DU-2A12铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为

利用电化学腐蚀技术对贫铀(DU)-2A12铝合金电偶腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,在3.5%NaCl溶液中,DU和2A12铝合金的腐蚀过程是逐渐变化的,2A12铝合金的抗腐蚀性能较DU更好。在DU-2A12铝合金电偶对中,DU具有相对较低的电位而作为电偶腐蚀的阳极,在偶合的前24 h,二者的腐蚀电位差较大,电偶腐蚀驱动力大,电偶电流密度平均约6μA·cm-2,DU被加速腐蚀;24 h后,DU与2A12铝合金的腐蚀电位相近,电偶腐蚀驱动力减小,电偶电流密度平均约5.5μA·cm-2,与DU单独腐蚀时对应时间的腐蚀电流接近,电偶腐蚀作用不明显。DU和2A12铝合金组成的电偶对在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电偶腐蚀电位为–780~–805 mV,二者可长期偶合。     

B10铜镍合金与Tup紫铜的电偶腐蚀及电绝缘

通过电位监测、极化曲线测试考察了船舶海水冷却系统中B10铜镍合金与Tup紫铜间的电偶腐蚀倾向;通过两种材料不同面积比下的电偶腐蚀试验,考察了其电偶腐蚀特征和偶合效应;通过串联不同阻值电阻的模拟电绝缘试验,考察了阻值变化对电偶腐蚀的影响,测定了两种材料偶合的电绝缘判据。结果表明,两种材料间存在明显的电偶腐蚀倾向,B10/Tup面积比为5∶1时,随浸泡时间延长出现阴阳极反转现象;随串联电阻增大,电偶腐蚀效应先增大后减小,当串联电阻R≥20 kΩ时,可基本上消除两种材料间的电偶腐蚀。     

局部碳酸钙沉积对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究局部碳酸钙沉积对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响,为解决碳酸钙沉积引发的腐蚀问题提供新思路.方法 采用恒电位阴极极化法诱导碳酸钙沉积.采用电化学阻抗谱、丝束电极、扫描电镜和能谱仪对N80碳钢的均匀腐蚀、局部腐蚀、电偶腐蚀、微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,揭示局部碳酸钙沉积对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响规律.结果 碳酸钙沉积会使电极的腐蚀电位正移约100 mV.相同条件下,碳酸钙覆盖电极的容抗弧直径远大于裸电极.随着浸泡时间的延长,裸电极的容抗弧直径不断增大,而碳酸钙覆盖电极的容抗弧先增大后减小.电偶测试中,碳酸钙覆盖电极作为阴极,裸电极作为阳极,在168 h内,二者没有发生极性反转,电偶电流密度最终稳定在–0.4μA/cm2左右.WBE结果显示,浸泡开始时,碳酸钙覆盖区域的电位较高且均为阴极电流,24 h后,该区域逐渐出现阳极点.浸泡72 h后,电位最负的位置开始向碳酸钙覆盖区域转移.微观分析结果表明,碳酸钙覆盖电极表面有一层完整且致密的腐蚀产物膜,可能对基体起到了一定的保护作用.去除腐蚀产物后,基体存在明显的点蚀坑.结论 局部沉积的碳酸钙虽然对基体有一定的保护作用,但会导致电偶腐蚀的发生.随着浸泡时间的延长,覆盖碳酸钙的区域会由于氧浓差电池和酸化自催化效应发生局部腐蚀.     

两种不锈钢在模拟消声器环境中的电偶腐蚀行为

采用氧化/冷凝液浸泡循环实验方法模拟汽车消声器内部环境,研究了409和304两种不锈钢在冷凝液中的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明,无氧化作用时两种不锈钢间电偶腐蚀效应较弱,304钢对409钢的加速腐蚀作用很小。循环实验过程中,偶合电位较低时偶合电流密度往往较大。热氧化将明显增大两种不锈钢发生电偶腐蚀的倾向性,但氧化温度为250℃时稳定偶合电流密度较小、电偶腐蚀效应不显著,而氧化温度为400℃时409钢在循环过程中将发生局部腐蚀,呈现出较大的偶合电流密度,电偶腐蚀效应较强。     

