硬质合金表面多弧离子镀(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N多元氮化物膜

采用Ti-Al-Zr合金靶和Cr靶,用多弧离子镀技术在WC-8%Co硬质合金基体上沉积(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N多元氮化物膜。分析了薄膜的成分、形貌、粗糙度和结构,研究了薄膜的显微硬度、膜/基结合力和抗高温氧化性能。结果表明,获得的多元氮化物膜仍是B1-NaCl型TiN面心立方结构;适当控制偏压条件可以改善薄膜的表面形貌;在不同的偏压条件下,(Al+Zr+Cr)/(Ti+Al+Zr+Cr)的成分比为0.41～0.43,当其比值趋于0.4时,薄膜的显微硬度和膜/基结合力达到最大值3600HV0.01和200N;同时薄膜的抗高温氧化性能提高,最高温度可达700℃左右。     

溅射技术对TiN涂层结构和力学性能的影响

目的 沉积条件对Ti N涂层的组织结构和力学性能有着至关重要的影响,而溅射技术又决定了涂层的沉积条件,探究不同溅射技术对Ti N涂层的微观组织结构和性能的影响,提高Ti N涂层的力学性能和高温摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用不同的溅射技术(dcMS、Hi PMS、Hybrid)在M2高速钢表面沉积Ti N涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、sin²ψ法、纳米压痕仪、洛氏压痕法、划痕法和CSM球盘式摩擦试验机分别测试了Ti N涂层的组织结构特征、沉积速率、残余应力、纳米硬度、膜基结合力和高温摩擦磨损性能。结果 不同溅射技术制备的Ti N涂层均为柱状晶结构和Ti N (111)择优取向。HiPIMS-TiN涂层具有最高的纳米硬度(29.7GPa)和最低的膜基结合力(HF2),而Hybrid-TiN涂层呈现出最小的残余应力、高沉积速率和高膜基结合力,其膜基结合力达到HF1级,临界载荷(Lc2)达到82.5 N。不同溅射技术制备的Ti N涂层的摩擦因数均随着温度的升高而降低,在500℃时,Ti N涂层的摩擦因数约为0.53。Ti N涂层的磨损率随着温度的升...     

不锈钢316L氮化/(Cr,Ti)N涂层原位复合制备

目的研究不同复合涂层的结构及其对力学性能的影响。方法采用等离子体增强磁控溅射系统在奥氏体不锈钢表面分别进行等离子体氮化、(Cr,Ti)N涂层、氮化+(Cr,Ti)N涂层、氮化+Cr+(Cr,Ti)N涂层四种复合表面强化处理。采用XRD、SEM、纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损仪和划痕仪等分别研究了不同改性层对微观结构以及力学性能的影响。结果氮化后,形成了较高含氮量的过饱和固溶体相(γN),并伴有少量Cr_2N和Fe_2N析出,硬度及杨氏模量分别为18.3 GPa、264.7 GPa。氮化后原位沉积涂层有效避免了氮化物相的析出,过饱和氮原子向基体进一步扩散,增加了氮化层的深度。两种氮化后复合(Cr,Ti)N涂层的硬度和模量均高于单一的(Cr,Ti)N涂层(分别为20.2GPa和271.8GPa),其中氮化+(Cr,Ti)N涂层的硬度和模量均最高(分别为25.4 GPa和345.6 GPa),氮化+Cr+(Cr,Ti)N涂层次之(22.4 GPa和326.3 GPa)。由于氮化层起到了良好的梯度过渡作用,氮化+(Cr,Ti)N涂层的膜基结合力最高,从单一涂层的9.5 N提高到50.9 N,其摩擦系数降低到0.43,磨损量最低,仅为基体的0.66%。结论氮化+(Cr,Ti)N复合涂层的力学性能最佳。     

H13表面TiAlN/CrAlN复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用真空电弧离子镀工艺在H13钢表面制备Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层,利用划痕试验仪、盘式摩擦磨损试验机、金相显微镜和努氏硬度计分析Ti Al N/Cr Al N膜层的结合力和摩擦学性能,金相组织形貌和试样表面的显微硬度。结果表明,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合薄膜表面组织分布均匀,结合致密,涂层与基体间的结合力是影响涂层承载能力的主要因素之一,Ti Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能优于H13基体和Cr Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层的结合力分别为35 N和24 N,沉积有Ti Al N涂层试样表面摩擦系数最小,减摩效果最好,耐磨性能优越,并能有效地抵抗摩擦磨损。     

锆合金表面渗氮层对TiAlN涂层结合力的影响

对锆合金基材表面分别进行离子渗氮和气体氮碳共渗,然后采用多弧离子镀技术在锆合金渗氮层表面制备Ti Al N涂层,并与锆合金基材表面直接制备的Ti Al N涂层进行对比,研究渗氮层对涂层结合力的影响。用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦磨损试验;用显微硬度计测试显微硬度;用洛氏硬度计进行压痕试验;用划痕仪测试膜基结合力。试验结果表明:锆合金经过渗氮处理其表面摩擦因数保持稳定;表面硬度和膜基结合力均有所提升,且气体氮碳共渗后的表面硬度和膜基结合力比离子渗氮略高。     

