铝合金焊接接头冲击强化的性能

为了提高铝合金焊接接头的力学性能,试验分别采用超声波和调Q脉冲YAG激光对A6061-T6铝合金焊接接头焊趾附近处进行冲击强化,研究了超声波和激光冲击强化下铝合金焊接接头的性能.两种冲击强化模式下,铝合金焊接接头焊趾处近表面均发生了冲击强化效果,并产生了较大的残余压应力,超声波和激光冲击强化后产生的最大残余压应力分别为 -158 MPa和 -145 MPa左右.超声波与激光冲击强化铝合金焊接接头的疲劳寿命差别不大,均比焊态下试样的疲劳寿命提高1倍以上.两种冲击强化方法的疲劳试验样件断裂位置均发生在基体金属上,而焊趾处没有疲劳裂纹产生.     

激光冲击工艺对钛合金疲劳寿命的影响

研究激光加工工艺对Ti6A14V航空钛合金叶片表面粗糙度和残余应力的影响，并分析影响表面质量的激光加工工艺参数；探讨表面粗糙度和表面残余应力对叶片疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明，采用激光冲击航空叶片，叶片表面残余压应力大大增强，从而使得其抗疲劳破坏能力增强，而表面粗糙度减小；在激光脉冲功率允许的范围内，选择合适的冲击参数能有效降低叶片表面粗糙度，而表面残余压应力对疲劳寿命的影响起主导作用。     

激光冲击强化对7050-T7451铝合金残余应力和力学性能的影响

对7050-T7451铝合金试样进行激光冲击强化,研究不同激光功率密度和冲击次数对铝合金残余应力和性能的影响。试验结果表明:激光冲击强化可以有效提高试样表面显微硬度,且硬度随着冲击次数的增加而增大,最高达172 HV0.05,较未强化试样提高了17%,硬度影响层深度可达750 μm。当激光功率密度为7.28 GW/cm²时,激光冲击1次后试样表面粗糙度为0.279 μm,比原始磨削表面的粗糙度下降了22.5%,随着冲击次数的增加,表面粗糙度逐渐增大,但均小于原始表面粗糙度。激光冲击强化可以大幅提高试样表面残余压应力,当激光功率密度为7.28 GW/cm²、冲击3次时残余压应力最大,可达－227.0 MPa。当激光功率密度为4.37 GW/cm²、冲击3次时,激光冲击强化可以有效提高试样的疲劳寿命(大于10⁶次),相比未强化试样提高2.3倍。激光冲击强化后表面残余压应力和显微硬度大幅提升可以有效抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而提升7050-T7451铝合金的抗疲劳性能。     

激光冲击喷丸对LY12合金疲劳寿命的影响

研究了激光冲击喷丸对含中心紧固孔LY12合金试样的疲劳寿命的影响。试样表面经连续三次激光冲击喷丸处理后,可获得351MPa的表面残余压应力,且深度可达1．3mm以上。疲劳试验结果显示,激光冲击喷丸后,试样的裂纹扩展速率比未喷丸试样低约一个数量级,疲劳寿命约为未喷丸试样的20倍。结果表明,激光冲击喷丸是改善构件或材料疲劳性能的有效表面处理技术,在航空工业具有广泛的应用前景。     

激光冲击强化对7050铝合金小孔结构残余应力和疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光冲击强化对7050 T7451铝合金小孔结构显微硬度、残余应力和疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:当激光能量为30 J、光斑直径ø4 mm,冲击2次时,7050 T7451铝合金显微硬度显著提高,表层硬度相对于母材提高约12%且硬化层深度可达1 mm;残余压应力幅值超过300 MPa,影响深度可达约1 mm,明显大于喷丸强化残余应力影响层深度。激光冲击诱导的残余压应力可提高疲劳裂纹的萌生抗力,其较深的残余压应力层则有利于延长裂纹的扩展寿命。激光冲击强化后小孔结构疲劳寿命相对于母材提高了4.7~17.6倍,且其疲劳寿命增益及稳定性明显优于喷丸强化。     

