2.0mm厚TC4钛合金激光焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

对2.0 mm厚的TC4钛合金进行激光焊接试验,分析接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,焊缝区由晶粒粗大的β相和镶嵌在β相中的针状α相组成;热影响区由初生α相+β相组成,β相中还包含针状的二次析出α相。TC4钛合金激光焊接头抗拉强度在1095~1106 MPa,屈服强度为1054~1066 MPa,均大于母材。激光焊接接头断后伸长率在10.1%~11.1%,比母材低。当激光功率在2000~3500 W,焊接速度为1.5~8.0 m/min,离焦量为-1.5~1.5 mm时,均可得到焊缝表面成形良好,表面和内部无气孔等缺陷的高质量焊缝。     

BTi6431S高温钛合金激光焊接头性能及应用研究

研究了BTi6431S高温钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能,并在某型号进气道拐弯段中得到应用。结果表明:BTi6431S高温钛合金激光焊缝组织为初生的α相和大量针状α′相,呈现出"篮网状"组织,热影响区组织为初生α相、少量的β相及针状α′相。激光焊接接头常温抗拉强度与母材的基本相当,断后伸长率约为5%,超塑后母材及焊缝力学性能满足使用要求。     

Ti-22Al-27Nb合金线性摩擦焊接头组织与显微硬度分析

对Ti-22Al-27Nb合金进行了线性摩擦焊及热处理试验,并对热处理前后焊接接头的微观组织和显微硬度进行测量分析. 结果表明,利用线性摩擦焊方法焊接Ti-22Al-27Nb合金得到的接头无焊接缺陷. 焊态下,焊缝区形成了B2单相区组织. 热力影响区为B2 + O + α₂相三相区,出现等轴α₂相,针状O相几乎消失. 热处理后在焊缝区析出板条状O相和针状O相,热力影响区为O相均匀分布的两相区. 母材处的显微硬度值最低约为300 HV,随着向焊缝靠近,显微硬度值逐渐增加,焊缝中心达到最大值354 HV. 热处理后,由于板条O相和针状O相的沉淀析出,使焊缝中心显微硬度急剧增加.     

钛合金激光填药芯焊丝接头组织性能

通过激光填丝焊接方法并采用自主开发设计的钛合金药芯焊丝,进行TC4钛合金板的焊接,对获得的焊接接头进行850℃保温2 h后随炉冷却退火工艺处理,并与焊态焊接接头的组织性能进行比对分析,结果表明,热处理态焊接接头焊缝中由α_p相、α_s相集束及点状分布的残留β相构成,没有发现焊态焊缝中的α’马氏体组织;热处理态焊接接头强度降低但断后伸长率和常温冲击韧性增加;热处理态焊接接头拉伸断口由大量撕裂唇包围,韧窝深且均匀,呈微孔聚合韧性断裂.通过XRD测试发现焊态焊缝中主要由α’马氏体组成,还有少量极弱的多角度α相衍射峰,而热处理态焊缝中α相衍射峰中心角度位置与焊态焊缝中α’马氏体一致,另外还发现了较为明显且尖锐的β相(110)衍射峰.     

激光焊接对SPF/DBTi-6Al-4V合金疲劳性能的影响

研究了SPF/DB Ti-6Al-4V合金及其激光焊接接头静态拉伸性能和疲劳性能,并获得S-N曲线.通过观察组织特征和疲劳断口形貌,分析了激光焊接对SPF/DB Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,SPF/DB T-6Al-4V合金激光焊接接头的抗拉强度略低于母材抗拉强度,而疲劳强度明显低于母材疲劳强度,约为其抗拉强度的40%.SPF/DB Ti-6Al-4V合金组织为α+β等轴细晶组织,其焊接接头组织为含α,针状马氏体α'和少量β相的魏氏组织结构.焊接接头组织结构的不均匀性,以及组织的粗大化是导致激光焊接接头疲劳性能下降的重要原因.SPF/DB Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳断裂为塑性断裂,其焊接接头疲劳断裂为准解理断裂,这显著降低激光焊接接头的疲劳性能.而焊接气孔等焊缝表层微小几何不连续缺陷的存在往往成为激光焊接接头疲劳断裂的裂纹源.     

