中间合金对A356.2合金细化的效果

采用铝业协会制订的TP-1型标准测试法,对Al-10RE、Al-5Ti-1B、Al-5Ti-1B-10RE等中间合金对A356.2合金的细化效果进行评价,以优化铝合金轮毂制造过程中合金熔体细化处理工艺。结果表明, Al-5Ti-1B-10RE中间合金中的RE不仅可以有效抑制晶粒尺寸的衰退,而且在一定程度上改善Ti、B、Sr对A356.2合金显微组织的细化和变质效果;TP-1型晶粒度检测法是一种简单、直观、准确的中间合金细化效果在线评价方法。     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

铸造Al-Si合金熔体处理——晶粒细化

对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金进行细化处理已成为一种基本操作。中间合金（Ａｌ－Ｔｉ,Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ和Ａｌ－Ｂ合金）在亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中与在工业纯铝和变形铝合金中的晶粒细化行为存在较大的差异。Ａｌ－３Ｔｉ－３Ｂ,Ａｌ－３Ｂ中间合金在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金中表现出优异的晶粒细化效应,Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用在其中扮演着重要的角色。通过炉前对熔体进行快速热分析可以对晶粒细化效果和变质程度进行评价和预测,继而控制熔体处理的质量。对于亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金,归纳起来有四种晶粒细化机理：包晶反应理论、共晶反应理论、硼化物颗粒理论和超形核理论。仅对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ铸造合金细化处理的最新进展、Ｓｉ与晶粒细化剂的交互作用和晶粒细化机理进行综合评述     

稀土铝钛硼中间合金的细化能力与长效性

采用铝热反应法制备Al5Ti1B和Al5Ti4RE1B中间合金,并对其进行物相、微观组织和细化效果分析;对比中间合金中第二相的晶体结构以及形核能力,并从第二相分解和沉淀的角度分析Al5Ti1B1RE的细化长效性。结果表明：Al5Ti4RE1B比Al5Ti1B具有更强的细化能力和细化长效性;XRD和EDS分析显示,RE和TiAl3结合生成Ti2Al20RE相,该相为面心立方结构,晶格常数为1.469 nm;相比TiAl3而言,Ti2Al20RE具有更多的晶面和Al晶体匹配,使得Al5Ti4RE1B比Al5Ti1B具有更强的细化能力;Ti2Al20RE比TiAl3的溶解温度高,溶解过程中稀土对铝液粘度的影响是造成Al5Ti4RE1B细化长效性好的主要原因。     

Effect of a grain refiner cum modifier on mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys

This study evaluates the influence of grain refiners/modifiers on the mechanical properties of the Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys with an experiment of quantitative and qualitative correlations with the microstructure. Modification of Al-Si alloys with strontium additions and grain refinement with Al-Ti, Al-B and Al-T-B master alloy additions are demonstrated to be efficient on Al-Si alloys. A single master alloy with combined additions of Sr and Ti and/or B was prepared and the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that boron rich (Al-3B-Sr and Al-1Ti-3B-Sr) master alloys are more efficient than Ti rich (Al-3Ti-Sr and Al-5Ti-1B-Sr) master alloys considering their combined grain refinement and modification effect on Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys. However, the presence of Sr does not influence the grain refinement. Similarly, presence of grain refiner does not influence the modification of eutectic Si.     

微量Mg、Si对Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化效果的促进作用

研究结果表明：微量的Mg和Si均能促进Al-Ti-C中间合金对工业纯铝和6063合金等铝合金的晶粒细化作用;在细化温度相同的条件下,与Si相比,Mg对Al-Ti-C中间合金细化效果具有更大的促进作用,微量的Mg可以抑制Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化的“温度效应”;铝熔体中同时存在微量的Mg和Si时Al-Ti-C中间合金的细化效果更好,初步探讨了这两种微量元素促进Al-Ti-C中间合金细化效果的机理。     

Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金第二相的形态及分布对工业纯铝细化效果的影响

为更好地优化组织,提升细化性能,采用熔配—纯金属钛法制备新型铝晶粒细化剂—铝钛硼稀土Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金。试验结果表明:合成反应温度不同,所制备的Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金第二相所具有的形态分布及数量不同,低温反应合成中间合金第二相Al3Ti和Ti2A120RE稀土相为小块状,高温度反应合成则为长片状。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)等技术对其第二相的微观形貌分布、细化效果及形核能力等进行表征分析。结果表明:第二相粒子形态分布及数量对细化效果有重要影响,第二相中的形核相与基底的错配度越小,越有利于非均质形核,细化效果越好。     