Experimental techniques for studying the effects of milling roller-burnishing parameters on surface integrity

Roller-burnishing is used in place of other traditional methods to finish 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. How to select the burnishing parameters to improve surface integrity (reduce surface roughness, increase surface microhardness and produce compressive residual stress) is especially crucial. This paper presents an investigation of the effect of roller-burnishing upon surface roughness, surface microhardness and residual stress of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The residual stress distribution in the surface region that was burnished is determined using a deflection-etching technique. Mathematical models correlating three process parameters: burnishing speed, burnishing depth of penetration and number of passes, are established. A Group Method of Data Handling Technique, GMDH, is used. It is shown that low burnishing speeds and high depths of penetration produce much smoother surfaces, whereas a combination of high speed with high depth leads to rougher surfaces because of chatter. The optimum number of passes that produces a good surface finish was found to be 3 or 4. The maximum value of compressive residual stress decreases with an increase in burnishing speed. The maximum compressive residual stress increases with an increase in burnishing depth of penetration and/or number of passes.     

The effect of hole drilling on fatigue and residual stress properties of shot-peened aluminum panels

The effect of hole drilling after shot peening on the fatigue life and residual stress state of selected aluminum alloys was investigated. Compared to the unpeened condition, the hole drilling after shot peening reduced the fatigue life of the 2024-T351 and 2324-T39 alloys to a small extent. On the other hand, the fatigue life of 7150-T7751 decreased considerably due to hole drilling after shot peening. A compressive residual stress was at the surface of the shot peened specimens. Hole drilling reduced the compressive residual stress by 60%. The excess dislocation density was mostly concentrated at the surface of the specimens.     

TC17钛合金激光冲击温强化机制的研究

目的提高材料在交变载荷和高温下的疲劳性能,稳定材料的位错结构,增加位错的钉扎效果,使激光诱导的残余压应力更加稳定,有效地抑制强化效果的高温失稳。方法通过提高温度发生动态应变时效(DSA),并与激光冲击温强化(WLSP)结合,使得材料表面形成更深的残余应力层和纳米级沉淀相。对TC17钛合金温控激光冲击强化后的显微硬度、残余应力等性能进行了初步探索。结果经200℃的WLSP后,TC17钛合金的显微硬度可达385HV,相比未强化时提高了18.48%,相比于室温的LSP提高了4.62%。深度方向的残余压应力幅值呈现先增大后减小的趋势,200℃时残余应力达到-236 MPa,相比于常温强化提高了14.56%。观察微观组织发现,位错结构的稳定性和位错密度得到提高。结论激光冲击温强化(WLSP)技术提高了材料表面残余压应力层的高温稳定性,有利于抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,有效地提高了高温条件下残余应力和表面强度的稳定性。该技术操作相对简单,无污染,残余应力高温维稳效果显著。     

激光冲击TC17钛合金叶片的微观组织/应力演变及缺口振动疲劳性能

目的 提高航空发动机叶片的抗疲劳性能。方法 采用高功率密度短脉冲激光冲击某型发动机TC17钛合金整体叶盘叶片模拟件,并采用飞秒激光在进气边预制缺口。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征激光冲击前后的表层微观组织。通过X射线衍射和三坐标测量仪分别测量激光冲击强化过程中的残余应力演变和宏观塑性变形,并由一阶弯曲振动疲劳对激光冲击强化效果进行评价。结果 激光冲击在TC17钛合金叶片表层诱导产生了高密度位错组织,但由于冲击次数的控制,未产生明显的晶粒细化效应。激光冲击叶盆面后,叶盆面呈现压应力状态,残余应力为330.5 MPa,叶背面呈现拉应力状态,其值为55.5 MPa。进一步激光冲击叶背面后,叶背面的拉应力转变为压应力,其值达到了267.0 MPa,叶盆面残余压应力减小,由330.5 MPa变为261.9 MPa。激光冲击叶盆面后,进气边与叶尖交点偏离初始位置0.119 1、0.129 1 mm;冲击叶背面后,位移偏离初始位置减小,分别为0.071 08、0.099 mm。激光冲击强化后,缺口振动疲劳寿命显著提升,平均循环次数由56 696周次增加到199 515周次,出现了明显的裂纹闭合效应。结论 激光冲击强化在TC17钛合金表层引入了高密度位错组织和双面贯穿式残余压应力,并将叶片宏观塑性变形控制在0.1 mm以内,在疲劳性能上获得了显著的提升。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on fatigue performance of shot-peened aluminium alloy 7075-T651

