ADC12铸造铝合金齿轮箱开裂原因分析

采用微观扫描、化学成分、硬度及金相检验等方法对ADC12铸造铝合金齿轮箱开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明,齿轮箱是由于内部存在较多的针状β(Al9Fe2Si2)脆性相和较集中分布的显微疏松孔隙,增加了压铸铝合金的脆性,降低了材料的承载强度,致使齿轮箱零件在承受外力载荷和装配定位销应力共同作用下,过早产生疲劳断裂失效。     

孔洞缺陷对高铁动车组铝合金齿轮箱疲劳性能的影响

对于铸造铝合金,内部疏松和针孔等孔洞缺陷一般难以避免,它是导致疲劳破坏的主要原因之一。通过对铸造铝合金高铁齿轮箱疲劳性能的研究,结果表明:远离试样表面的疏松对试样的疲劳断裂影响较小,当疏松靠近试样表面时,会成为明显的疲劳裂纹源;疏松的尺寸越大或形状越不规则,越容易产生疲劳裂纹。对针孔缺陷的试验研究表明:随着针孔缺陷射线等级的增加,轴向R=0.1下的疲劳极限逐渐降低,针孔缺陷射线为2~3级时,疲劳极限约为70 MPa,针孔缺陷射线为7~8级时,疲劳极限降为50 MPa。在实际生产过程中,通过采取低压铸造工艺,加强精炼除气,提高铸件冷却速度等措施,可有效避免疏松和针孔的产生,从而提高产品的疲劳性能。     

7A04铝合金球铰失效分析

7A04铝合金球铰在疲劳试验过程中发生断裂失效。通过对失效件断口的宏微观形貌观察、能谱分析以及有限元模拟计算等,分析了7A04铝合金球铰疲劳裂纹形成原因及其失效机制。结果表明,疲劳裂纹萌生于气孔、氧化夹杂物等冶金缺陷位置,并在后续起桥接连通作用进一步加速裂纹扩展,造成试件断裂失效。     

热处理对Al-Si-Cu-Mg铸造铝合金低周疲劳行为的影响

为了确定固溶处理及固溶+时效处理对金属型铸造A1-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金低周疲劳行为的影响,在不同外加总应变幅下进行应变控制的室温低周疲劳试验.结果表明:金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金可表现为循环应变硬化、循环应变软化和循环稳定;固溶处理及固溶+时效处理可以有效地提高金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的疲劳寿命,且固溶处理对疲劳寿命提高的幅度更大;铸态及固溶态Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间分别呈直线关系,固溶+时效态Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的弹性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间呈直线关系,但其塑性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间呈双线性关系;不同处理状态的铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg铝合金的循环应力幅与塑性应变幅之间呈线性关系.     

TiAl合金增压涡轮断裂分析

某TiAl合金增压器涡轮在超速试验转速达8.6×104r/min时发生断裂失效。通过对失效的TiAl合金增压涡轮及涡轮叶片断口进行宏、微观观察及分析,以确定其失效原因。结果表明：涡轮和涡轮叶片断口的断裂特征主要由沿层断裂及穿层断裂组成;涡轮断裂是从增压器涡轮和涡轮轴颈相连接的圆弧过渡区域处的铸造疏松起源并发生断裂;涡轮断裂失效与层取向、铸造缺陷、圆弧过渡及离心力有关。     

AI-Si-Cu-Mg(-Er)铸造铝合金的低周疲劳行为

对金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg和Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er铝合金进行了疲劳试验,并研究了其室温下的低周疲劳行为。试验结果表明:金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg和Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er铝合金表现为循环应变硬化和循环稳定,主要取决于外加总应变的高低;稀土元素Er的加入可提高金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的循环变形抗力和疲劳寿命;金属型铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的塑性应变、弹性应变与断裂时的载荷反向次数之间呈直线关系,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Er合金的弹性应变与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向次数之间也呈直线关系,但其塑性应变与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向次数之间则呈双线性关系。     

半连续铸造铝合金铸锭疏松的形成机制及其影响因素

疏松是铝合金半连续铸造铸锭的主要缺陷之一。铝合金铸锭内的疏松可以通过组织遗传效应影响后续变形产品的成形性以及最终成品的综合性能。结合疏松的形成机制,主要分析了铝合金半连续铸造凝固过程中疏松的形成机制以及分布特征,并结合疏松的形成机制系统分析了铝合金半连续铸造过程中熔体的氢含量、成分、铸造工艺参数以及施加外场对疏松尺寸及分布特征的影响;提出了降低半连续铸造铝合金铸锭中疏松危害的工艺优化方向。     

ZA27蜗轮失效分析

本文对铸造锌铝合金ＺＡ２７蜗轮台架试验中出现过的蜗轮早期断裂失效现象进行了综合分析．并在此基础上提出了预防ＺＡ２７蜗轮断裂失效的措施。     

铝合金活塞板断裂失效分析

某活塞气动执行机构失效的原因为铝合金活塞板断裂。采用宏观观察、金相组织观察、化学成分分析及扫描电镜分析等方法,对出现断裂的活塞板进行了失效原因分析。结果表明,活塞板的开裂为疲劳破坏,密封槽底部存在严重的应力集中,且由于使用高强的7A19铝合金,在交变载荷作用下最终导致活塞板断裂。综合评定后,选用5083铝合金,通过适当工艺改进,使活塞板寿命明显提高。     

核电厂海水系统牺牲阳极失效分析

某核电厂海水系统牺牲阳极在检查过程中发现断裂现象,通过研究铝合金牺牲阳极的宏观形貌及微观组织来分析其失效原因。结果表明铝合金牺牲阳极铸件质量的不理想以及铸造缺陷是造成试样断裂的根本原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.