镀锌钢板的CO2激光焊焊接性(Ⅱ)

以裁焊板工业生产为背景．埘汽车用镀锌钢板的CO2激光切割板坯的CO2激光焊接的焊缝性能进行了试验研究。试验中的激光焊缝埘服强度都大干母材．焊缝金相组织以碗度较软的引状铁索体为特征，包含激光焊缝的锉锌钢板仍具有优良的深冲性能．在焊缝附近锌层烧损小于0．5mm宽。镀锌层具有牺牲保护作用使得激光焊缝不易腐蚀。因此．故焊板的激光焊接工艺可靠．从焊接角度看，激光切割取代裁焊扳生产中剪切工艺是可行的。     

适于镀锌钢板激光焊接的CO2激光切割

研究适合于裁焊板生产的板坯切割的技术方案，重点讨论了CO2激光切割。采用氮气辅助激光切割，氧气辅助激光切割，铣切和普通剪切方法进行了镀锌钢板的切割。研究表明，氮气辅助CO激光切割方正度较好，切口质量符合裁焊板拼接间隙小于0．1mm的要求。激光切割时，由于热影响范围小，镀锌钢板切口边缘镀锌层烧损范围小，整个切缝无宏观残余形变。氮气辅助CO2激光切割具有切割速度快，质量好的优点，适合于进行裁焊板的板坯切割。     

镀锌钢板的CO2激光焊焊接性

以裁焊板工业生产为背景，对汽车用镀锌钢板的CO2激光切割板坯的CO2激光焊焊接性进行了试验研究。对于不等厚和等厚的镀锌板拼接进行CO2激光焊接，在激光功率4000W时其焊接速度可达0．1m／s。对镀锌钢板激光切口拼接的激光焊接与铣口拼接的激光焊接的焊缝形貌和硬度进行了比较，它们产生的焊缝宽度在0．5-1．0mm范围，激光焊缝最大硬度比母材硬度高出1-1．5倍，激光焊接对激光切口拼接与铣口拼接两者都可获得等同的宏观焊接质量。     

厚板S355J2W+N钢激光-电弧复合焊工艺研究

试验研究了厚16 mm的S355J2W+N钢板激光-电弧复合焊对接接头的工艺和力学性能,为激光-电弧复合焊在厚板焊接生产中的应用提供试验基础。试验结果表明:激光功率决定了复合焊多层焊的最大熔深,焊接电流和焊接速度决定了焊缝的熔敷量和焊缝成形质量;厚16 mm的S355J2W钢板建议采用三层三道的焊接工艺,接头性能完全满足MAG焊标准的要求。     

钛合金激光穿透焊的焊缝成形(Ⅰ)

在对钛合金激光穿透焊焊缝成形特征分析的基础上研究了激光焊主要工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响 ,同时对比研究了CO2 激光和YAG激光穿透焊时焊缝成形的差异。研究结果表明 ,在穿透焊条件下 ,CO2 激光和YAG激光焊接钛合金焊缝都具有钉形和近X形两种典型的截面形貌。焊缝成形与焊接热输入及激光功率密度有密切联系。随焊接热输入和激光功率密度的增大 ,焊缝截面由钉形向近X形转变。在采用同样工艺规范获得近X形焊缝成形时 ,YAG激光焊缝的对称度显著高于CO2 激光焊缝。通过调整激光功率、焊接速度和离焦量等激光焊工艺参数 ,可以对焊缝成形进行有效控制 ,提高焊接接头质量。     

基于偏最小二乘回归模型的激光焊缝宽度预测与控制方法

激光焊接焊缝是激光拼焊板成形性能的重要影响因素之一,同时也是导致拼焊板在冲压过程中出现破裂失效的导火索。因此,为了提高激光拼焊板成形性能和减少在冲压过程中出现破裂的次数就必须对焊缝宽度加以预测和控制,以期提出优化的焊接工艺。利用有限元软件对激光焊接过程进行三维动态温度场模拟,通过分析试验钢板节点温度分布情况,计算出焊缝宽度。在此基础上,利用偏最小二乘回归方法建立了激光焊缝宽度预测模型。运用本研究预测模型,焊缝宽度预测相对误差均在5%以下,充分验证了该预测模型的合理性和适用性。结合模型的辅助分析技术,提出一种如何优化焊接工艺参数以获得预期焊缝宽度的方法。     