Pitting corrosion has a major influence on aging of structural elements made of high-strength aluminium alloys as corrosion pits lead to earlier fatigue crack initiation under tensile dynamic loading. A cause of fatigue crack initiation in a corrosive medium is a stress concentration at a corroded area. In order to improve material resistance to corrosion fatigue it is necessary to reduce pit-tip stresses. To eliminate or reduce pit stresses, cold surface hardening by shot peening was proposed. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of surface hardening by shot peening on electrochemical stability and corrosion fatigue properties of high-strength aluminium alloy 7075-T651 in the corrosive environment of a chloride solution. The results obtained show a favourable influence of shot-peening treatment on corrosion fatigue properties. Induced compressive residual stresses in the surface layer retard the initiation of fatigue cracks, and so the fatigue life improvement of structural elements made of high-strength aluminium alloys was observed.     

激光冲击强化对紧固孔疲劳寿命的影响(英文)

研究激光冲击对航空铝合金LY12CZ紧固孔疲劳特性的影响,孔的直径为d3 mm。利用X射线衍射法测量残余应力,对试件进行疲劳断裂实验,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试件疲劳断口的微观特征。结果表明:激光冲击会在紧固孔端面形成残余压应力,冲击试件的疲劳寿命是未冲击的3.5倍。通过断口的观察和比较发现,冲击后试件的疲劳裂纹源于次表层,而不是源于试件表层,冲击后疲劳断口快速扩展区的疲劳条纹间距比未冲击试件疲劳断口快速扩展区的疲劳条纹间距要小。另外,在冲击试件断裂区的韧窝明显比未冲击的要大,这与冲击时材料内发生塑性变形有关。     

Effects of laser shock processing on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Laser shock processing (LSP) is a new technique for strengthening metals. The effects of LSP on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloy were investigated. Water-immersed specimens of AZ31B magnesium alloy were shocked by Q-switched Nd: glass laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. A fine-grained structure with an average sub-grain size of 5.8 μm was obtained after four laser impacts. Residual stress distribution as a function of depth was assessed by using X-ray diffraction technology. It was observed that with increasing the number of laser impacts, the compressive residual stress near the surface increased. The depth of the compressive residual stress induced by LSP exceeded 0.8 mm from the surface. SCC test in 1 wt.% NaOH solution showed that LSP retarded the SCC initiation and growth in AZ31B Mg alloy.     

新型光斑搭接对平顶激光冲击钛合金力学性能的影响

针对平顶光束的特点,为简化工艺,提高加工效率,提出了一种简化加工过程的搭接率工艺方法。采用一种纵向25%、横向56.5%的搭接率工艺,并对该搭接率下的残余应力、显微硬度、高周疲劳极限等力学性进行验证,对比其与传统50%搭接率下的性能差异。结果表明：在新型搭接率下,平顶激光冲击钛合金表面产生的残余压应力均值为-564.5 MPa,影响深度达0.82 mm;在传统搭接率下,表面产生的残余压应力均值为-559.2 MPa,影响深度达0.81 mm。在新型和传统两种搭接率下,平顶激光冲击钛合金表面重叠次数多的位置,显微硬度平均值分别为570.9和562.6 HV_0.3,重叠次数少的显微硬度平均值分别为432.1和453.4 HV_0.3;钛合金截面上的硬化层深度均为0.4 mm。在新型和传统两种搭接率下,平顶光束冲击钛合金的疲劳极限分别为256.3和264.6 MPa。基于平顶光束,与传统工艺相比,简化的新型搭接率工艺可以获得较好的力学性能,并提高加工效率,降低加工成本。     