Q235钢-紫铜在不同温度酸性红壤中的电偶腐蚀行为

目的研究Q235钢-紫铜电偶对在不同温度红壤中,电偶腐蚀的加速效应和腐蚀机理。方法通过恒温恒湿箱模拟不同温度的酸性红壤环境。采用失重法测定Q235钢-紫铜电偶对的电偶腐蚀动力学曲线,采用ZRA零电阻电流计研究电偶电流和电偶电位随腐蚀时间的变化曲线。通过XRD、SEM/EDS检测腐蚀产物的成分和微观形貌。结果电偶腐蚀20 d后,土壤温度为20、40、60℃Q235钢的腐蚀质量损失分别为0.4276、0.9432、1.4622 g/dm~2,电偶腐蚀效应分别为4.51、2.90、2.56。Q235钢在酸性红壤中呈局部腐蚀形态,当土壤温度为20℃和40℃时,腐蚀产物主要由FeO、Fe_3O_4与土壤颗粒胶结形成,结构较疏松;当温度为60℃时,腐蚀产物主要由Fe_3O_4组成,结构较致密。随着腐蚀时间的增加,电偶电位呈现起伏波动,电偶电流减小。腐蚀20 d后,Q235-紫铜电偶对在60℃下的电偶电流(71.1μA)小于20℃下的电偶电流(336μA),电偶腐蚀作用较弱。结论土壤温度越高,Q235钢腐蚀越严重。腐蚀进行的后期,温度较高的红壤中,Q235钢形成的腐蚀产物结构致密,且土壤氧含量低,对电偶腐蚀产生抑制作用。     

两栖车辆7A52-38CrSi扰动电偶腐蚀研究

设计了7A52-38CrSi人造海水扰动电偶腐蚀试验,研究了水流速度对电偶电流、腐蚀电压的影响,结果表明:当腐蚀介质流速一定时,7A52-38CrSi电偶腐蚀电位差随时间的延长呈减小趋势,腐蚀电流也逐渐减小.2.5m/s的相对流速是7A52-38CrSi电偶对腐蚀速率变化的关键点.SEM和能谱分析方法分析表明,在腐蚀介质扰动条件下,7A52铝合金表面钝化变弱、极化现象受到抑制是电腐蚀加速的主要原因.     

镍基合金Inconel718与抗硫油套管钢在模拟气田地层水中的电偶腐蚀

采用电化学方法研究了在模拟罗家寨气田地层水中镍基合金Inconel718和抗硫管材VM80 SS之间的电偶腐蚀特征和电偶效应.结果表明，Inconel 718和VM80 SS的自腐蚀电位分别为-260 mV和-770 mV，当阴阳极面积比S=0.25，1，4，8时，电偶电位Eg处于-760 mV～-700 mV之间，随S增大，Eg正移，Ig/Aa的初始值、稳态值和平均值均增大；而Ig/Ac的初始值降低，稳态值变化不大.根据混合电位理论计算的VM80SS的电偶腐蚀效应γ随S增大而增大，γ=1.14～4.82.     

模拟深海低温环境中铜合金的电偶腐蚀行为

采用开路电位监测、线性极化等电化学手段,探讨了舰船常用的管路材料B10以及硅黄铜在模拟深海环境中的电化学腐蚀行为,同时采用自制的多通道电偶腐蚀测量仪和腐蚀失重法讨论了不同温度下B10和硅黄铜之间的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明,在静态海水中,腐蚀电偶序顺序为B10硅黄铜,B10作为偶合阴极受到保护,硅黄铜为偶合阳极被加速腐蚀,电偶腐蚀效应及电偶腐蚀敏感度随着温度的降低而降低,因为温度降低一方面减小了阴阳两极之间的驱动力,另一方面减弱了极化过程。     

X65/316L电偶对在模拟油田产出水中的电偶腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了X65/316L电偶对在模拟油田产出水环境中的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明,在pH值为7.15的模拟油田产出水中,当阴阳极面积比为2、1和0.5时,电偶电位在-708～-735mV之间,随着阴阳极面积比的增大,电偶电位正移,阳极电偶电流密度增大,但阴极电偶电流密度的变化范围不大。(SCE)电偶腐蚀效应随阴阳极面积比的增大而增大。阴阳极面积比为1时,电偶电流密度随pH值的减小而增大。     

钛及钛合金海水腐蚀的电化学研究

为使Ti在海洋工程上广泛应用和进一步认识这些材料在海水中的腐蚀特性。本研究选用常规的和自设计的电化学方法,研究了纯钛(TA2),Ti-6Al-4V(TC4),Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V(BT14)、Ti-4Al-0.005B(TA5),Ti-0.2Pd,Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni(Ti-12),Ti-3Al-2.5V(T-3-2),Cu70Ni30(B30),不锈钢(18-8)等材料在天然海水中的极化特性、腐蚀电位以及相互间偶对的电偶腐蚀效应,测试并描绘了稳定电位、电偶腐蚀的开路电位、电偶电流与时间曲线,计算了自腐蚀率和偶合后腐蚀率。实验表明:在天然海水中,Ti的腐蚀电位急剧正移,明显高于B30、18-8。具有良好的抗海水腐蚀性能,Ti、B30、18-8互相偶对,Ti-Ti偶合效应最小,Ti-18-8偶合效应次之,Ti-B30偶合效应最大,Ti本身不腐蚀,但加速了B30和18-8腐蚀。本文对Ti的海水腐蚀电化学研究方法作了评价。     

