机床热变形及热误差优化研究

为减少热变形对精密加工精度影响,对夏冬两季节机床主轴箱上温升和热变形及环境温度的影响进行了测试分析,并采用BP神经网络模型化的Volterra级数非线性系统实现热误差建模。分析结果表明：夏天环境温度受主轴箱散热影响而温度迅速升高;冬季机床散热较快,主轴箱上温升比较明显,环境温度几乎不变;同一台机床在夏季和冬季的热变形规律相似而变形量稍有不同。通过实验验证了该模型具有预测精度高的优点,为数控机床热误差实时补偿提供了参考。     

精密卧式加工中心主轴轴向热误差补偿方法

热误差是精密机床最主要的误差源之一。主轴是机床的关键部件,其热误差直接影响机床的加工精度。文章以某型号精密卧式加工中心主轴为对象,对其温度场和热变形进行了仿真分析。根据仿真结果发现主轴轴向热变形更严重,并结合机床结构确定温度传感器布置位置。在此基础上,对不同转速下主轴部分位置温度和轴向热误差进行现场测试。运用最小二乘法建立热误差补偿模型,直接结合机床FANUC数控系统实施主轴轴向热误差补偿。经实验验证,补偿后主轴轴向热误差减小了85%以上。     

精密主轴热变形误差的实验研究

主轴是机床的关键部件,其热变形误差是影响精密机床工作精度的主要因素之一。文章对镗床主轴的不同热变形误差形式及对加工精度的影响进行了讨论。依据ISO和ASME标准建立某型号精密卧式坐标镗床热变形误差的测试环境,采用高精度测试系统对其主轴进行温度和热变形误差的实验测试与分析。结果表明,主轴热变形误差严重影响机床加工精度,主轴转速影响其达到热平衡的时间及热误差大小,需采取有效措施对热变形误差进行补偿,优化热结构,进一步提高机床加工精度。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的数控车床主轴系统热-结构耦合分析

在有限元法与热应力学分析基础上,建立数控车床主轴系统的有限元模型,计算主轴系统热特性分析的边界条件.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench对主轴系统进行热-结构耦合分析,得到主轴系统的温度场分布和热变形,通过实验验证模型的正确性.同时计算不同主轴转速对主轴系统温升及热变形的影响,分析结果为主轴系统的优化设计及误差补偿提供了一定的依据.     

卧式数控机床主轴系统热特性测试及研究

数控机床主轴系统的热特性成为影响机床加工精度的主要因素之一,有必要对数控机床主轴系统的热特性进行相关的研究。以AH130卧式镗铣床为研究对象,分析了数控机床的热变形机理,对数控机床热变形进行了描述,构建了机床主轴热特性测试实验,利用FLIR红外热像仪测温技术、激光三角测距技术测得机床主轴箱温度场分布以及主轴热变形。实验研究发现,主轴上越靠近主轴后部其温升越快,并且主轴Z方向的伸长量大于X、Y方向的变形量,研究工作对数控机床主轴系统的优化设计以及进一步热分析提供了有效的支持。     

高速数控车床主轴变工况温升特性研究

为了定量评价和分析高速数控车床在不同运行工况下的主轴温升特性,以某高速数控车床主轴系统为研究对象,在分析主轴系统热源基础上,考虑实际工况参数对主轴系统温升影响,设计了空转条件和切削条件下的工况参数表,利用正交实验法对各工况参数进行组合,然后运用ANSYS Workbench15.0进行热稳态分析,得到不同工况下主轴系统的温度场分布情况;在此基础上,采用了多元线性回归的方法建立变工况参数与车床主轴系统达到热平衡时最高温升的预测模型,并对模型进行了验证,结果表明主轴系统温度真实值与预测值的误差在0℃~2.5℃范围内,所以预测模型具有很高的预测精度。此模型为车床主轴系统温升特性评估、工程实践中工艺参数的合理确定和热误差补偿提供依据。     

高速高精密立式加工中心主轴热态特性分析北大核心

主轴的热特性是影响机床加工精度的主要因素之一,文章针对某高速高精密立式加工中心主轴首先进行三维模型构建,分析其主要热源并确定热边界条件,然后采用有限元方法进行温度场和热—结构耦合分析,得到主轴温度场和热变形分布图,最后分析了冷却液流量对主轴热特性的影响。结果表明:主轴达到热平衡时,最高温升为7.9℃,总变形量为22.6μm,且当冷却液流量为4.5L/min时,主轴热特性最佳,该结果为后续的立式加工中心主轴结构优化设计及热误差补偿奠定了基础。     

模糊神经网络在精密卧式加工中心热误差的预测

为了提高精密数控机床的加工精度,减少精密机床的热误差,文章提出了模糊神经网络径向热误差的建模方法。以数控加工中心关键点的温度和主轴径向的热变形量的关系为基础,应用模糊神经网络建模法,采用精密卧式加工中心主轴径向热误差的数据,对机床主轴热误差进行建模与预报。从数控机床主轴建模试验结果分析表明,模糊神经网络预测模型能够较为精准的对机床主轴径向热误差的做出预测,在实际应用中有利于提高机床的补偿精度,对数控机床热误差补偿提供参照。     

基于热-结构耦合模型的高速电主轴温升特性分析与实验研究

为解决热变形对主轴寿命及加工精度的影响,对高速电主轴的温升特性进行研究。首先建立了电主轴的热 结构耦合模型,然后利用ANSYS软件进行热态模拟,分析稳态温度场的分布以及电主轴的热变形情况,最后探讨了主轴转速与切削力的变化对电主轴温度的影响。研究结果表明：所用方法可有效模拟电主轴工作过程中温度场分布以及热变形,仿真与实验结果基本一致,为电主轴温度控制提供参考。     

基于热-结构耦合模型的高速电主轴温升特性分析与实验研究（英文）

为解决热变形对主轴寿命及加工精度的影响,对高速电主轴的温升特性进行研究。首先建立了电主轴的热-结构耦合模型,然后利用ANSYS软件进行热态模拟,分析稳态温度场的分布以及电主轴的热变形情况,最后探讨了主轴转速与切削力的变化对电主轴温度的影响。研究结果表明:所用方法可有效模拟电主轴工作过程中温度场分布以及热变形,仿真与实验结果基本一致,为电主轴温度控制提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.