激光冲击强化对2524铝合金疲劳寿命的影响

目的探索激光冲击工艺参数对2524铝合金疲劳寿命的影响。方法开展不同激光能量、不同冲击次数下的激光冲击强化实验,测试其残余应力和表面硬度,并进行裂纹扩展实验和显微组织观察。结果激光冲击强化能显著提高材料的表面硬度,且材料的硬度值随着冲击能量和冲击次数的增加而递增,但硬度增长率随冲击次数增多而降低。激光冲击强化在试样表层形成较大的残余压应力,使用6.25 J的激光能量冲击1次,最大残余压应力可达-222MPa,并且残余压应力随着激光能量和冲击次数增加而增加,但冲击强化次数存在阈值。相较于未冲击试样,激光冲击1次的试样的疲劳寿命提升32%,冲击2次的疲劳寿命提升41%。对试样断口进行微观形貌观察,在裂纹长度为28 mm处,未冲击试样、激光冲击1次和冲击2次试样的疲劳条带间距分别为1.06、0.628、0.488μm,裂纹扩展速率分别为1.06×10^-3、6.28×10^-4、4.88×10^-4 mm/N。结论激光冲击强化能显著提高2524铝合金的表面硬度,并在表面产生较大的残余压应力。激光冲击强化能够有效迟滞2524-T3铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,进而有效延长疲劳寿命。     

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al alloys with different hardening mechanisms

The mechanical properties of precipitation hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 and strain hardened Al 5083-H32, friction stir welded with various welding parameters, were examined in the present study. 4 mm thick Al 6061-T651, Al 7075-T6, and Al 5083-H32 alloy plates were used for friction stir welding (FSW) with rotating speed varied from 1000 to 2500 rpm (rotation per minute) and welding speed ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm (m/min). Each alloy displayed slightly different trends with respect to the effect of different welding parameters on the tensile properties of the FSWed Al alloys. The tensile elongation of FSWed Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 tended to increase greatly, while the tensile strength decreased marginally, with increasing welding speed and/or decreasing rotating speed. The tensile strength and the tensile elongation of Al 6061-T651 decreased from 135 to 154 MPa and 10.6 to 17.0%, respectively, with increasing welding speed from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm at a rotating speed of 1,600 rpm. Unlike the age-hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6, the strain-hardened Al 5083-H32 showed no notable change in tensile property with varying welding parameters. The change in the strength level with different welding parameters for each alloy was not as significant as the variation in tensile elongation. It was believed that the tensile elongation of FSWed Al alloys with varying welding parameters was mainly determined by the coarse particle clustering. With respect to the change in tensile strength during friction stir welding, it is hypothesized that two competing mechanisms, recovery by friction and heat and strain hardening by plastic flow in the weld zone offset the effects of different welding parameters on the tensile strength level of FSWed Al alloys.     

激光冲击强化对钛合金疲劳寿命影响综述EI北大核心CSCD

对提升钛合金零件的疲劳强度,已有相关技术的试验研究,但缺乏对技术的系统介绍,阻碍了该技术的产业化应用。通过整理大量试验数据及其结果,就激光冲击强化对钛合金零件的疲劳特性的影响展开分析。简要介绍激光冲击强化技术的发展状况,分别从表面形貌、残余应力、微观组织、硬度、表面粗糙度等方面进行分析总结。结果发现,当激光脉冲能量为7 J时,材料塑性变形量最大;当激光功率密度为3 GW/cm^(2),材料表面残余压应力值最高;当冲击次数达到5次以上时,材料表层的位错密度不断增大;当在工件表面覆盖一层高强度的光滑金属接触膜时,材料表面粗糙度将降低。综合数据可知激光功率密度及冲击次数对钛合金疲劳寿命的影响最大。整理了大量试验数据,可为得到最佳的激光冲击强化效果及提升疲劳寿命提供理论参考。     

