表面形貌和润滑条件对轿车用国产冷轧薄板的成形性影响

在大量实验的基础上就轿车用国产冷轧薄板的表面粗糙度、表面微观形貌及表面润滑条件等因素对钢板成形性的影响作了详细的探讨,并认为润滑有利于金属薄板在冲压成形过程中的流动,可使整个零件的应变分布趋于均匀,从而提高零件的冲压成形能力,降低冲压件的废品率。     

表面处理钢板的镀层和成形性能

近年来,用户对汽车和家用电器的耐蚀性要求更强烈。在这些产品中,表面处理钢板的使用比例迅速增加。随之,冲压加工中的镀层剥离问题,普通钢板、表面处理钢板及不同种类的表面处理钢板.在冲压成形性方面的变化问题也日渐突出。有关表面处理钢板冲压成形性能变化的原因人们已作了许多研究,认为有两种因素。其一是镀层引起钢板材料特性值变化;其二是镀层种类不同,润滑性各异。本文将介绍普通钢板和表面处理钢板的冲压成形性羞异,以利于表面处理钢板的正常使用。     

日本JFE开发出汽车用高润滑GA钢板-JAZ

为了提高汽车车体的防锈性能,合金化熔融镀锌（简称GA）钢板成为汽车用防锈钢板的主流。另外,在将GA板用途扩大到难成形部件方面,需要解决冲压裂纹等品质问题,因此提高GA表面滑动特性是项重要的课题。最近,以大型面板的整体成型和高强度钢板使用的扩大为背景,对GA钢板的滑动特性、优良的高润滑性提出了更高的要求。     

高分子薄膜润滑在板料拉深中的应用研究与发展趋势

介绍了高分子薄膜润滑在板料拉深中的应用研究与发展趋势,分别从高分子摩擦润滑的机理、板料成形中高分子薄膜的润滑工艺以及高分子润滑材料的摩擦学研究3个方面概述了目前高分子薄膜润滑的研究及应用现状、高分子润滑剂的润滑特点,简述了高强度钢板拉深成形中存在的问题和高强度钢板成形时采用高分子薄膜进行润滑会获得良好的成形性能,并指出高分子薄膜润滑存在的问题和发展趋势。     

润滑条件对超深冲IF钢成形性能的影响

研究了不同润滑条件下钢板FLD和LDH的变化规律。研究结果表明：润滑影响了钢板冲压成形过程中的应变路径，但对FLD0没有影响；润滑对LDH0影响显著。     

汽车用热镀锌钢板的性能及表面质量改进

汽车钢板不仅要求具有耐蚀性,也要满足压力成形、焊接、化学成膜处理和涂漆等各种性能。目前大多使用厚镀层电镀锌钢板(EG),合金化热镀锌钢板(GA),还有非合金化热镀锌钢板(GI)。GI钢板不仅作为汽车装饰材料,也用来制作汽车外板,其需要量在不断增加。GI钢板与EG钢板相比较是镀层厚,制造成本低。但GI钢板表面质量、压力加工成形和点焊接等性能还需要改进。日本川崎制铁公司为解决GI钢板存在的表面质量问题,研究了如镀锌层表面皱纹和存在附着渣滓等问题,GI钢板的质量已有了改进,开始用于作汽车外装饰板。1　热镀锌钢板(GI)的特性1.…     

无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板在汽车中的应用

目的降低汽车生产成本,提高汽车生产效率。方法采用平板拉延法测定无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板与普通热镀锌板等在拉延过程中摩擦系数,分析其随时间变化的趋势;采用SEM观察拉延后各钢板的表面形貌差异;采用拉深试验对比无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板与普通热镀锌板的最大拉深力和最大杯高;采用模拟焊接法对比两者的可焊电流区间、可焊电流宽度、最大剪切力和纽扣直径;采用随车挂片的方法对比两者的磷化、电泳性能。即分别评价无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板和普通热镀锌板在冲压、焊接、涂装性能的差异性。结果冲压性能方面,无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板的摩擦系数较普通热镀锌板降低23%,且微区表面与其他工艺表面的钢板相比几乎无磨损、划伤存在。拉深试验中最大拉深力下降4.5%,最大杯高增加9.5%,无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板具有更优的冲压性能。焊接性能方面,前者较后者的可焊电流区间下降0.6 k A,可焊电流宽度都为1.2 k A,前者的最大剪切力为2.75 k N,后者剪切力为2.6 k N,前者的纽扣直径为5.8 mm,后者的纽扣直径为5.2 mm,焊接性能相差不大。涂装性能方面,前者磷化膜重为3.12 g/mm~2,后者磷化膜重为3.09 g/mm~2,磷化性能相当,且两者的电泳膜性能试验全部通过。经试冲500次发现,无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板可有效防止模具粘锌。结论无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板和普通热镀锌板相比,有更优的冲压性能,焊接、涂装性能相当,且能有效改善锌层脱落。而且,无机固体润滑处理热镀锌板替换普通热镀锌板,可降低整车生产成本,提高生产效率。     

