by the environmentally friendly pre‐treatment corresponding to boehmite growth followed by incorporation of SAM.     

2A12 铝合金硬质阳 极氧化及膜层性能研究

目的对混合酸电解液体系中2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜层的制备及性能进行研究。方法采用以硫酸为主的混合酸电解液体系,对2A12铝合金进行硬质阳极氧化,研究混合酸电解液主要成分对2A12硬质阳极氧化膜层性能的作用和影响。结果在硫酸的溶解、有机酸吸附以及添加剂的耦合作用下,混和酸电解液避免了2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜制备过程中存在的烧蚀现象,膜层平均硬度达到400HV0.05以上。WX添加剂能够明显改善2A12铝合金硬氧化膜层的耐蚀性能,经过168 h的中性盐雾试验,仅出现了5%的白霜,但与相同厚度的7A04铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜层相比,耐蚀性较差。结论建议制备有耐蚀性要求的硬质阳极氧化膜层时选用铜含量较低的铝合金材料。     

海洋工程用结构铝合金无铬化学转化膜耐腐蚀及涂装配套性能

为改善服役于海洋环境下的结构铝合金的耐腐蚀性及其与底漆的配套性能,在两种典型海洋工程用结构铝合金(5083-H116和6061-T6)基体上制备了一种无铬钛/锆基化学转化膜———Alum-nanoceramic coating。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对膜层形貌及组成进行了表征,通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了膜层的电化学性能,利用中性盐雾试验及胶带剥离试验分别对膜层耐蚀性及其与环氧厚浆底漆的配套性进行了考察。结果表明:5083和6061铝合金Alum-nanoceramic无铬化学转化膜中性盐雾试验白锈面积达到5%所需时间分别为240h和168h;5083铝合金Alum-nanoceramic膜层比后者显示出更好的与环氧厚浆底漆的配套性能。