TXD as selective depressand of fluorite and calcite

ＴＸＤＡＳＳＥＬＥＣＴＩＶＥＤＥＰＲＥＳＳＡＮＴＯＦＦＬＵＯＲＩＴＥＡＮＤＣＡＬＣＩＴＥＴｉａｎ，Ｘｕｅｄａ；Ｚｈｕ，Ｊｉａｎｇｕａｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＵｎｉ...     

A novel green depressant for flotation separation of scheelite from calcite

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant, and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of scheelite and calcite using sodium oleate (NaOL) as a collector was investigated by ways of flotation experiments, zeta potential measurement, contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR). The results show that PASP exhibits stronger inhibition capability and selectivity than acidified water glass, and the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite can be realized in the presence of 6 mg/L PASP and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH>6. In the presence of PASP, the zeta potential of calcite surface almost keeps unchanged after adding NaOL, and the contact angle decreases sharply. Therefore, it is indicated that PASP significantly decreases the adsorption of NaOL on calcite surface. By contrast, it has no distinct effect on the adsorption of NaOL on the scheelite surface, which is further confirmed by IR results.     

Adsorption of octanohydroxamic acid at fluorite surface in presence of calcite species

The surface properties of fluorite are often affected by dissolved gangue species (e.g., calcite) during the flotation process. Microflotation testing with and without the addition of calcite supernatant was conducted using octanohydroxamic acid (OHA) as the collector. The results revealed that dissolved calcite species significantly affected the flotation behavior of fluorite. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that the decrease in flotation recovery was linked to lower OHA adsorption. Solution chemistry analysis indicated that CaCO₃ and Ca²⁺ from the calcite supernatant were the most favorably adsorbed species, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the surface adsorption of calcite species. Density functional theory simulations provided a detailed analysis of the multidentate adsorption configuration of OHA, which was the most favorable for adsorption on the fluorite surface. The adsorption energy calculation showed that the calcite dissolved species were more stably adsorbed on the fluorite surface than OHA. The pre-adsorption of calcite dissolved species hindered the adsorption of OHA due to electrostatic repulsion.     

Selective flotation of smithsonite,quartz and calcite using alkyl diamine ether as collector

The flotation separation of smithsonite from calcite and quartz using a alkyl diamine ether (GE-609) as the collector was investigated through micro-flotation experiments and the real ore flotation experiments. The results show that GE-609 exhibits good collecting capability to three minerals without selectivity. The presence of sodium sulfide enhances the flotation of smithsonite and calcite while inhibits quartz. Moreover, both sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate exhibit good selective inhibition to calcite. The real ore test results show that a zinc concentrate containing 23.51% Zn with the recovery of 71.02% is obtained in the closed-circuit test. To understand the adsorption of GE-609 on smithsonite surface, zeta potential measurement and FTIR analysis were carried out, and the results indicate that the collector GE-609 can adsorb on smithsonite surface through both electrostatic adsorption and chemical adsorption, and the presence of sodium sulfide enhances the adsorption of GE-609.     

Effects of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride on calcite depression in cationic flotation of pyrolusite

In the cationic flotation of pyrolusite using dodecyl ammine (DDA), the depressive effect of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride on the calcite mineral was investigated systematically through flotation experiments, FTIR analysis, contact angle measurements and zeta potential tests. The microflotation experiments showed that both depressant agents decrease the flotation recovery of calcite significantly. In addition, sodium carbonate acts as activator agent for pyrolusite, and increases its floatability. The flotation experiments and contact angle measurements indicated that the selective depression effect of sodium carbonate on the calcite mineral is more than that of calcium chloride. As evidenced by zeta potential and FT-IR analysis, sodium carbonate decreases the negative charges on the surface of calcite mineral and subsequently reduces the adsorption of DDA collector through electrostatic forces. At a pH of 7.5, using 2000 g/t DDA and 1500 g/t sodium carbonate, a pyrolusite concentrate containing almost 40% MnO with 71.5% recovery is achieved by carrying out the ore flotation experiments on the tabling pre-concentrate.     