合金化热浸镀锌技术要点

合金化热浸镀锌钢板(GA板)在冲压成形性、耐蚀性、涂装性和焊接性方面等有优良表现,适应了汽车轻量化且安全性强的发展要求,     

水基润滑剂在温挤成形中的应用

温挤成形工艺在生产中应用广泛,虽然通过对模具材料的热处理和表面处理技术,提高了模具自身性能,但由于模具长时间处于高温、高压状态,使得模具容易产生磨损和回火现象,严重影响模具的使用寿命。为了解决这个问题,具体分析了几种常用润滑材料的物理特性和润滑性能,针对不同类型润滑剂在不同环境条件下的润滑效果和冷却效果进行了对比研究,得到了水基润滑剂的适用温度范围。其中,水基石墨润滑剂在300~800℃挤压温度范围内,润滑性能可靠,可以使模具表面冷却,实现延长模具的使用寿命的设计构想。     

夹层钢板冲压的成形机理与缺陷分析

介绍了夹层钢板的材料结构、夹层钢板的冲压成形性及在成形过程中容易产生的缺陷,总结了影响夹层钢板成形性能的因素。介绍了夹层钢板在汽车行业中的应用情况及国内外的研究现状,并指出了当前车用夹层钢板研究的热点难点,对夹层钢板在此行业中应用发展做了展望。     

Improvement of the drawability based on the surface friction stir process of AA5052-H32 automotive sheets

Based on the imperative social demand for lighter vehicles, lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys are expected to replace conventional steels in many automotive applications. In automotive parts manufacturing, most of the components produced in conventional stamping operations are geometrically complex as the blanks are subjected to both stretching and drawing deformations. However, aluminum alloys have intrinsic drawbacks, such as the inferior formability of these materials, although the effects of the weight reduction in terms of performance are highly promising. In an effort to improve the formability of aluminum alloy sheets, the surface friction stir process is proposed in this study. This process locally modifies the surface of automotive aluminum alloy sheets via stirring and advancing on the surface of the sheet, similar to the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process that utilizes a probe without a pin. When the surface of the sheet is modified locally by stirring, dynamic recrystallization due to the severe shear deformation along with heat resulting from the friction occur due to changes in the micro-structure and mechanical properties in the stirred zone, while the dislocation density and grain size refinement are curtailed. In this work, the drawability performance of AA5052-H32 sheets (thickness 1.5 mm) that were welded using the surface friction stir process was experimentally and numerically investigated in cylindrical cup drawing tests. When applied to AA5052-H32 automotive sheets, the surface friction stir process improved the drawability of the entire aluminum alloy sheet. For numerical simulations, the non-quadratic anisotropic yield function Yld2000-2d was employed along with isotropic hardening, while the formability was evaluated by utilizing theoretical forming limit diagrams (FLD) based on Hill's bifurcation and M-K theories.     

Evaluation of frictional characteristic for Zinc-coated steel sheet

Draw bead simulator (DBS) tests were performed to investigate the friction behaviors of various zinc-coated steel sheets. The friction of the coated steel sheet was evaluated by the ratio of drawing force for the coated steel sheet, T_c, to that for the uncoated steel sheet, T_s. The drawing force ratio, T_c/T_s, was compared with the coefficient of friction measured from Nine’s DBS test. It is clear that the drawing force ratio can be used as a convenient parameter to evaluate the friction of a coated steel sheet compared to the coefficient of friction. Due to the simplicity of the test procedure, this evaluation method is a useful for assessing the stamping formability of the coated steel sheet with respect to the friction behavior and also to investigate the lubricity of the stamping lubricant.     

Study on static and fatigue strength of structural adhesive-bonded joints of steel sheets for automotive application

The static and fatigue strength of crush durable structural adhesive-bonded lap joints of steel sheets for automobiles was evaluated by tensile shear tests. The steel sheets used in this study were uncoated and galvannealed (GA) with tensile strength ranging from 270 MPa-grade to 980 MPa-grade and the thickness ranging from 0.7 to 1.8 mm. Also, the effects of the adhesive types were evaluated. The results are as follows: In the static tensile shear tests, when the steel sheets deformed during the tensile test, the tensile shear strength increased with the increase in the base metal properties, such as the yield strength and thickness; however, when the base metal properties were sufficiently high not to undergo plastic deformation, the tensile shear strength exhibited a constant value. On the other hand, the effect of base metal properties on the fatigue joint strength was relatively small. The static joint strength of the GA steel joints was slightly lower than that of the uncoated steel sheets; however, the fatigue strength of the GA steel joints was higher than that of the uncoated steel sheets. The coating failure of the GA was affected by the type of adhesive, base metal properties and type of test. Choosing the proper adhesive can reduce the failure of the GA coating, and the high strength steel showed fewer coating failures than the mild steel.     