铝硅镀层钢激光填丝焊接接头组织和性能

对铝硅镀层热成形钢进行激光填丝焊接试验,研究填充焊丝对焊接接头显微组织、力学性能及拉伸失效机制的影响. 结果表明,在激光自熔焊条件下,焊缝中平均Al元素含量为1.90%(质量分数),显微组织为马氏体和粗大的δ铁素体,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1 340 MPa和1.80%,因δ铁素体与马氏体之间存在显著的硬度差(142 HV),拉伸时裂纹源于δ铁素体和马氏体之间的相界面. 在激光填丝焊条件下,焊缝平均Al元素含量降低至0.96%,由于填充焊丝对铝的稀释作用使得焊缝为全马氏体组织,焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提升至1 510 MPa和4.4%. 因填充焊丝同时对焊缝中的碳也有稀释作用,焊缝中马氏体硬度(491 HV)低于母材中马氏体(523 HV),拉伸时裂纹于马氏体内部萌生并扩展,最终断裂于焊缝.     

激光振荡扫描焊接Ti2AlNb/TC4焊缝组织及力学性能

采用激光振荡扫描焊接技术对2 mm厚的Ti-22Al-25Nb合金和TC4合金进行异种金属的焊接试验。研究了激光振荡扫描焊接接头的微观组织演变和力学性能。结果表明,采用激光振荡扫描焊接技术可以获得成形良好、无裂纹、气孔等缺陷的焊缝。焊缝组织主要由B2相和α’马氏体相组成。采用优化的焊接工艺参数时,接头的最大抗拉强度可达TC4母材的88.6%。当激光扫描频率达到500 Hz时,晶粒得到细化,有效提升焊缝的抗拉强度和断后伸长率。     

TC4钛合金窄间隙激光填绞股焊丝焊接接头组织及性能

采用实心绞股焊丝,通过窄间隙激光填丝焊对TC4钛合金进行焊接,分析了激光填丝焊接头各区域的微观组织及形貌,并测试了焊接接头的显微硬度、室温拉伸性能及冲击性能等力学性能。结果表明,焊缝截面整体成形良好,无明显未熔合和气孔等缺陷;母材由等轴α+β相组成,热影响区晶粒比母材稍大,热影响区由针状α′马氏体+初生α相组成,焊缝由粗大的原始β柱状晶和内部网篮状α′马氏体组成;焊接接头的抗拉强度平均值达940 MPa,拉伸断裂在母材,断口韧窝较浅,主要表现为韧性断裂特征;焊缝的显微硬度平均值为375 HV,高于母材及热影响区。 创新点： 采用高熔敷效率的绞股焊丝作为填充金属,对 20 mm 厚 TC4 钛合金板进行激光填丝焊,探究了厚板钛合金焊接接头的组织与性能分布规律,为厚板钛合金焊接结构的实际应用提供基础数据支撑。     

钛合金平面曲线对接焊接头的组织与力学性能

采用激光焊接工艺对1.2 mm厚TG4钛合金薄板进行了平面曲线对接焊,研究了曲线焊缝的宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,试验获得了成形良好的焊缝,未出现不连续、裂纹以及气孔等缺陷。焊缝区组织由针状马氏体α'相组成,靠近焊缝的热影响区组织为马氏体α'相和少量α相,远离焊缝的热影响区组织由初生α相、晶间β相以及少量马氏体α'相组成。焊缝和热影响区的硬度均高于TC4母材的,接头拉伸试样断于母材处,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为1015.40MPa和16.49%。     

TC4钛合金搭接接头双侧激光角焊的组织与性能

采用在基材预制"台阶"的方式来替代送丝,探索了TC4钛合金双侧角焊搭接接头无填丝激光焊接工艺,研究了焊接接头的宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,在激光功率1.1 kW、离焦量0 mm、光束入射角度60°、焊接速度3 m/min的焊接工艺下,采用尺寸为1.0 mm×1.0 mm的"台阶"可以获得焊缝填充饱满,无咬边缺陷,成形良好的双侧激光角焊搭接接头,接头拉剪强度达到965.1MPa,断裂位置在TC4母材上。搭接接头焊缝区组织由β柱状晶以及针状马氏体α′相组成;热影响区由初生的α相和针状马氏体α′相以及少量的粒状β相组成。     

Fine equiaxed β grains and superior tensile property in Ti-6Al-4V alloy deposited by coaxial electron beam wire feeding additive manufacturing

Coarse columnar β grains result in anisotropic mechanical properties in Ti alloys deposited by additive manufacturing. This study reports that Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by coaxial electron beam wire feeding additive manufacturing presents a weak anisotropy, high strength and ductility. The superior tensile property arises from a microstructure with fine equiaxed β grains (EGβ), discontinuous grain boundary α phase and short intragranular α lamellae. A large region of fine EGβ arises from a special combination of the temperature gradient and solidification rate, and attractive α morphology is caused by solid phase transformations during interpass thermal cycling and post heat treatments.     

