铝基彩色超疏水表面制备

先用电化学刻蚀在铝表面加工出超疏水性所需的微纳米粗糙结构,再通过直流阳极氧化在微纳米结构表面形成氧化层,并在高锰酸钾和硫酸的混合溶液中进行电解着色,最后通过氟硅烷修饰降低表面能后即可获得彩色的铝基超疏水表面。对样品表面的微观形貌、化学成分及润湿性进行了表征,结果表明:当电解加工时间为4 min时,铝表面颜色较暗,其超疏水性一般,水滴与表面的接触角达到153.1°,滚动角为1°;当电解加工时间为3 min时,铝表面为黄褐色,有较好的疏水性能,水滴与表面的接触角达到157.2°,滚动角为1°。     

铝基碳化硅复合材料超疏水表面的蚀刻制备及性能表征

通过简单的盐酸溶液蚀刻方法在2024铝基碳化硅复合材料基体上制备出超疏水表面,电镜观察结果显示,蚀刻后复合材料中碳化硅颗粒自身作为超疏水结构所必需的微米级结构,而碳化硅微粒上又具有纳米级颗粒,形成了类似荷叶表面的微米-纳米二级复合结构。结合氟硅烷修饰,获得了接触角高达157.02°,滚动角5°的超疏水表面。实验研究了不同蚀刻液浓度和时间对表面疏水性的影响,得到特定条件下的最佳工艺参数:盐酸溶液浓度15%(质量分数),蚀刻时间2 min。性能测试结果表明,所制超疏水表面具有较好的抗酸碱性能、稳定性、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性能。     

280 简易快速的表面超疏水涂层制备及其性能

目的 低成本简易快速地制备出耐腐蚀超疏水涂层,并研究表面喷砂对超疏水涂层的影响。方法 利用喷砂和抛光这2种表面处理方式和喷涂工艺在5050铝合金板基体表面构建出具有多级结构的超疏水表面。通过润湿性、电化学腐蚀、耐磨性、浸泡耐久性和自清洁测试等试验,分别评价制备样品表面的润湿性、耐海水腐蚀、耐磨性、耐长时间浸泡性能和自清洁性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对表面形貌和元素成分进行分析。结果 制备的样品表面具有优异的超疏水性能。在30次喷涂次数下,喷砂基底的涂层表面的水滴静态接触角为(153.9±1)°,动态滚动角为(2.99±0.5)°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2涂层可以有效增强铝合金表面的耐腐蚀性能。试验中,样品在25次砂纸摩擦后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(97±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(102.4±1)°。样品在NaCl溶液浸泡10 d后,抛光基底的涂层表面的接触角为(69.4±1)°,喷砂基底的涂层表面的接触角为(113.7±1)°。结论 所制备的喷砂和抛光基体在经过不同次数的喷涂氟硅树脂/SiO2复合涂料后具备超疏水性能,且喷砂基底的涂层表面具有更低的滚动角。涂层修饰的表面在NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能随着喷涂次数的提升而增强。在相同的喷涂条件下,喷砂处理基体能提高超疏水表面的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和耐久性。     

阴极刻蚀法制备超疏水铝镀层及其抗腐蚀性能研究

对硅基磁控溅射铝镀层表面加载阴极电流,在镀层表面构建了微纳复合结构,并通过十四酸修饰获得稳定的超疏水膜。研究了超疏水表面的形成机制与结构特征,分析了超疏水表面的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明:经阴极刻蚀处理后,铝镀层表面形成了覆盖纳米级絮状物的腐蚀孔,呈现出珊瑚网状结构;再经十四酸有机修饰后,达到超疏水状态,十四酸在镀层表面形成了稳定的化学吸附,样品腐蚀阻效达到98.9%,抗腐蚀性能显著提高。     

TSA协同HCl化学刻蚀铝片构筑低粘附超疏水表面及其稳定性

目的 通过化学刻蚀法制备铝基超疏水表面,并提高其机械稳定性和化学稳定性。方法 以盐酸（HCl）为主刻蚀剂,对甲苯磺酸（TSA）为辅助刻蚀剂,通过化学刻蚀法构筑铝片微-纳米结构,涂覆硬脂酸后制备超疏水铝。探讨最佳刻蚀时间和浓度,通过FESEM、EDS和ATR-FTIR对铝片的表面结构和化学组成进行分析。利用接触角测量仪、电化学工作站和线性耐磨实验分别对铝表面的润湿性、耐腐蚀性和机械稳定性进行研究,并探讨铝在3.5% NaCl溶液中的化学稳定性。结果 当TSA浓度为0.2 mol/L,刻蚀时间为8.0 min时,获得的超疏水表面接触角（CA）最大,为167.9°,滚动角（SA）为6.3°,对应的腐蚀电位较裸铝正向移动了742 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级。此外,该超疏水表面还具有良好的机械稳定性和化学稳定性,经砂纸磨损70 cm后,接触角仍高达155.9°。模拟海水环境测试化学稳定性发现,将其浸泡在3.5% NaCl溶液中,20天仍维持在一种粘附超疏水状态。结论 通过调节化学刻蚀时间和TSA浓度在铝基表面制备得到微-纳米粗糙结构,硬脂酸改性后,获得具有超疏水性能的复合表面。该超疏水铝表面兼具优异的机械稳定性和化学稳定性能,并可以在高盐环境下保护铝基体。     

