基于触觉传感遥控焊接遥示教防碰撞控制策略

在遥控焊接遥示教过程中,为避免遥控焊接从机器人和焊接工件产生强烈碰撞,通过对遥控焊接触觉系统的从机器人与焊接环境接触力分析,在接触力PID控制模型基础上,提出了遥控焊接柔性力接触控制策略.包括遥控焊接接触力分段控制策略、异常情况的接触力稳定性监控决策算法、任务自适应仿人智能算法.结果表明,和常规PID控制器比较,采用接触力柔性接触控制策略,能够明显减小接触力振荡幅值, 缩短接触力稳定时间,提高了遥控焊接遥示教从机器人与焊接工件之间力交互作用下的操作性能.     

分布式驱动电动汽车动力转向系统切换控制及其操纵稳定性试验（英文）

动力转向系统对电动汽车的设计与装配具有重要的影响。动力转向系统具有典型的不确定性、未建模动态、测量噪声和干扰等非线性动力学特征,是包含离散事件与连续事件的混杂动力学系统。分析了分布式驱动电动汽车动力转向系统的控制结构、控制功能及其动力学行为,建立了反映连续和离散控制行为的混杂控制系统模型;建立了动力转向系统的切换控制结构,进行了20 km/h和40 km/h下的蛇形实验。结果表明:在20 km/h下,转向系统转矩的峰值和平均值分别降低了40.93%和40.99%;在40 km/h下,转向系统转矩的峰值和平均值分别降低了31.11%和32.12%,转向轻便性得到明显改善。不仅改善了动力转向系统的鲁棒性能,而且对电动汽车控制性能的改善、性能的优化及安全性能的提高都具有重要的实用价值。     

基于抗蛇行减振器动态模型的高速列车曲线通过性能研究

为解决传统油压减振器模型不能反映其动态特性对高速列车动力学性能影响的问题,运用Simulink仿真软件建立了一种包含压力缸、常通孔、储油缸、回油阀、卸荷阀的抗蛇行减振器动态模型。结合动力学仿真软件SIMPACK,分析了时速350 km/h动车组曲线通过性能。结果表明:相比传统分段线性模型,采用抗蛇行减振器动态模型计算的阻尼力涵盖了黏性阻尼力和油液被压缩产生的回复力,仿真计算的示功图与试验结果吻合良好,能够准确描述抗蛇行减振器动态行为过程。动力学联合仿真结果表明:增大曲线外轨超高度和曲线半径均能有效提高列车在曲线上的蛇行失稳临界速度;列车运行速度一旦超过曲线路段所对应的临界速度,其脱轨系数、倾覆系数和磨耗指数均会急剧增大,严重影响行车安全;时速350 km/h动车组的蛇行失稳临界速度在半径分别为3 000、5 000、7 000 m的曲线上分别为220～260 km/h、280～340 km/h、335～400 km/h。     

铁路车辆铸钢件酯硬化水玻璃砂工艺设计

我们公司作为中国铁路货车技术的主导企业,铁路第六次大提速对铁路货车来讲是提速与重载并举和客货混跑的形势下全面实施的.货车速度由70～80 km/h一步提高到120km/h,列车编组由3500～3700 t提高到5000～5500 t,在某些专用线上开行了10000t至20000t的列车.即使在发达国家的铁路上也无先例,所以在一定意义上讲我们是在攻克货车技术的世界难题.……     

分布式驱动电动汽车动力转向系统切换控制及其操纵稳定性试验

动力转向系统对电动汽车的设计与装配具有重要的影响.动力转向系统具有典型的不确定性、未建模动态、测量噪声和干扰等非线性动力学特征,是包含离散事件与连续事件的混杂动力学系统.分析了分布式驱动电动汽车动力转向系统的控制结构、控制功能及其动力学行为,建立了反映连续和离散控制行为的混杂控制系统模型;建立了动力转向系统的切换控制结构,进行了20 km/h和40 km/h下的蛇形实验.结果表明:在20 km/h下,转向系统转矩的峰值和平均值分别降低了40.93％和40.99％;在40 km/h下,转向系统转矩的峰值和平均值分别降低了31.11％和32.12％,转向轻便性得到明显改善.不仅改善了动力转向系统的鲁棒性能,而且对电动汽车控制性能的改善、性能的优化及安全性能的提高都具有重要的实用价值.     