Influence of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufacturing Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr titanium alloy

The effect of heat treatments on laser additive manufacturing (LAM) Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr titanium alloy (TC17) was studied aiming to optimize its microstructure and mechanical properties. The as-deposited sample exhibits features of a mixed prior β grain structure consisting of equiaxed and columnar grains, intragranular ultra-fine α laths and numerous continuous grain boundary α (α_GB). After being pre-annealed in α+β region (840 °C) and standard solution and aging treated, the continuous α_GB becomes coarser and the precipitate free zone (PFZ) nearby the α_GB transforms into a zone filled with ultra-fine secondary α (α_S) but no primary α (α_P). When pre-annealed in single β region (910 °C), all α phases transform into β phase and the alloying elements distribute uniformly near the grain boundary. Discontinuous α_GB and uniform mixture of α_P and α_S near grain boundary form after subsequent solution and aging treatment. The two heat treatments can improve the tensile mechanical properties of LAM TC17 to satisfy the aviation standard for TC17.     

厚板Ti6Al4V合金低真空激光焊接接头组织及力学性能

采用低真空激光焊接技术对40 mm厚Ti6Al4V合金进行焊接,对比分析不同位置的微区组织与力学性能. 结果表明,母材由等轴初生α相和β转变组织组成,热影响区组织为α相、残余β相和急冷准稳态的α'马氏体,焊缝熔凝区组织主要包括不同尺寸及分布状态的α'马氏体以及慢冷却速率下形成的α相. 焊接接头抗拉强度平均值为988 MPa,断裂位置均位于母材. 焊缝上部和中部焊缝区的平均冲击吸收能量为28.8 J,明显优于下部24.8 J. 焊缝熔凝区底部区域存在细长状、密集程度较高的α'马氏体会劣化材料冲击韧性. 相比之下熔凝区中、上部形成的短粗状、密集程度较低的α'马氏体组织的冲击韧性较高, 为Ti6Al4V合金板材的连接及进一步提高接头的力学性能提供了数据支撑及相关理论依据.     

电子束焊接热输入对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11双合金焊接接头组织和显微硬度的影响

利用OM,SEM,能谱分析和显微硬度等测试方法对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11双合金焊接接头的显微组织特征及硬度进行了分析.结果表明,焊接热输人为135 kJ/m时,焊缝熔合区柱状晶由均匀密集的α'相针状马氏体和少量α相组成,显微硬度平均值为447 HV.焊接热输入增大到150 kJ/m时,熔合区α'相明显减少,焊缝TC11合金侧热影响区的短针状α+β组织变为粗大的长针状组织,Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo热影响区的β晶粒变得更粗,显微硬度平均值降为402 Hv.这主要是因为增大热输入使焊缝合金元素含量的比例发生变化,并且冷却速度下降使焊缝组织形态和分布改变,最终导致显微硬度降低.合金元素Ti,Al,Nb的含量在焊缝边界发生突变,但在焊缝熔合区达到一个新的平衡.

Abstract：

Microstructure evolution characterization of the Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11 dual alloys welded joints obtained on the condition of different electron beam heat input was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum and micro-hardness analysis. The results show that the energy input have an important effect on the microstructure, grain size, micro-hardness and alloy elements content of welded joints. The microstructure is made up of homogeneous acicular martensite α' phase in fusion zone (FZ) and the average micro-hardness value is 447HV when heat input E = 135 kJ/m is utilized. With heat input increasing to 150 kJ/ m, the number of α'phase decreases in FZ, short acicular α + β phase become coarser in heat-affected zone(HAZ) of TC11, coarse β grains become larger in HAZ of Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo and the average micro-hardness value drops to 402HV. The result is attributed to the changed content of alloy elements and lower cooling velocity caused by increasing heat input. The content of element Ti, Al and Nb is changed abruptly in the boundary of the joint, but these elements evenly distribute in each zone and hardly diffuse.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured novel titanium alloy after heat treatment