超疏水Ni-P-Al2O3纳米复合镀层的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

为提高45钢基体材料的耐腐蚀性能,采用电化学法与氟硅烷修饰相结合的方式在45钢基体表面制备超疏水Ni-P-Al2O3纳米复合镀层,并对镀层的表面形貌、晶相结构、表面粗糙度、润湿性及耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:采用电沉积法制备的Ni-P-Al2O3镀层表面均匀、致密,且无明显气孔缺陷,接触角测试表明其表面达到了超疏水状态,而经电化学加工后,镀层表面形成不规则的微凹坑结构,表面粗糙度值明显增大。经电化学测试,与普通Ni-P-Al2O3镀层相比,超疏水Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的腐蚀电流密度、腐蚀速率均更小,表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

超疏水超亲油Cu-Ni复合镀层的制备及油水分离应用

针对目前超疏水超亲油表面制备工艺复杂、成本高等问题,采用工艺简单、可控性强的电化学沉积法制备出不锈钢网基底超疏水超亲油表面。通过在不锈钢网表面进行铜镍共沉积,得到一种叶片状的微纳米级粗糙结构,再利用正十二硫醇乙醇溶液对镀层进行表面修饰,最终获得超疏水超亲油Cu-Ni复合镀层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对镀层表面微观形貌、浸润性以及化学元素组成进行表征分析。结果显示,制备的Cu-Ni复合镀层水接触角为155°±2°,油接触角为0°。对润滑油油水分离效率高达98%,且连续分离2 h后,分离效率仍高于95%,表现出稳定高效的油水分离性能。该制备方法耗时短、成本低,有潜力应用于规模化工业生产。     

激光图案化铝合金表面的润湿性和各向异性研究

目的 研究水滴在超亲/超疏水图案化铝合金表面润湿性、滚动阻力各向异性和定向运输特性。方法 采用激光刻蚀和氟硅烷修饰的方法,加工出具有微网格图案的超疏水6061铝合金表面。在超疏水铝合金表面再次激光刻蚀加工出长方形、平行四边形和圆形的超亲水微流体通道。研究了亲水沟槽宽度和深度对超亲/超疏水表面各向异性润湿和各向异性滚动的影响,分析了重力作用下水滴沿微流体通道的运动情况。利用SEM、三维轮廓仪观察铝合金表面形貌。利用接触角测量仪观测水滴与表面的接触角与滚动角大小。利用高速摄像机观察水滴的运动情况。结果 水滴在超亲/超疏水铝合金表面表现出明显的润湿性各向异性和滚动阻力各向异性。10μL水滴在0.1 mm宽度的直线型沟槽上铺展,平行接触角θ_cp仅为93.9°;而垂直于线型沟槽方向,垂直接触角θ_cv却为152.6°。平行滚动角θ_rp为21.5°,而垂直滚动角θ_rv大于90°,水滴无法滚落。基于超亲/超疏水表面滚动阻力各向异性的特性,制备了依靠重力驱动实现微流体定向运输的铝合金表面。结论 亲水沟槽宽度对水滴在超...     

化学刻蚀-阳极氧化复合制备钛合金超疏水表面试验研究

目的 提高TC4钛合金超疏水表面的疏水性、耐腐蚀性与力学性能。方法 首先选择化学刻蚀法对TC4钛合金进行处理制备出微米级结构，再采用阳极氧化法制备出纳米级结构，最终在试样表面制备出了具有微纳分级结构的超疏水表面。通过观察微观结构表面、Tafel测试、线性磨损试验、抗冲击性测试以及防冰性能测试，分别对H₂O₂刻蚀、强酸刻蚀、阳极氧化、H₂O₂刻蚀-阳极氧化和强酸刻蚀-阳极氧化制备的超疏水表面进行性能对比。结果 使用双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为156.4°，滚动角为2.7°；硫酸-盐酸混合溶液制备出的超疏水表面接触角为153.1°，滚动角为7.6°；阳极氧化法制备的超疏水表面接触角为156.3°，滚动角为4.2°；双氧水-碳酸氢钠混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为157.6°，使用硫酸-盐酸混合溶液刻蚀并阳极氧化处理后，表面接触角为155.9°，二者滚动角均小于2°。复合方法制备的表面疏水性能优于单一方法制备的超疏水表面。超疏水试样的OCP都高于TC4钛合金，经过强酸刻蚀和...     

含氟低表面能修饰的超双疏涂层制备及其性能

目的 制备具有良好机械稳定性和化学稳定性的超双疏涂层材料。方法 采用三种尺寸的微纳米二氧化硅和环氧树脂制成微纳米凹凸结构,在此基础上修饰低表面能的氟碳单分子层,制备超疏水超疏油涂层。分别利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱,对涂层表面的形貌和成分进行分析。通过接触角测量仪测试涂层表面的接触角和滚动角。经过砂纸摩擦、耐化学腐蚀和耐溶剂性能测试,分别评价超双疏涂层材料的耐磨损性和化学稳定性。结果 涂层对水、乙二醇和花生油等表面张力在34~72 mN/m范围内的液体具有超疏特性。砂纸上机械摩擦5次循环后,对花生油的接触角保持在155?以上,滚动角保持在5?以下;摩擦10次循环后,对水和乙二醇的接触角均保持在154°以上,滚动角保持在2.5?以下。涂层经pH=14的碱溶液和正庚烷浸泡,168 h后,对水和乙二醇仍保持超疏性能;96 h后,与花生油接触角在153?以上,滚动角在10?~20?之间。结论 该涂层具有良好的超疏水超疏油性能及良好的耐磨损性和化学稳定性,在工业领域具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.