高碱度矿浆中含钙矿物的可浮性

高碱度矿浆中含钙矿物表现出不同的可浮性 ,其变化趋势为白钨矿 >方解石 >萤石 ,白钨矿可浮性好而萤石可浮性差。在高NaOH用量下实验室和工业试验均可实现白钨矿与萤石的浮选分离。捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附量测定表明 ,在高碱度矿浆中 ,捕收剂在白钨矿表面吸附牢固而在萤石表面吸附很差 ;Zeta电位测定表明 ,高碱度下白钨矿与萤石均荷负电 ,由于电荷间相互斥力使白钨矿与萤石处于分散状态 ,从而实现白钨矿与萤石的浮选分离。     

Mechanism and application on sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide with combined collectors

The effect of sodium butyl xanthate (NaBX) and dodecylamine (DDA) as combined collector on the sulphidizing flotation of copper oxide was investigated by flotation test, fluorescent pyrene probe, zeta potential, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The micro-flotation results show that combined use of NaBX+DDA yields better effect than using NaBX at pH 7-11 only, and the optimal molar ratio of NaBX to DDA is 2: 1. The actual ores flotation shows that when the dosage of NaBX+DDA is (100+54) g/t, the copper concentrate grade and recovery are 15.93% and 76.73%, respectively. The fluorescent pyrene probe test demonstrates that the NaBX+DDA can reduce the micelle concentration in the pulp. The zeta potential and the infrared spectroscopy analyses indicate that chemical adsorption, hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction can help to adsorb NaBX+DDA on the surface of malachite. Meantime, copper xanthate and copper-amine complexes may be generated during the adsorption process.     

Flotation separation of quartz from magnesite using carboxymethyl cellulose as depressant

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was introduced as a depressant in reverse flotation separation of quartz from magnesite. The flotation behavior and surface properties of magnesite and quartz exposed to CMC were studied by zeta potential tests, atomic force microscopy imaging and contact angle measurements. The addition of CMC as the depressant in reverse flotation using dodecylamine (DDA) as the collector exhibited a selectively depressive performance towards magnesite and achieved an improved recovery of magnesite. The study of surface properties demonstrated that CMC and DDA exhibited different adsorption strengths on the surface of magnesite and quartz. It was found that the adsorption of CMC on magnesite surface was stronger than that of DDA, which hindered the subsequent adsorption of DDA on magnesite surface. On the contrary, the quartz surface was strongly adsorbed by DDA instead of CMC, which proved that the addition of CMC did not influence the flotation of quartz.     

A new collector used for flotation of oxide minerals

A surfactant containing a mixed aliphatic structure, with a hydrocarbon chain and a diamine group, has proven to be collector for the flotation of quartz, calamine and calcite. And research about its collecting capability was carried out in laboratory. The test results show that the flotation recovery ascends sharply with increasing the concentration of collector. When the concentration of collector reaches 1.83×10⁻⁴ mol/L, the flotation recoveries of quartz, calamine and calcite get their maximum of 97.64%, 91.04% and 95.99%, respectively. The flotation recoveries of quartz, calamine and calcite rise sharply with the rise of pH. And in a wide range of pH, their flotation recoveries all exceed 90%. And in the whole flotation experiment, the flotation recovery of hematite rises with the increase of collector concentration and pH, while the maximal recovery is not more than 55%. Compared with dodecylamine, the N-dodecylethylenediamine has strong capability to quartz and calamine, while the flotation recoveries of calcite are closely. Hydrogen binding adsorption and electrostatic adsorption occur between the collector and the surface of quartz.     

Synthesis of novel thionocarbamate for copper−sulfur flotation separation and its adsorption mechanism

As a novel collector, O-isopropyl-N,N-diethyl thionocarbamate (IPDTC) was designed and synthesized for copper?sulfur flotation separation. Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the electronic structures of IPDTC. The results showed that IPDTC had higher energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital but lower electronegativity than O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (Z?200). It was predicted that IPDTC had strong collection ability according to the reaction energy criteria. Flotation results demonstrated that the collecting ability of IPDTC to chalcopyrite and pyrite was stronger than that of Z?200. Then, the flotation mechanism was analyzed by measurements of surface tension, adsorption capacity, XPS, FTIR and zeta potential. These results indicated that IPDTC could reduce the solution surface tension. The adsorption capacity of IPDTC on chalcopyrite was higher than that on pyrite, consistent with the results of the flotation tests. FTIR, zeta potential and XPS results also demonstrated that IPDTC was strongly absorbed on the chalcopyrite surface by formation of Cu—S—C bonds, but showed a weak affinity on the pyrite surface.     

氯化钠对铝硅矿物浮选的影响及其作用机理

采用季铵盐DTAL作捕收剂,研究了氯化钠对一水硬铝石和叶蜡石浮选的影响及其作用机理.随着氯化钠浓度的增加,叶蜡石的浮选回收率显著提高,而一水硬铝石的可浮性受其影响很小.机理研究表明:氯化钠对一水硬铝石的zeta-电位没有影响,而能显著降低叶蜡石的zeta-电位,增强捕收剂与叶腊石的静电作用,促进捕收剂的吸附而活化其浮选;叶蜡石表面电位的降低是因为氯离子对叶蜡石存在选择性吸附作用并对其结构进行插层,使得叶蜡石的层间距从0.93 nm增大至1.40 nm.溶液化学计算表明:氯化钠改变溶液的离子强度,显著降低了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,使得吸附了捕收剂的矿物表面更容易疏水上浮.     