On the Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet in an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H2O2

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet was investigated in the long transverse direction using the slow strain rate testing technique. The synthetic environment used was an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H₂O₂. No indications of SCC sensitivity are observed for the alloys 2024-T351, 8090-T81, and 2091 CPHK-T8X. The alloys 2091 T8X and 6061-T4 are found to be susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. At strain rates below 4 · 10^?7 s^?1, the slow strain rate testing technique indicates a slight SCC sensitivity with alloy 6013-T6. Fractography reveals transgranular stress corrosion cracking. Transgranular stress corrosion cracking is also observed with 6061-T4 specimens which are dynamically strained at strain rates below 5 · 10^?7 s^?1. Aqueous 3% NaCl solution with hydrogen peroxide addition promotes pitting and intergranular corrosion. The loss of ductility caused by these corrosion processes interferes with the evaluation of the results of the slow strain rate testing technique.     

激光冲击TC17钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展试验

为研究激光冲击强化对钛合金试件疲劳性能的影响,在标准试件的裂纹扩展路径上设计了全强化和间隔强化两种不同的强化方案,研究激光冲击强化对试件疲劳寿命和裂纹稳定扩展时速率的影响规律,利用有限元数值模拟和X射线残余应力测试获得了试件的残余应力场分布状态,并对比分析了试件的断口形貌和微观组织特征。结果表明:相比于未强化试件,激光冲击强化后试件的平均疲劳寿命分别提高了2.14倍和1.90倍,两种不同的冲击强化方法分别降低钛合金试件的裂纹扩展速率24%和15%。间隔强化后试件表面产生-512 MPa的最大残余压应力,裂纹扩展的C′值为-7.3,m值为2.6,而强化间隔区引入最大值为82.4 MPa的残余拉应力,裂纹扩展速率急剧升高,C′值减小至-13.6,m值为8.0。当裂纹扩展到强化区时,扩展速率再次降低,激光冲击强化对TC17钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展有显著的抑制作用。     

斜激光冲击强化残余应力场的数值仿真分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对激光冲击强化过程进行有限元数值模拟,比较垂直冲击和斜冲击后LY12CZ航空铝合金板料的变形和残余应力场的分布。结果表明:斜激光冲击强化会在板材表层产生残余拉应力,并使压应力降低;通过垂直冲击和斜冲击配合使用,可以对激光冲击强化残余应力场进行优化。对激光冲击强化工艺参数的合理优化、板料变形过程的有效控制和进一步的实验研究具有指导意义。     

表面曲率对激光冲击曲面材料表面残余应力场分布的影响

目的针对曲面材料在激光冲击作用下,表面曲率对激光冲击波传播存在影响,使其残余应力场分布情况不同于平面,分析其形成机理。方法将研究对象设置为凸模型,借助有限元软件ABAQUS,模拟了1500MPa冲击压力下,激光冲击波分别加载1/5、1/10、1/15曲率的7050铝合金试样。设置相应的平面试样作为对照组,并采用相同参数条件进行实验验证。结果当曲率为1/5时,冲击后的材料表面残余应力场分布不均匀,在母线方向的光斑边缘处,残余压应力仅为-237.0 MPa,塑性应变层深为0.5878μm;在圆周方向的光斑边缘处残余压应力为-258.5 MPa,较母线方向增加9.07%,塑性应变层深达到1.235μm,较母线方向增加110.11%。这一现象随着曲率的减小而逐渐消失,当曲率小于1/15时,表面残余应力场分布近似平面。结论激光冲击凸模型时,表面残余压应力场分布存在偏向现象,即试样沿母线方向的残余压应力值小于圆周方向,其对应的塑性应变深度也呈相同的规律。