抗蛇行减振器油液温度对其动态特性以及对车辆平稳性影响

以我国某两种高速列车所用抗蛇行减振器为例,分析了油液温度对抗蛇行减振器本身的动态特性影响,并进一步研究了抗蛇行减振器对车辆平稳性影响。从试验角度对抗蛇行减振器不同温度下动态特性进行了研究,研究表明,在油液正常工作温度范围内,随着油液温度的降低,减振器吸收的能量越多,动态阻尼和动态刚度也越大,当温度超过了抗蛇行减振器油液正常工作范围,温度越低,减振器吸收的能量、动态刚度、动态阻尼反而会减小。建立了我国某高速列车SIMPACK模型,研究了油液温度对车辆平稳性的影响,结果表明:当速度低于200 km/h时,其平稳性几乎没什么区别,当速度大于200 km/h,平稳性有所变差,但总体来说,油液温度对平稳性影响不是很大。     

矿用宽体车主动油气悬架的复合控制方法研究

由于矿用宽体车被动油气悬架不能根据路面情况以及车载变化达到实时调整车姿来满足车辆平顺性要求,为进一步改善矿车行驶平顺性,提出一种神经网络和模糊PID控制相结合的主动悬架复合控制方法。建立单气室油气弹簧数学模型,并经实验验证了模型的正确性;在此基础上以C级路面作为输入,建立1/2车辆动力学模型,以悬架输出力为控制对象,对控制器的设计进行了详细研究,并对矿车前半车身垂向及侧倾方向的振动特性进行了对比分析。结果表明：与被动悬架相比,所设计的主动控制策略使车身垂直加速度降低了38.45%,侧倾角加速度降低了27.16%,轮胎动载荷降低了32.68%,悬架动扰度降低了34.8%,极大地改善了车辆行驶平顺性。     

矿用宽体车油气悬架的平顺性分析及优化设计北大核心

为研究油气悬架对车辆行驶平顺性的影响,针对某90 t宽体矿车,建立车辆动力学模型,搭建前悬1/4车油气悬架AMESim仿真模型,研究在随机路面输入下车辆行驶平顺性机制。在被动悬架模型的基础上加入主动控制系统,与被动悬架进行对比分析,并利用AMESim/设计探索功能对主动悬架进行优化。结果表明:当车速不超过40 km/h、初始气室压力为7.7 MPa时,车辆平顺性较好;主动悬架相比被动悬架能更好地衰减振动,极大地提高了车辆行驶平顺性;在保证约束条件不变的基础上,优化后加权加速度均方根降低了18.72%,有效提高了矿车的行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。研究结果为油气悬架的设计及优化提供参考。     

高速铁路隔声屏铝合金5754

根据国际铁路联盟的定义,在现有线路上速度大于200 km/h的,在新建线路上速度大于250 km/h的称为高速铁路。高铁由于速度快,会产生噪声,因此在经过的居民区、隧道等须设置吸声屏障。高速列车通过隧道或两列高速列车在隧道内交汇时产生的混响噪声及由此产生的震动具有很强的破坏作用,如不能有效控     

弓网载流效率及其对碳滑板磨损性能影响的试验研究

目的研究纯碳滑板在高速载流条件下的滑动电接触特性。方法将纯碳受电弓滑板加工成尺寸为120 mm×34.5 mm×25 mm的长方形试样。在环-块式高速载流摩擦磨损试验机上,研究法向压力、滑动速度、电流对弓网载流效率的影响,比较了不同载流效率时碳滑板的磨损形貌。试验过程中实时采集接触副两端的电压、电流以及碳滑板表面温升。每组试验的滑动距离为150 km,试验结束后,用SEM扫描电镜观察碳滑板的表面形貌。结果在电流恒定的情况下,电弧放电能量随着载流效率的增加而降低。在电流I=150A、滑动速度v=150 km/h的条件下,载流效率随着法向压力的增加而增加。在电流I=100 A、法向压力Fn=100N的条件下,载流效率随着滑动速度的增加而减小。在电压U=7 V、滑动速度v=150 km/h的条件下,载流效率随着电流的增加而减小。碳滑板的磨损形貌显示,载流效率较高时,碳滑板以机械磨损为主并伴随着轻微的电弧烧蚀现象;载流效率较低时,碳滑板电弧烧蚀现象非常严重,有明显的烧蚀坑。结论载流效率在一定程度上反映了弓网系统的接触稳定性。载流效率越低,碳滑板磨损越严重。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.