锻造粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金的性能和组织研究

摘 要: 本文对粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金进行不同方式的锻造，并对锻造前后的性能和组织进行分析。研究表明，锻造是提高粉末冶金钛合金致密度、提高力学性能的有效手段。一方面，对粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金在不同温度下进行一次锻造变形，发现960℃锻造后合金塑性最高，延伸率达到15.44%；随着锻造温度升高，组织中等轴α不断减少，逐渐向网篮组织转变，塑性有所降低，但是由于粉末的原始颗粒边界对晶粒长大的阻碍作用，在1150℃锻造后粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金的晶粒没有明显长大，小于20μm的晶粒约占71%。晶粒尺寸小，有利于材料的塑性，其延伸率仍达到14.30%。因此，粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金比传统熔铸钛合金具有更宽的锻造温度窗口。另一方面，对粉末冶金Ti6Al4V合金在不同温度下进行二次锻造变形，首先在高温锻造，利用小变形量的高温锻造来提高粉末钛合金的致密度，然后在低温进行二次锻造，获取需要的组织。经过两次锻造变形的Ti6Al4V合金的延伸率均大于17%，抗拉强度大于990MPa，屈服强度大于960MPa。     

Ti3Al-Ni合金的吸氢和放氢性能

近年来 ,具有大容量的新型储氢材料受到广泛关注。D0 1 9-Ti3Al合金由于质轻和超过 3 %的吸氢容量而成为具有储氢潜质的合金之一。然而 ,Ti3AlHX 合金由于稳定性好 ,即吸氢温度太高而无法实际应用。这就使得降低吸氢温度变得必要和重要起来。最近 ,日本学者S .ManO通过Ni替换Ti75-XAl2 5MX (X =15 %和 2 5 % )合金中的合金元素 ,研究了Ni元素在吸氢前后对Ti3Al合金晶体结构的影响 ,同时分析了吸氢含量和放氢温度的变化。实验用材料选用氩气保护下电弧熔炼的Ti75-XAl2 5MX (X =0～ 2 5mol% )合金 ,经过真空下的 10 73K/180h/3 0…     

Mg1.7M0.3(M＝Mg,Ti,Al)Ni贮氢合金结构及性能研究

采用固态烧结法制备了Mg1 7M0 3(M =Mg、Ti、Al)Ni贮氢合金 ,X射线衍射分析结果表明 ,适当提高烧结温度有利于Mg2 Ni相的形成 ;Ti对Mg的取代未引起合金相结构的明显变化 ,而Al取代Mg除有Mg2 Ni相外 ,还有一呈立方晶体结构的新相生成。Ti、Al对Mg的取代 ,不仅提高了Mg2 Ni合金的放电容量 ,同时也提高了合金的循环寿命。     

微量Ti对Mg-9Al合金显微组织和性能的影响

研究了微量Ti对Mg-9Al二元合金铸造显微组织和性能的影响.研究发现,Ti的加入,使得Mg-9Al合金的塑性增加,明显提高了Mg-9Al合金的抗腐蚀性能.分析结果表明,残留Ti弥散分布在合金的基体中,Ti的加入有效降低了Fe的含量,一定程度上“净化”了合金液,抑制了合金凝固时的异质形核,使组织晶粒粗化.实验发现,炉前加入0.12%的Ti(质量分数,下同)时,Mg-9Al合金的晶粒大小由145μm增大到188μm.随着Ti的加入,Mg-9Al铸造组织中β相的形态,由半连续骨骼网状改变为短条状和颗粒状.当炉前加入0.12%的Ti时,Mg-9Al合金的综合性能较佳.     