激光焊接的裁焊板及其在汽车中的应用

介绍了激光焊接用于汽车裁焊板的新技术。使用裁焊板可以实现汽车部件尺寸和材质的优花配合。与滚压缝焊相比，激光焊接具有焊接质量高、适应性广、生产费用和维护费用低的优点，特别适合进行裁焊板的焊接加工。激光焊接裁焊板的技术问题主要有：采用激光切割坯板方案的可行性、接头的成形性、焊接质量的控制和大板拼接变形的控制。     

C-22哈氏合金激光焊焊缝成形影响因素分析

采用最大功率为15 kW的TLF15000 TURBO CO2激光器,对10 mm厚C-22哈氏合金进行了平板对接不填丝激光焊,研究了坡口间隙、激光输出功率、焊接速度、预热温度及保护气体流量等因素对哈氏合金不填丝激光焊焊缝成形的影响,并由此选择出合适的焊接工艺对哈氏合金板进行激光焊接.最后对焊缝性能进行了工艺评定,各项性能均达到使用要求.     

基于偏最小二乘回归模型的激光焊缝宽度预测与控制方法

激光焊接焊缝是激光拼焊板成形性能的重要影响因素之一,同时也是导致拼焊板在冲压过程中出现破裂失效的导火索.因此,为了优化焊接工艺以及激光拼焊板成形性能就必须对焊缝宽度加以预测与控制.利用有限元软件对激光焊接过程进行三维动态温度场模拟,通过分析试验钢板节点温度分布情况,计算出焊缝宽度.在此基础上,利用偏最小二乘同归方法建立了激光焊缝宽度预测模型.运用本文预测模型,焊缝宽度预测相对误差均在5%以下,充分验证了该预测模型的合理性及适用性.     

钛合金激光穿透焊的焊缝成形（I）

在对钛合金激光穿透焊焊缝成形特征分析的基础上研究了激光焊主要工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响，同时对比研究了CO2激光和YAG激光穿透焊时焊缝成形的差异。研究结果表明，在穿透焊条件下，CO2激光和YAG激光焊接钛合金焊缝都具有钉形和近X形两种典型的截面形貌。焊缝成形与焊接热输入及激光功率密度有密切联系。随焊接热输入和激光功率密度的增大，焊缝截面由钉形向近X形转变。在采用同样工艺规范获得近X形焊缝成形时，YAG激光焊缝的对称度显著高于CO2激光焊缝。通过调整激光功率、焊接速度和离焦量等激光焊工艺参数，可以对焊缝成形进行有效控制，提高焊接接头质量。     

镀锌板的激光剪拼焊工艺及接头性能研究

剪裁激光拼焊坯板在汽车工业生产中得到了广泛而成功的应用，由于需要成本很高的激光焊接设备和昂贵的高精剪设备，过高的投资限制了其在实际生产中得进一步推广使用，尤其是中小批量的生产。针对这一问题。提出用激光切割代替高精剪，在同一台激光器上实现汽车用镀锌板的剪裁和拼焊工艺，并在自行设计的激光切割拼焊数控机床上时SGCD3和WLZn两种镀锌扳用激光切割的方法剪裁后直接进行激光拼焊，并检测了焊接接头的拉伸强度、弯曲、冲压和焊缝成形等性能指标。试验结果表明，镀锌板的激光剪裁拼焊接头性能符合实际使用要求，在同一台激光加工设备上实现镀锌板的激光切割剪裁后再直接进行激光拼焊的工艺方法是可行的。     

A study of tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and zn-coated steel sheet by CO2 laser beam

Research was conducted on tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and Zn-coated steel sheet using CO₂ laser beam. The materials used in this study were low carbon steel sheets with a thickness of 1.2 mm and Zn-coated steel sheet with the same thickness and 6.3 μm Zn coating. Experiments were conducted by applying the Taguchi method to obtain optimum conditions for the application of this tailored blank laser welding method in practical manufacturing processes. Optical microscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis were performed to observe the microstructures and to determine the structures of welded zone. In addition, mechanical properties were measured by the microhardness test, tensile test and Erichsen test to evaluate the formability of the welded specimen. There was no trapped Zn in the fusion zone, and the phases of this region consisted of polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite, banitic ferrite and martensite. The elongation value of welded specimen was more than 80% of the value in substrate metal, and the LDH value was more than 90% of the value in substrate metal.     