镁合金板料数控热渐进成形时的摩擦和润滑性能

利用数控实验机床和摩擦实验研究AZ31镁合金板料数控热渐进成形时的摩擦和润滑机理。结果表明:镁合金薄板在加热条件下可以实现单点渐进成形;固体润滑膜可分为粘结型和吸附陶瓷型两种;固体石墨和MoS2润滑剂的初始摩擦因数均小于0.12,均可保证热渐进成形件获得良好的内外表面质量,没有任何划痕和裂纹等缺陷;吸附多孔陶瓷型固体润滑膜具有润滑和自润滑作用,固体润滑剂颗粒大小对初始摩擦因数有一定影响;固体BN粉末没有起到润滑作用,不能单独作为热渐进成形用固体润滑剂;当温度小于500℃时,固体石墨和MoS2粉末按一定比例配置的润滑复合喷剂的初始摩擦因数均小于为0.2,且表现出一定的协同作用。     

Surface topography evolvement of galvanized steels in sheet metal forming

U-channel forming tests were performed to investigate the surface topography evolvement of hot-dip galvanized(GI) and galvannealed(GA) steels and the effects of die hardness on sheet metal forming(SMF). Experimental results indicate that the surface roughness values of the two galvanized steels increase with the number of forming, i.e., the surface topographies of galvanized steels are roughened in SMF. Moreover, GI steel has a better ability of damage-resistance than GA steel. The mechanisms of topography evolvement are different in the forming of GI and GA steels. Scratch is the main form of surface damage in the forming of GI steels. The severity of scratch can be decreased by increasing die hardness. GA steel results in exfoliating of the coating firstly and then severe scratching. The surface topography of galvannealed steels can be improved by increasing die hardness. However, the hardness should not be too high.     

不锈钢锻造用玻璃防护润滑剂

玻璃防护润滑剂是降低锻压过程中锻件与模具的摩擦、防止锻件表面氧化和合金元素贫化、同时隔离锻件与模具之间热传导的独特工艺材料.本文采用复合玻璃的设计思想,研制出了在850～1180℃温度范围内不锈钢锻造用玻璃防护润滑剂.采用试烧法研究了复合玻璃润滑剂随温度的变化规律;根据不锈钢材料锻造加热条件,测试了玻璃润滑剂在金属坯料表面的防护性能,并对复合玻璃润滑在不锈钢锻造变形时的润滑机理进行了分析.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of multilayered steel sheets upon bending

In this study, the bending formability of multilayered steel sheets is evaluated by tensile tests, V-bending tests, and hemming tests. Enhanced formability was observed in these experiments, namely, the constituent high-strength materials were elongated beyond the original fracture strain limit. As a result of this effect, multilayered steel sheets were successfully formed in V-bending tests and even in hemming tests. Observations using a scanning electron microscope verified that no delamination occurred at interfaces. To represent the geometrical features of a multilayered steel sheet, a solid-element model under an isostrain condition was utilized in finite element modeling, where the rule of mixtures was adopted to obtain the flow curve of the constituent high-strength material, and a good agreement with experimental results was observed. Analyses using this finite element model were conducted to investigate the effect of the geometry on the springback of multilayered steel sheets undergoing V-bending.     

板材与管材成形性能的研究与进展

介绍了塑性加工领域近年来发现的一些提高金属材料塑性变形能力的方法和机理,包括板材增量成形中拉弯伴随成形、局部接触、反复弯曲、交变加载、高静水压力等方式下引起的板材局部增塑机理;波动液压加载状态下管材液压成形能力的提高机理（有轴向进给）、AISI304不锈钢管材的液压成形增塑机理（有、无轴向进给状态下）;AISI304管材多次拉伸／卸载状态下的增塑机理。这些增塑机理还存在于其它一些塑性加工工艺中,对其合理运用将有效提高产品成形质量和材料利用率,并减少加工道次,甚至可以产生一些新的塑性加工工艺。     

Deep drawing of square cups with magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets

The square cup drawing of magnesium alloy AZ31 (aluminum 3%, zinc 1%) sheets was studied by both the experimental approach and the finite element analysis. The mechanical properties of AZ31 sheets at various forming temperatures were first obtained from the tensile tests and the forming limit tests. The test results indicate that AZ31 sheets exhibit poor formability at room temperature, but the formability could be improved significantly at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. The test results were then employed in the finite element simulations to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as punch and die corner radii, and forming temperature, on the formability of square cup drawing with AZ31 sheets. In order to validate the finite element analysis, the deep drawing of square cups of AZ31 sheets at elevated temperatures was also performed. The experimental data show a good agreement with the simulation results, and the optimal forming temperature, punch radius and die corner radius were then determined for the square cup drawing of AZ31 sheets.     

Formability of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheets

The formability of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheets was experimentally studied. Three kinds of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich specimens with different thicknesses of core materials were prepared by the hot pressing adhesive method. Then, the uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of AA5052/polyethylene/ AA5052 sandwich sheets, and the stretching tests were carried out to investigate the influences of polymer core thickness on the limit dome height of the sandwich sheet. The forming limit curves for three kinds of sandwich sheets were obtained. The experimental results show that the forming limit of the AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheet is higher than that of the monolithic AA5052 sheet, and it increases with increasing the thickness of polyethylene core.