Ti6Al4V合金相变及吸氢热力学研究（英文）

在823～1023 K的氢化温度范围内对Ti6Al4V合金进行了压力-成分等温线测试,研究了Ti6Al4V合金的相变和吸氢热力学。结果表明,当Ti6Al4V合金在不同的氢化温度下进行置氢处理时,氢压随着氢含量的增加而逐渐升高。由于Ti6Al4V合金中原始β相的存在,在置氢处理过程中,每个压力-成分等温线只有一个倾斜的压力平台。根据Vant’s Hoff定律,压力平台区的焓变值和熵变值分别为-50.7±0.26 k J/mol和-138.4±0.69 J·K~(-1)·mol~(-1)。随着置氢温度的升高,Sieverts常数呈先增大后逐渐减小的趋势。分析了Ti6Al4V合金在置氢处理过程中的相组成和相变。     

掺V和Ag的TiAl合金中缺陷和电子密度的正电子湮没研究

测量了Ti50Al50，Ti50Al48V2，Ti50Al48Ag2合金和充分退火的Ti，Al，Ag，V金属的正电子寿命谱，利用正电子寿命参数分别计算了合金基体和缺陷态的自由电子密度。TiAl合金的脆性与其基体和晶界缺陷处的自由电子密度较低有关。在富Ti的TiAl合金中加入V，V原子比Al和Ti原子能提供较多的自由电子参与形成金属键，因而提高了合金基体和晶界缺陷处的自由电子密度；在TiAl合金中加入Ag也有类似的效应。在TiAl合金中加入V和Ag，有利于提高合金的韧性。     

Ti6Al4V合金吸氢行为研究

研究了Ti6Al4V合金在不同置氢温度、保温时间和氢压下的吸氢行为,利用光学显微镜研究了氢在钛合金中的分布规律。研究结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金的氢含量是由置氢温度、保温时间和氢压来控制的。随着置氢温度的升高,氢含量先增加后降低。随着氢压的增加,氢含量直线增加。钛合金的吸氢过程实质上是氢的扩散过程,随着保温时间的增加,合金中的氢分布逐渐趋于一致。     

Ti6Al4V合金吸氢行为研究（英文）

研究了Ti6Al4V合金在不同置氢温度、保温时间和氢压下的吸氢行为,利用光学显微镜研究了氢在钛合金中的分布规律。结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金的氢含量是由置氢温度、保温时间和氢压来控制的。随着置氢温度的升高,氢含量先增加后降低。随着氢压的增加,氢含量直线增加。钛合金的吸氢过程实质上是氢的扩散过程,随着保温时间的增加,合金中的氢分布逐渐趋于一致。     

置氢TC4钛合金与TiAl合金的扩散连接研究

分别对Ti Al合金与TC4钛合金、置氢0.5 wt%的TC4钛合金进行了扩散焊接试验。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析仪、能谱分析仪对接头界面进行了分析,并开展了抗剪强度试验。结果表明,在焊接温度为850℃,连接压力为15 MPa的工艺参数下,当保温时间为5 min时,连接界面存在细小孔洞;当保温时间为15 min时,置氢TC4钛合金的界面孔洞消失,并且产生一定厚度的反应层:保温时间达到30 min时,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金接头的连接强度平均可达290 MPa。断口分析表明,界面组织主要由Ti Al、Ti_3Al、Ti Al_2和Ti_3Al_5相组成。在相同的扩散焊接工艺规范下,置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度明显高于未置氢TC4钛合金与Ti Al合金的扩散接头连接强度。     

Ti6Al4V合金相变及吸氢热力学研究

在823~1023 K的氢化温度范围内对Ti6Al4V合金进行了压力-成分等温线测试,研究了Ti6Al4V合金的相变和吸氢热力学。结果表明,当Ti6Al4V合金在不同的氢化温度下进行置氢处理时,氢压随着氢含量的增加而逐渐升高。由于Ti6Al4V合金中原始β相的存在,在置氢处理过程中,每个压力-成分等温线只有一个倾斜的压力平台。根据Vant''s Hoff定律,压力平台区的焓变值和熵变值分别为 -50.7±0.26 kJ/mol和-138.4±0.69 J·K^-1·mol^-1。随着置氢温度的升高,Sieverts常数呈先增大后逐渐减小的趋势。分析了Ti6Al4V合金在置氢处理过程中的相组成和相变。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.