细化变质处理对铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能和组织的影响(英文)

研究了单一和复合Al-5Ti-B、RE和Al-10Sr细化变质剂对砂型铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能、显微组织、细化变质效果及其金属间化合物变化的影响。结果表明:与单一细化变质处理以及铸态相比,经过添加质量分数为0.8%的Al-5Ti-B、0.1%的RE和0.1%的Al-10Sr细化变质剂复合细化变质处理后铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金的力学性能和显微组织都得到了显著改善。对于单一细化变质处理,加入0.8%的Al-5Ti-B中间合金后,合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度得到大幅度提高,并且细化了α(Al)相。加入0.1%的RE中间合金后,合金的伸长率得到了最大程度的提高。这是因为RE的加入使铝合金熔液而得到净化,同时改变了金属间化合物的形状。而加入0.1%的Al-10Sr变质剂后,合金的屈服强度得到改善,但其他性能的改善有限。Al-10Sr变质剂对共晶硅具有较强的变质作用,但使得铝合金熔体含气量增加并形成严重的柱状晶组织。利用硅相的平均面积和长宽比描述细化变质效果得到的结论与力学性能和组织分析的结果相同。     

Al—Ti和Al—Zr中间合金组织遗传性对铝合金铸造组织的影响

评述了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ和Ａｌ－Ｚｒ中间合金中金属间化合物尺寸、弥散度以及铝合金中Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ加入的质量分数对铝合金铸锭晶粒细化效果的影响。介绍了细晶中间合金的生产方法。     

Performance comparison of AlTiC and AlTiB master alloys in grain refinement of commercial and high purity aluminum

1 Introduction Since AlTiC master alloys were improved greatly as a new type of master alloy used in grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloys in the middle of 1980s[1, 2], there were many important progresses in the preparation techniques and the …     

Microstructural analysis of modification and grain refinement in a hypoeutectic Al–Si alloy

Abstract

It is well known that in hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys addition of titanium boride refines primary aluminium and addition of strontium modifies eutectic silicon. In this work their individual and simultaneous effect on both features has been investigated quantitatively. On the basis of experimental observations and quantitative analysis, it was concluded that an addition of 0·002 wt-% titanium almost halves grain size of primary aluminium in an ingot of A356, cast in a bar-shaped copper mould. Combining 0·002 wt-% titanium (as Al–3Ti–B) with 0·02 wt-% strontium resulted in a decrease in this grain refinement. However, an addition of 0·02 wt-% strontium has a slight refinement effect on primary aluminium phase. In order to quantify the effect of addition on eutectic silicon readily, as-cast specimens were heat-treated. It was observed that the number of eutectic silicon particles in Sr-modified specimens increased in a higher level compared to a Sr + Ti treated specimen. It was also found that Ti slightly influences the size of eutectic silicon particles.     

On thermal analysis,macrostructure and microstructure of grain refined Al–Si–Mg cast alloys: role of Sr addition

The present study aimed at investigating the influence of grain refinement in combination with Sr modification on the solidification behaviour of A356·2 alloy, and the resulting micro- and macrostructures obtained. Grain refinement of A356·2 alloy using Ti and B additions in the ranges of 0·02–0·5% and 0·01–0·5% respectively was studied using five different grain refiners in the form of Al–10%Ti, Al–5%Ti–1%B, Al–2·5%Ti–2·5%B, Al–1·7%Ti–1·4%%B and Al–4%B aluminium master alloys. Sr modification of the alloys was carried out using Sr additions of 30 and 200 ppm in the form of Al–10%Sr master alloy. The probable interactions between Sr and Ti and Sr and B were investigated using different metallographic techniques. Thermal analysis was also used to evaluate these interactions. Electron microprobe analysis revealed that adding >0·1%B to the A356·2 alloy may lead to formation of particles predominantly containing B and Sr, with a composition approaching SrB₆.     

Effect of melt treatment on impact toughness of 356 type alloys

The effects of melt treatment in particular the types of grain refiners as well as Sr modification on the impact properties A356·2 alloys in as cast and heated treat conditions have been investigated. The results show grain refining is very effective parameter in improving the alloy toughness when the alloy is well modified. The best values for total absorbed energy of T6-tempered alloys are achieved after using 0·04%Ti in the form of Al–5%Ti–1%B and Al–10%Ti master alloys. A significant degradation in impact properties is observed due to the Sr–B interaction in some cases leading to the formation of Sr₆B compound. The improvements in toughness are mainly due to the change in silicon particle morphology and to the dissolution and fragmentation of intermetallics during the solution heat treatment process at 540°C for 8 h prior to quenching and artificial aging.     