高速钢表面多弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N薄膜及性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在W18Cr4V表面制备出（Ti，Al）N硬质薄膜，研究了Al含量对（Ti，Al）N薄膜的形貌、硬度、膜基结合力、耐磨性、摩擦系数的影响。并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对薄膜进行了分析。结果表明Al含量在25％左右的（Ti，Al）N薄膜硬度达到2780HV0．05，耐磨性好，摩擦系数仅为0．168，且与钢基体结合良好．具有最佳的综合性能。     

中频对靶磁控溅射合成TiN/Ti多层膜

利用新型中频对靶磁控溅射技术合成了一系列TiN／Ti多层膜．考察了不同Ti间隔层对多层膜硬度和结合力的影响，分析了膜表面大颗粒和坑的形成机理；利用正交实验法和方差分析探讨了靶电流、气体压力和基体偏压对薄膜表面缺陷密度的影响，对工艺参数进行了优化．结果表明，靶电流对缺陷密度的影响最大，气体压力次之，基体偏压对缺陷密度影响最小；当靶电流I=20A、气体压力ρ（Ar＋N2）=0．31Pa、基体偏压Vbias=-16m--300V和Ti间隔层厚度x-=0．12μm时，制备出硬度HV0．2N=2250、膜基间结合力（临界载荷）Lc=48N和表面缺陷密度ρs=58mm^-2的高质量TiN／Ti多层膜．     

Ti层对316L不锈钢表面TiB2薄膜结合力的影晌

基于多层膜优异的力学性能,采用磁控溅射法在316L不锈钢基体表面沉淀[Ti／TiB2]。（n=1,2,3）多层膜以增强TiB2薄膜的膜基结合强度。研究周期数对多层膜的结构、硬度及结合力的影响。结果表明：TiB：单层膜表现为（001）方向的织构。随着周期数的增加,多层膜的织构方向由（001）转变为（100）;多层膜的硬度从20GPa增加到26GPa,但略低于TiB2单层膜的硬度（33GPa）;相对于单膜的膜基结合力（9．5N）,多层膜表现出较好膜基结合力,最大结合力可达24N。     

电弧离子镀电磁线圈电压对TiAlN涂层结构及性能的影响

目的 揭示电弧离子镀过程中,电磁和永磁复合磁场耦合作用下电磁线圈偏压对TiAlN涂层结构及性能的作用规律,优化TiAlN涂层制备工艺。方法 采用电弧离子镀技术在M2高速钢基体表面沉积高Al含量Ti0.33Al0.67N涂层（TiAl靶,原子数分数,Ti∶Al=1∶2）。改变电磁线圈电压,研究涂层微观组织结构、表面粗糙度、硬度、膜/基结合力和耐磨性的变化规律。结果 在15~45 V范围内,电磁线圈电压小于30 V时,Ti0.33Al0.67N涂层内部致密;线圈电压大于30 V时,涂层内部变得疏松。线圈电压为15 V时,TiAlN涂层表面粗糙度最小,为0.2 μm。随着线圈电压升高,Ti0.33Al0.67N涂层硬度增大,线圈电压为45 V时,Ti0.33Al0.67N涂层硬度达到最大,为3866HV0.025。随着线圈电压的升高,Ti0.33Al0.67N涂层膜/基结合力及耐磨性先增加后减小,线圈电压为15 V时,结合力最高,为95.4 N,磨损率达到最低,为1.62×10-15 m3/(N?m)。结论 在线圈电压较小时,随着电压的升高,作用于阴极靶材的磁场强度增加,阴极弧斑速度加快,每个弧光点维持时间缩短,能量降低,离化率升高,溅射出的液滴数量减少,涂层结构致密,粗糙度降低,硬度和耐磨性能升高;随着线圈电压进一步升高,磁场强度继续增大,弧斑运动受到的磁性束缚力增大,弧斑运动半径向靶材中心收缩,作用于固定位置的弧光累计时间更长,离化率降低,液滴增多,涂层综合性能下降。     

Ti基与Cr基氮化物涂层的抗氧化性能

选用TiN,TiAlN,CrN和CrAlN 4种涂层材料,使用电阻炉对试样加热并保温,进行抗氧化性能实验,利用SEM、EDS和XRD获得了氧化结果。结果表明:Ti基涂层的氧化机制以O原子向涂层内部扩散为主;Cr基涂层的抗氧化机制为N原子和Cr离子向涂层表面的扩散所形成的微孔诱发的氧化;Cr基涂层比Ti基涂层具有较好的抗氧化性;Al的加入使得TiAlN与CrAlN涂层的氧化性能和高温后硬度提高,特别是CrAlN氧化后生成的致密Cr2O3和Al2O3混合氧化物使其抗氧化性能达到最优;氧化及涂层与基体的热涨失配使得几类涂层最终开裂失效;四种涂层的抗氧化能力为CrAlN>TiAlN>CrN>TiN。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.