碳钢/Ti和碳钢/Ti/海军黄铜在海水中电偶腐蚀的研究

采用动电位极化技术及失重法研究Q235B碳钢/TA2钛和Q235B碳钢/TA2钛/海军黄铜在海水中的电偶腐蚀规律.测定了Q235B碳钢、TA2钛和海军黄铜在海水中的自然腐蚀电位、腐蚀速率和稳态极化曲线,测定了不同面积比时电偶对电偶电流的大小、方向,电偶电位以及电偶对阳极和阴极的失重速率,由电偶对不同面积比的数据得到Q235B碳钢被Ti电偶极化的动态极化曲线.结果表明,阳极的腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大而增加;阳极腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大有一个极限值,即当阴/阳极面积比大于这个极限值时,阳极腐蚀速率不再增加.这三种金属构成的电偶对,海军黄铜是这个系统的阴极,受到碳钢的保护.     

5383铝合金与907钢和铝青铜早期电偶腐蚀的平面分布

通过电偶电流测试和腐蚀形貌观察等方法,研究了5383铝合金分别与907钢和铝青铜组成的两种电偶体系的早期电偶腐蚀平面分布。研究结果发现,两种电偶对中5383铝合金为阳极,907钢和铝青铜则始终为阴极受到保护;5383铝合金的腐蚀形貌有亚稳点蚀、不规则点蚀和类丝状腐蚀;电偶电流随时间变化规律相似,即腐蚀初期电流迅速降低,之后趋于稳定;与偶接点的距离增大,电偶电流降低,且远端的电流分布较为均匀;5383铝合金与907钢偶接时比与铝青铜偶接时大部分区域电流密度更小,但电偶腐蚀更加集中于2 mm内的区域。     

Electrochemical methods study on corrosion of 5% Al–Zn alloy‐coated steel under thin electrolyte layers

The corrosion behavior of a 5% Al–Zn alloy (GF) coated steel was investigated under cyclic wet–dry condition using electrochemical techniques. The wet–dry cycle was conducted by exposure to alternate condition of 1 h immersion in seawater and 7 h drying at ambient temperature. The polarization resistance, R_p of the coating was monitored during the wet–dry cycles by two points AC impedance method and the corrosion potential, E_corr was measured only when the coating was immersed in seawater. Simultaneously, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the coating was obtained after it was immersed in different cycles of wet–dry condition. The results obtained by two points AC impedance method had good agreement with those achieved from EIS technique, which proved that the two points AC impedance method was correct and an effective method for atmospheric corrosion study. The monitoring results indicated that the corrosion rate of GF coating firstly increased, then decreased slowly with time, and at last reached a relative steady state with local corrosion under the cyclic wet–dry alternate condition.     

船舶用Ti70合金在人工海水中的腐蚀行为研究

采用全浸腐蚀和电偶腐蚀实验,研究了Ti70合金的均匀腐蚀行为,以及与945钢的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明：Ti70合金耐蚀性能极好,在60 ℃人工海水浸泡30 d后试样出现了轻微增重,腐蚀速率为-5.857×10^-4 mm/a,达到了I级完全耐蚀级别;Ti70合金自腐蚀电位远高于945钢,两者偶联时945钢将作为阳极被加速腐蚀;随着Ti70/945钢偶对面积比增加,945钢质量损失、以及电偶腐蚀电流和电偶腐蚀系数均逐渐增加,当两者偶对面积比为1∶1时,电偶腐蚀敏感等级达到了D级,因此当Ti70合金与945钢接触使用时需对945钢进行阴极保护。     

锌合金牺牲阳极海水干湿交替条件下的电化学性能研究

对Zn-Al-Cd合金牺牲阳极在海水全浸和海水干湿交替条件下的电化学性能进行了对比研究,并对阳极表面腐蚀产物的形貌和阳极表面溶解状况进行了分析。随着干湿交替次数的增加,锌合金阳极的工作电位逐渐正移,发出电流的能力逐渐减弱,阳极活性逐渐降低,电流效率明显下降。在干湿交替条件下,锌合金阳极表面腐蚀产物更为致密,表面溶解状况不如全浸时的均匀。表面腐蚀产物层致密和局部腐蚀是造成干湿交替条件下锌合金牺牲阳极活性和电流效率降低的主要原因。     

不锈钢包钢在红壤中的电偶腐蚀行为

通过失重法、电化学方法研究了不锈钢包钢在红壤中的电偶腐蚀行为,采用SEM、XRD观察分析试样的表面形貌及腐蚀产物。结果表明:不锈钢-碳钢电偶对的形成加速了阳极金属材料的腐蚀,随着电偶对阴阳极面积比的增加,电偶电流逐渐增大;不锈钢在浸泡45d后基本没有发生腐蚀,而碳钢则发生了极严重的全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为铁的氧化物。     