A novel α+β titanium alloy with multi-alloying addition was designed based on the cluster formula 12[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+5[Al-Ti₁₄](AlV_1.2Mo_0.6Nb_0.2) which was derived from Ti-6Al-4V.The nominal composition of this novel alloy was determined as Ti-6.83Al-2.28V-2.14Mo-0.69Nb-6.79Zr.In this study,the novel alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were prepared by laser additive manufacturing.The microstructure,micro-hardness,room/high temperature tensile properties of the as-deposited samples were investigated.Compared to Ti-6Al-4V,the novel alloy has much higher room and high temperature (600℃) tensile strengths,which are 1,427.5 MPa and 642.2 MPa,respectively;however,it has a much lower elongation (3.2%) at room temperature because of the finer microstructure.To improve the elongation of the novel alloy,heat treatment was used.After solution at 960℃ or 970℃ for 1 h followed by air cooling and aging at 550℃ for 4 h followed by air cooling,a unique bi-modal microstructure which contains crab-like primary α and residual β phase is obtained,improving the compression elongation by 80.9% compared to the as-deposited samples.The novel alloy can be used as a high-temperature and high-strength candidate for laser additive manufacturing.     

热输入对双光束激光焊接Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头焊接过程、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响

采用双光束同步激光填丝焊接的方法制备了Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头,使用高速摄像机拍摄了焊接过程图像并研究了热输入对焊接过程稳定性、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,热输入显著影响熔池行为和填丝焊接熔滴过渡,进而影响T型接头焊缝形貌及质量。随着热输入的增加,T型接头组织发生变化,晶粒尺寸变大。热影响区及焊缝处的马氏体使得这2个区域的显微硬度高于母材。另外,沿蒙皮方向及筋条方向的抗拉伸强度随着热输入的增加而增大。由于接头处马氏体增强作用,拉伸断裂均发生于母材处。     

Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy for biomedical application

We have fabricated a new β metastable titanium alloy that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr. Ingot with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr is prepared by melting pure metals in a vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace. The alloy is then homogenized and solution treated under different temperature. The alloy is characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and found to have an acicular martensitic α″ + β structure and dominant β phase for the 1053 K and 1133 K solution treatment samples, respectively. The elastic modulus of the latter is about 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, it had moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show better mechanical biocompatibility of this alloy, which will avoid stress shielding and thus prevent bone resorption in orthopedic implants applications. As long-term stability in biological environment is required, we have also evaluated the electrochemical behavior in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). Potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibits that the 1133 K solution treatment Ti-12Mo-5Zr sample has better corrosion properties than Ti-6Al-4V and is comparable to the pure titanium. The good corrosion resistance combined with better mechanical biocompatibility makes the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy suitable for use as orthopedic implants.     

Titanium alloys after surface gas nitriding

Experimental studies using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for nitriding of four titanium-alloys near α Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, near α Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, α + β Ti-6Al-4V and near β Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al at different temperatures and for different periods of time are presented. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used in order to study the phase transformations that occur during gas nitriding. As a result of the nitrogen interaction, a nitrided layer was formed that consists of titanium nitrides, followed by an interstitial solution of nitrogen in the hcp α titanium phase. The microstructural changes of these alloys in relation to the alloy composition and processing parameters were studied. It was found that the microstructure of alloys nitrided at temperatures below their β transus temperatures for various periods of time is uniform and homogeneous. With the increase of the temperature above their β transus temperatures the microstructure changes to irregular. Microindentation hardness testing using a Knoop indenter was conducted on the nitrided titanium alloys to analyse their hardness evolution in relation to the nitriding processing parameters and alloy composition. It was found that the microhardness increases with the increase of the temperature and time of nitriding. The surface morphology of the Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy in relation to the nitriding processing parameters was analysed.     

激光焊接热输入对Ti2AlNb合金组织性能的影响

研究激光焊接热输入对Ti-22Al-27Nb(at%)合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,利用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析,并探讨了焊后热处理对焊接接头组织性能的影响。结果表明,连续激光焊接可以获得无缺陷、成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝区域组织主要为柱状的B2相,柱状晶的生长方向垂直于熔合线。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度要高于母材,焊缝的平均显微硬度最高。随着热输入的增加,焊接接头的室温抗拉强度增加,但是焊接接头的延伸率较低。焊接接头650℃高温强度为母材的71%~75%,塑性则仅为母材塑性的40%左右。经过焊后热处理,焊缝由B2+O相组成。O相增多使得焊缝的室温强度略有提高,且提高了650℃高温拉伸性能,高温抗拉强度最高可达母材的87.5%。