Adsorption mechanism of styryl phosphonate ester as collector in ilmenite flotation

A styryl phosphonate ester (SPE) collector was used to improve the flotation performance of ilmenite, and the adsorption mechanism and model were revealed and established, respectively. Microflotation tests showed that SPE exhibited a stronger collecting ability for ilmenite than the traditional collector styrene phosphonic acid (SPA). Zeta potential measurements revealed that both SPE and SPA could negatively shift the zeta potential of ilmenite, while SPE had more effects than SPA, suggesting the stronger adsorption of SPE. The analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the chemisorption of SPA and SPE onto the Fe/Ti sites of ilmenite. According to frontier orbital theory, the chemical activities of SPE are greater than those of SPA. The partial densities of states analysis indicated that the PO—H groups of the collectors could interact with the Ti/Fe atoms of the ilmenite surface to generate a stable four-membered ring. The bonding model of the collector and (104) ilmenite surface showed that the adsorption energy of SPE was higher than that of SPA. Overall, SPE presented a better collecting ability and interaction effect for ilmenite flotation than SPA, and had the potential to replace SPA in the industry.     

混合捕收剂浮选锂辉石的应用及作用机理

通过浮选试验,研究十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、油酸、731、环烷酸皂,以及油酸与十二胺的混合捕收剂对锂辉石、长石和石英单矿物浮选行为及锂辉石实际矿石浮选指标的影响。借助Zeta电位、红外光谱分析、吸附量测试及量子化学计算,探讨混合捕收剂的作用机理。结果表明:油酸与十二胺的混合捕收剂,兼有捕收性和选择性好的特点,在碱性条件下能实现锂辉石与长石和石英的浮选分离。混合捕收剂在锂辉石表面的吸附量大于长石和石英。混合捕收剂中油酸在矿物表面以化学吸附为主,十二胺则以物理吸附为主。油酸离子分别与十二胺离子(或分子)和油酸分子以缔合形态存在,油酸的头基COO^-与锂辉石表面的Al原子发生化学作用。     

金属阳离子在锂辉石浮选中的活化行为及作用机理

在油酸浮选锂辉石体系中分别加入Ca^2+、Al^3+、Fe^3+离子,通过单矿物浮选试验、金属离子吸附量检测、金属离子水解组份浓度计算、矿物表面动电位测试、红外光谱检测以及量子化学模拟计算研究Ca^2+、Al^3+、Fe^3+离子对锂辉石浮选的活化行为和作用机理。结果表明:Ca^2+离子的最佳活化区间为pH大于12的强碱性条件,Al^3+离子的最佳活化pH为6.47,而Fe^3+离子的最佳活化pH为7.25;在这些pH区间内,锂辉石浮选回收率和金属离子吸附量均达到最大值。在锂辉石浮选过程中起活化作用的有效组份为它们分别对应的氢氧化物沉淀。Ca^2+、Al^3+、Fe^3+离子可使锂辉石表面动电位向正值方向显著偏移;Ca^2+离子在锂辉石表面双电层的外层发生静电吸附,Al^3+和Fe^3+离子在锂辉石表面双电层的内层发生特性吸附。钙原子与锂辉石矿物表面吸附后形成的Ca—O键的键强较小,以离子键为主;铁原子与矿物表面形成Fe—O化学键的键强较大,含有一定的共价键组份;而铝原子与矿物表面吸附后形成的Al—O键的键长、键强等参数介于钙、铁的参数之间。油酸在Ca^2+活化后的锂辉石表面发生了化学吸附和少量的物理吸附,而在Al^3+、Fe^3+活化后的锂辉石表面发生了较为强烈的化学吸附。     

樟叶提取物作为新型环境友好抑制剂在白钨矿与方解石浮选分离中的应用（英文）

采用简单的物理方法,直接榨取樟叶汁液作为白钨矿和方解石分离的抑制剂。通过接触角测量、傅里叶转换红外光谱测试和原子力显微镜研究樟叶提取物中活性成分及其抑制机理。浮选试验表明,樟叶提取物对方解石有较强的抑制作用,对白钨矿的抑制作用较小。原子力显微镜检测证实方解石表面吸附有樟叶提取物的有效成分。红外光谱结果表明,吸附在方解石表面的组分含有大量的羟基,这些羟基使方解石疏水。Zeta电位和红外光谱结果表明,樟树叶提取物在方解石表面的吸附量远大于在白钨矿表面的吸附量。樟叶提取物在白钨矿和方解石浮选分离中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of novel 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime flotation collector to malachite

