一种可细化晶粒提高中碳铬镍钼(钒)钢强韧性的正火工艺

针对某些锻件经调质热处理后,出现晶粒粒大,强度或冲击韧性低于技术条件要求等问题,探索出在调质热处理前增加“高温正火+快速加热正火”工序的方法,较好解决了这一生产难题。     

600MW汽轮机组铸钢件高压外缸上、下半的热处理

600MW 汽轮机组高压外缸上、下半铸铜件系属压力容器零件,设计要求的技术条件是比较高的,目前国内运转的机组是由国外引进的。为填补我国机械工业生产中的空白,我厂承接了这一光荣而艰巨的任务。本文叙述了我厂对600MW“高压外缸”铸钢件热处理工艺的研制、生产及其结果。研制热处理工艺过程中的主要依据是:1. 订贷单位提供的技术条件和工艺参数。2. 参考日本的有关资料。3. 结合我厂已生产的200MW、300MW 高、中压外缸上、下半及12500t 热模锻压力机滑块等铸钢件的热处理实践经验。4. 做了各种有关试验及热处理工艺的模拟,取得了600MW“高压外缸”铸件热处理工艺的各项数据,从而编制出了正确的热处理工艺规程。最后,经过生产实践,各项技术指标均达到了设计要求,取得了600MW汽轮机组高压外缸上、下半热处理的成功。     

我国热处理装备制造业现状及出路的讨论

全国热处理学会于2006年5月在南京主办了第4届全国热处理活动周，同时举办了“我国热处理装备发展战略”的论坛。论坛由全国热处理学会常务理事水洪女士主持，中国工程院院士、上海交通大学潘健生教授作主题发言，70多位会员参加了这次战略论坛。在论坛中，气氛热烈，发言踊跃，会员们围绕我国热处理行业如何适应制造业的快速发展和自主创新性的要求、当前我国热处理装备所面临的问题、发展出路和如何构造我国热处理装备业的创新体系等主题，充分发表了自己的看法和建议。     

整体热处理快速加热

一前言快速加热热处理早就为人们所熟知,近年来由于节能的要求,快速加热热处理的研究又提到了更新的高度。近些年,激光、电子束等新技术开始运用于热处理,热处理的加热速度已经提高到每秒钟数万度的水平。这就突破了热处理需要缓慢加热的种种传统思想,从而给热处理     

“更精、更省、更净”，实现金属热处理的可持续发展

对第八次全国热处理大会的主题“先进的材料热处理——更精、更省、更净”作了评述，分析了我国当前金属热处理技术的现状及存在问题；根据可持续发展战略的要求，指出了热处理技术的发展方向。     

关于开展宣贯国家强制性标准“金属热处理生产过程安全卫生要求”暨热处理企业安全生产审核员培训及认证的通知

按照“GB15735金属热处理生产过程安全卫生要求”国家强制性标准的要求，热处理人员必须经安全、卫生知识培训和考核，合格后方可上岗。为了促进热处理企业的安全生产，帮助企业通过内部培训，按标准要求使热处理操作人员持证上岗，全国热处理标准化技术委员会、全国热处理学会、国家热处理生产力促进中心决定联合定期开展热处理企业安全生产审核员培训及认证工作。     

热处理的质量管理

一、热处理质量管理的含义所谓质量管理,是指“为经济地制造出质量符合买主要求的产品而采用的手段体系”。因而热处理质量管理,就是指“为经济地加工热处理产品所进行的系统活动,此产品应具备顾客要求的、且满足购买的性质和性能”。换句话说,热处理质量管理就在于如何组织生产对顾客真正具有魅力的热处理产品。其具体内容如下。     

双埋式涂层石墨起动盐浴炉

内热式盐浴炉是工模具热处理的主要设备。但盐浴炉用金属辅助电极溶化固态盐，起动时间长，劳动强度大，热效率低。在非工作时间用变压器低档保温，浪费大量能源。我国热处理工作者近年来应用探索了不少起动新技术，主要有“盐碴起动法”，“自激起动法”，“工业电压击穿法”，“它击起动法”等，但这些方法要求有一定的操作经验，可靠性较低。过高提高电压，甚至用工业电压启动盐浴炉不符合安全要求。此外这些方法对主电极一般有特殊要求，如普遍采用近距离马蹄形电极，近距离角形电极等，结构复杂。这些缺点正是“快速起动技术”十几年来…     

非平衡态热处理变形镁合金的组织与力学性能研究

对比研究了电刺激处理和快速热处理(非平衡态热处理技术)对冷轧态AZ31镁合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:两种非平衡态处理技术均能在低温下实现镁合金的快速完全再结晶.电刺激处理和快速热处理有效地提高了合金伸长率,牺牲了部分抗拉强度.与快速热处理相比,电刺激处理引起的非热效应产生了一个附加的再结晶驱动力,增大了再结晶总驱动力,导致再结晶晶粒尺寸及分布更均匀,使得电刺激处理对镁合金伸长率的提高效果更明显.     

关于召开“国防科技工业铸、锻、焊、热处理工艺技术创新交流会”的通知

依据国家“十五”发展规划 ,为促进国防科技工业先进制造技术创新及装备的发展 ,加强热加工技术交流与合作 ,国防科技工业科技成果推广转化研究中心与《新技术新工艺》杂志社 ,将于 2 0 0 3年 9月 2～ 5日在青岛召开“国防科技工业铸、锻、焊、热处理工艺技术创新交流会”。会议主要内容 :1 .现代新产品开发及快速成型技术及装备。2 .现代激光、等离子、电子束等加工技术和设备等。3.现代无损检测、红外检测、材料测试技术及试验设备。4 .金属表面强化处理技术及设备。5 .保护气氛、可控气氛、真空热处理及感应加热技术。6 .热处理质量控制…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).