Sr+B联合熔体处理对Al-Si-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

考察了A1—lB中间合金对0．030％Sr变质的A1—11．6％Si0．4％Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。发现A1—B中间合金在近共晶铸造A1—Si合金中具有优异的枝晶细化能力。通过比较3种不同熔体处理条件下(末变质 未枝晶细化处理、0．030％Sr变质处理、0．030％Sr 0．028％B联合熔体处理)合金铸态和T6状态下的力学性能并对断口形貌进行分析，可以得出在近共晶铸造A1—Si合金中同时加入Sr，B进行枝晶细化和共晶Si变质联合处理是十分必要的。     

原位合成TiB2和Al3Ti对ZL201的晶粒细化效果

以工业纯铝、氟钛酸钾和氟硼酸钾为原料 ,通过原位反应合成的 Al-5Ti-B中间合金中 ,Ti B2 和 Al3Ti颗粒细小且弥散分布 ,对铝及 Al-Cu系合金有显著的晶粒细化效果 ,并且能大幅度提高 ZL 2 0 1合金的力学性能     

A new development of Al-Ti-C grain refining master alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｎｏｗａｃｏｍｍｏｎｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｔｏａｄｄｇｒａｉｎｒｅｆｉｎｅｒｓｔｏｍｏｌｔｅｎＡｌｂｅｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｉｎｇｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｆｉｎｅｇｒａｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｇｏｔｓｏｒｃａｓｔｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ.Ａｌｏｔｏｆａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓａｒｅｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄｂｙｇｒａｉｎｒｅｆｉｎｅｍｅｎｔ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ[1,2],ｒｅｄｕｃｅｄｃｒａｃｋｉｎｇｉｎｉｎｇｏｔｓａｎ…     

加Ti、B方式对A356合金组织和性能的影响

通过对比试验研究了在相同Ti含量和相同Ti、B质量比时,不同加Ti、B方式对A356合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,电解加钛的A356合金的晶粒细化效果总是优于熔配加钛和钛盐加钛,钛、硼联合细化方式比单独加钛细化效果好.钛、硼联合细化A356合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率高于对应的单独加钛A356合金.加钛、硼方式对A356合金强度影响较小,但对A356合金塑性影响较大.电解加钛A356合金强度与熔配加钛合金相当,较钛盐加钛合金稍高,但伸长率均显著大于熔配加钛和钛盐加钛A356合金.     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.     

电解加钛铝合金的晶粒细化及其制备铝-硅合金的组织和性能

研究了电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,与AlTi和AlTiB细化剂对纯铝的晶粒细化效果进行了比较;对用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金和由纯铝制备并用AlTi或AlTiB细化处理的A356合金的组织与性能进行了对比研究;进行了利用工业铝电解槽生产的电解低钛铝合金熔体直接生产A356合金的工业试验。结果表明：电解加钛具有显著的晶粒细化作用,其细化能力与AlTiB的相当,明显优于AlTi中间合金的。在试验室条件下,用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金与纯铝制备并用中间合金细化处理的A356合金的拉伸性能相当;将电解低钛铝合金熔体直接用于铝．硅合金的生产是可行的,并具有节约能源,细化处理工艺简单,产品质量良好的特点。     

Grain refining of Al-Si alloys using Al-10% Ti master alloy: role of Zr addition

The present study was carried out on ultra-pure aluminum, 1050, and 356 alloys. The results revealed that when Al-4%B is added to ultra-pure aluminum, it forms AlB₁₂ and AlB₂ which have no grain refining effect in pure aluminum. When no grain refiner is added to pure aluminum, the microstructure is a mixture of columnar and equiaxed grains. The addition of 30 ppm Ti to pure aluminum is sufficient to promote equiaxed grains when the metal is solidified at high rate ~ 10°C/s but requires an addition of 1000 ppm B at 0.8°C. Increasing the Si content to 7% reduces the initial grain size of pure aluminum from 2800 μm to 1200 μm. In commercial aluminum, B reacts with traces of Ti to form TiB₂ phases which are active grain refining agents. However, in Al-7%Si, Ti reacts with Si forming (Al,Si)₂Ti phase which is a poor refining agent.