A novel collector 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hex-2-en-1-one oxime (HPHO) was synthesized from 2-hydroxy acetophenone and butyraldehyde. Its flotation performance and adsorption mechanism to malachite were investigated by flotation test, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis techniques. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid (BA), 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one oxime (HPEO) and sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), HPHO exhibited excellent collecting power to malachite without additional reagents, such as Na₂S regulator and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) frother. Results of zeta potential indicated that HPHO was coated on malachite surfaces through a chemisorption process. FTIR and XPS data gave clear evidence for the formation of Cu–oxime complex on malachite surfaces after HPHO adsorption through the linkage between C=C, –OH, N–OH group and Cu species.     

钛渣中钙钛矿的浮选分离及其机理

研究了捕收剂油酸、羟肟酸、十二烷胺双甲基膦酸 ,抑制剂氟硅酸钠、水玻璃对改性渣中钙钛矿浮选的影响。通过浮选溶液化学计算、矿物动电电位、红外光谱等研究 ,探讨了羟肟酸在钙钛矿表面的作用和水玻璃抑制钛辉石的作用机理。结果表明 :以羟肟酸为捕收剂 ,水玻璃为抑制剂可实现钙钛矿与钛辉石等的浮选分离。钙钛矿和钛辉石晶体表面的Ca,Ti质点密度不同 ,所处的位置及活性不同 ,造成二者浮游性有一定的差异 ;钙钛矿在整个研究范围内 ζ电位始终为负值 ,但在阴离子捕收剂C5-9羟肟酸中可浮性良好 ,表明C5-9羟肟酸在钙钛矿表面发生了化学吸附。红外光谱研究证实 ,C5-9羟肟酸的CN ,N—O官能团与钙钛矿表面的钛质点发生了化学键合。     

ACTIVATION AND DEPRESSION OF CALCITE IN CALCIUM MINERALS FLOTATION

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｃｈｅｅｌｉｔｅｏｒｅｓａｌｗａｙｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｆｌｕｏｒｉｔｅａｎｄｃａｌｃｉｔｅ．Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｈｅａｄｇｒａｄｅｏｆｆｌｕｏｒｉｔｅｉｓｕｐｔｏ１５％ＣａＦ２,ｔｈｅｆｌｕｏｒｉｔｅｉｓｏｆｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｖａｌｕ...     

新型季铵盐捕收剂对白钨矿和方解石的常温浮选分离

采用二辛基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)作捕收剂,研究白钨矿、方解石单矿物的浮选行为和其人工混合矿的浮选分离以及柿竹园白钨矿的常温精选。结果表明:在单矿物和人工混合矿的浮选中,DDAB在对白钨矿的捕收能力和选择性上均显著优于油酸,其最佳的浮选pH值范围为8~10;在对柿竹园白钨矿的常温精选中,DDAB取得了开路最终浮选精矿WO3品位51.63%,回收率43.83%的良好指标。这些都证明DDAB是一种新型高效的白钨矿常温精选捕收剂。通过对白钨矿和方解石的表面动电位分析、DDAB的结构分析以及DDAB与白钨矿作用的红外光谱分析和量子化学分析,推断DDAB主要依靠静电力与白钨矿表面作用。     

变性淀粉在铝硅矿物浮选分离中的作用机理

通过浮选实验、动电位和红外光谱测定,详细考察了变性淀粉在铝硅矿物浮选分离中的作用效果和机理。浮选实验显示：非离子淀粉和阴离子淀粉在pH＜6时,抑制一水硬铝石的浮选,但当pH＞6时,却对一水硬铝石浮选有活化作用;阳离子淀粉在较宽pH值范围内对一水硬铝石均有抑制作用;3种淀粉化合物在pH＜6时均活化高岭石的浮选,当pH＞6时活化作用较微。结果表明：变性淀粉是一水硬铝石型铝土矿反浮选中实现一水硬铝石和高岭石分离的有效调整剂,阴离子淀粉使矿物表面ζ电位更负,阳离子淀粉使矿物质表面ζ电位更正,非离子淀粉使矿物表面电位绝对值减小。由实验结果结合药剂与矿物作用前后的红外光谱分析,得出结论：非离子淀粉主要通过氢键作用吸附于矿物表面,而静电力和化学键合力在阴离子淀粉和阳离子淀粉吸附中发挥着重要作用。