Study on the Galvanic Current of Corrosion Behavior for AH32 Long-Scale Specimen in Simulated Tidal ZoneEI北大核心CSCD

The environment of the tidal zone is very complex. The interactions of dry-wet alternation and sea erosion lead to serious corrosion of steel structures, which makes it difficult to adopt protective methods. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the corrosion and protection methods of steel in tidal zone. For long-scale steel through the tidal zone and immersion zone, there is a big difference in corrosion behavior with complete immersion condition, the potential of the steel surface changes due to the influence of oxygen concentration difference and tidal fluctuations or other factors. In this study, the galvanic current and open circuit potential of the long-scale AH32 steel were monitored in simulated tidal zone. The results shows that the potential at different tide levels and different immersion depths for a long-scale AH32 specimen is not unified, with the macro cell was formed by the difference of oxygen supply, which caused internal galvanic current. The essence of the galvanic current is the net current that was generated by the sum of anode and cathode current. Galvanic current at different positions on the long-scale AH32 specimen varies with the tidal movement periodically in tidal zone. When tide is at the highest level, the galvanic current of all parts accesses a maximum value, and among these maximum values, the largest one is at the middle part of specimen, which causes the biggest anodic dissolution current density. According to the variation of the galvanic current, the time distributions of the drying, wetting and immersion states were calculated, and the results showed that the corrosion scale of the long-scale AH32 specimen at different positions depends on the time all location of wetting and immersion in tidal zone. The macro cell caused the galvanic current when all parts of the specimen were immersed. At wetting state, the solution resistance of the thin liquid film is very large, which leads to the change of the driving potential of the macro cell into the potential drop. Thus, macro cell is ineffective in the wetting state and cannot produce the galvanic current. According to the relation between wetting time and quantity of electricity at wetting state, the maximum wetting time of the long-scale AH32 specimen is shown above average mean tide level in tidal zone, which indicates that the corrosion loss of this part is maximum due to wetting state. In addition to weight loss measurements, maximum of it for long-scale AH32 specimen was obtained at the average mean tide level caused by immersion state. It can be indicated the maximum weight loss of the long-scale AH32 specimen should appear upper the average mean tide level part in tidal zone. These results were consistent with measurements of corrosion rates.     

5083铝合金与2205不锈钢在天然海水中的电偶腐蚀行为

研究了5083铝合金与2205不锈钢在不同面积比条件下青岛天然海水环境中的电偶腐蚀行为,得到了电偶混合电位和电偶电流。结果表明,2205不锈钢与5083铝合金形成电偶时,由于自腐蚀电位的差值较大,容易造成明显的电偶腐蚀。无论阴阳极面积相等还是在大阴极小阳极的情况下,5083铝合金与2205不锈钢均形成电偶腐蚀,都会加速5083铝合金的腐蚀,2205不锈钢则会受到保护。因此,在海水环境中要避免这两种材料的直接接触,必须采取绝缘防护措施。     

饱和CO_2盐溶液中镍基合金和碳钢的电偶腐蚀行为

在油田中管材应用种类繁多,难免存在不同材料的耦接使用。应用电化学法和溶液浸泡方法研究了P110SS-Inconel 718两种材料耦接的电偶对在含高Cl-的饱和CO2溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察电偶对材料浸泡后的腐蚀形貌。结果表明:在Cl-浓度不变的情况下,随着溶液介质温度的升高,两种材料的自腐蚀电位均有不同程度的降低;耦接后,电偶对的电偶电流密度随着温度的升高而增大,表面腐蚀坑明显增深。浸泡试验表明:耦接后作为阳极的P110SS的腐蚀程度相比单独浸泡时加剧。     

Corrosion behavior of titanium-clad carbon steel in weakly alkaline solutions

The electrochemical polarization curves and corrosion potentials during long-term immersion of Ti, carbon steel, carbon steel tightened-Ti and Ti-clad carbon steel specimens were investigated in bentonite-contacting solution (mixture of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate solutions), sodium sulfate solution and borate solution adjusted to pH=9.0-9.84. Ti and carbon steel were passivated during immersion in borate solution, while carbon steel was corroded in the solutions containing SO₄²⁻ ions. The immersion potentials of Ti-clad steel and steel-tightened Ti specimens were controlled by the corrosion potential of carbon steel (about 0 V vs. RHE at 298 K). The Ti side of the clad specimen was, therefore, polarized cathodically at this immersion potential, and this caused hydration of and/or hydrogen penetration into the oxide film, resulting in degradation of its barrier property. Furthermore, the cathodic current on the Ti side was partially coupled with the anodic current in the corrosion reaction on the carbon steel side, resulting in acceleration of the overall corrosion rate.