Tailored blank welding between low carbon steel sheet and STS 304 stainless steel sheet by CO2 laser beam

A basic reseach of tailored blank welding between a low carbon steel sheet and a STS 304 stainless steel sheet was carried out with CO₂ laser beam. The materials used in this work were a low carbon steel sheet with a thickness of 0.9 mm and a STS 304 stainless steel sheet with the same thickness. Experiments were carried out by applying the Taguchi method to obtain optimized conditions in order to apply this tailored blank laser welding method in the practical manufacturing process. In order to compare the laser welding results with the conventional welding process, GTA welding was carried out for the same materials. Optical microscopy, SEM and XRD analyses were performed to observe the microstructures and to analyze the various phases. A tensile test, hardness test and Erichsen test were performed to evaluate the formability of welded specimens. In addition, immersion test was carried to estimate corrosion resistance. A WDS analysis showed that laser welding resulted in almost the same dilution of both low carbon steel and stainless steel in welded metal, meanwhile, GTA welding resulted in more dilution of stainless steel due to its slower heat conductivity. The formability of the laser welded specimen reached 83% of that in base metal. On the other hand, it was 63% in the case of GTA welding. During the tension test, base metal was fractured in the case of a laser welded specimen, meanwhile the welded zone was fractured in the case of the GTA welded specimen. The corrosion test showed that weight loss per unit area was less in the laser welded specimen than that of the GTA welded specimen.     

Control of back molten pool shape by using switchback method

Summary

This paper summarises fatigue strength in laser‐welded butt joints made of Fe P04‐UNI 8092 deep drawing steel with standard and galvanized surfaces. The Wöhler curves obtained are compared with those of a series of seam‐welded joints, which have been subjected to special forging of the beads after welding.

Fatigue behaviour is similar to that of the parent material since fracture does not occur in the beads or heat affected zone. Such results are of importance in the current review of design methodologies, when new possibilities are being offered by laser and tailored blank technologies.     

大厚度船用高强钢激光-电弧复合焊技术研究

为实现大厚度高强钢全熔透单道对接焊,针对厚度20mm的AH32船用高强钢,采用15kW大功率CO_2激光进行激光-电弧复合焊接.分析了工件坡口、焊接速度、送丝速度、离焦量、装配间隙等规范参数对焊缝成型影响;通过金相观察以及显微硬度测定分析了接头组织性能.结果表明:通过激光功率等焊接规范匹配,激光-电弧复合焊接能实现20mm厚板的全熔透单道对接;钝边为8mm的Y形坡口有助于提高厚板激光-电弧复合焊缝熔透能力;降低焊接速度有利于提高熔深能力;工件厚度较大时,装配间隙对焊缝熔深能力的影响较为显著;接头硬度表明厚板激光复合焊焊缝纵向热循环模式存在较大差异.     

Laser welding of complex aluminium structures

Abstract

Automotive manufacturing is making significant strides towards producing lighter but stronger vehicles. Developments in high strength steels and lightweight materials, especially aluminium, have contributed to these advances. The body shell contributes nearly 25% of a car's weight. Current predictions estimate the contribution of aluminium in a car to be of the order of 10% of the total vehicle weight, whereas the use of aluminium alloys in car body manufacture could lead to potential weight savings of up to 43%. The use of aluminium is expected to grow in body in white and tailored welded blank applications within the automotive sector. Complex joint configurations are encountered in spaceframe assembly. One such joint structure, which involves the welding of a rectangular section to a flat plate, has been considered in the work reported. Traditionally, a MIG welding solution would be adopted to manufacture such a joint. Work was performed to establish the feasibility of using laser welding to manufacture the component and to compare the laser and MIG processes. A fibre optic delivered Nd-YAG laser beam, manipulated with an articulated arm robot, was successfully used to weld the tube to the aluminium plate. Spatter free welds with no externally visible porosity were achieved and no cracking was observed in any weld cross-section examined. Mechanical tests indicated that the static strength of the laser welds was lower than that achieved by MIG welding, which is attributed to the lower load bearing area in the laser welded joints.