双重退火对激光增材制造TC18钛合金组织和性能的影响

利用拉伸试验机、扫描电镜和金相显微镜等手段,研究了双重退火工艺(890℃×1 h/FC+750℃×2 h/AC,570℃×4 h/AC)对激光增材沉积和修复两种状态的TC18钛合金的组织和力学性能的影响,并与原始锻件TC18钛合金进行比较。结果表明,激光增材修复试样微观组织为典型的类铸态组织,主要由层状β晶粒组成。激光增材修复试样经双重退火后为魏氏组织,原始β晶界仍清晰可见,晶内分布着交错的(α+β)集束。经双重退火后,激光增材沉积试样强度低于锻件,塑性高于锻件,激光增材修复试样的性能介于两者之间,其冲击性能比锻件的冲击性能高约60%。激光增材沉积、激光增材修复两种状态经退火热处理后力学性能都能达到TC18锻件规定值。     

激光选区熔化复合制造TC4钛合金组织性能研究

采用选区激光熔化技术(SLM)在锻造后的TC4合金基体上制备TC4钛合金增材/锻件复合成形件，并采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等试验设备，分析了不同SLM参数下TC4钛合金复合成形件微观组织及力学性能。结果表明：复合试样微观组织分为锻件基体区、结合区以及增材区三个区域。增材区与锻件区之间界线清晰，无未熔合、气孔、裂纹等缺陷。锻件区组织为等轴组织，增材区为相互交错的针状α′马氏体组织。性能试验结果表明：增材区和结合区抗拉强度及屈服强度均显著优于锻件；其中结合区强度最高，增材区次之。综合考虑强度和塑性，激光功率为280 W,扫描速率为1100 mm/s下得到的复合试样拉伸性能最好。     

激光成形修复TC4合金锻件的低周疲劳性能

采用激光成形修复技术制备了TC4合金锻件的面修复试样,对修复试样的显微组织、拉伸性能、低周疲劳性能进行了研究。激光修复区组织由粗大原始β柱状晶粒及晶内细长的α针及编织细密的α+β板条组织组成,热影响区组织呈现从锻件基体组织向修复区组织的连续变化,修复区与锻件基体为致密的冶金结合。对两组面修复试样分别进行去应力退火和去应力退火+喷丸处理后,测试获得了激光成形修复TC4合金锻件的低周疲劳曲线,由于面修复试样的拉伸性能与锻件相比强度高而塑性低,因此两组修复试样的疲劳寿命在低应变区高于TC4模锻件,此区强度对疲劳寿命起主要作用;而在高应变区低于模锻件,此区塑性对疲劳寿命起主要作用。修复试样经喷丸处理后,无论在高应变区还是在低应变区,其疲劳寿命都有所提高,并且在高应变区接近TC4模锻件水平,而在低应变区则高出模锻件一个数量级。     

激光修复TC4钛合金显微组织与力学性能

本文以低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光修复技术制备了TC4钛合金面修复试样,对比研究了锻件和修复试样(沉积态)的显微组织和力学性能。结果显示修复试样的组织宏观上分为锻件基材区,热影响区和激光沉积区,三个区域中热影响区的显微硬度最高,沉积区和锻件基材的显微硬度相当。锻件试样的强度及塑性均略高于修复试样,同时发现40%修复试样(即拉伸试样承受载荷部位横截面上沉积区所占的面积分数为40%)的强度略低于50%修复试样,塑性则高于后者。表明采用低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料时,有利于修复试样沉积区和基材区强度和塑性的匹配,从而提高修复试样的综合性能。对拉伸断口进行扫描电镜观察发现,锻件试样拉伸失效后断口呈现出典型的韧性断裂特征,而修复试样的断口则表现复杂,从沉积区到锻件基材区呈现出解理台阶到韧窝的连续变化特征,同时断口形貌与显微组织呈现出很好的对应关系。     

激光修复TC4钛合金显微组织与力学性能（英文）

以低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光修复技术制备了TC4钛合金面修复试样,对比研究了锻件和修复试样(沉积态)的显微组织和力学性能。结果显示:修复试样的组织宏观上分为锻件基材区、热影响区和激光沉积区,3个区域中热影响区的显微硬度最高,沉积区和锻件基材的显微硬度相当。锻件试样的强度及塑性均略高于修复试样,同时发现40%修复试样(即拉伸试样承受载荷部位横截面上沉积区所占的面积分数为40%)的强度略低于50%修复试样,塑性则高于后者。表明采用低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料时,有利于修复试样沉积区和基材区强度和塑性的匹配,从而提高修复试样的综合性能。对拉伸断口进行扫描电镜观察发现,锻件试样拉伸失效后断口呈现出典型的韧性断裂特征,而修复试样的断口则表现复杂,从沉积区到锻件基材区呈现出解理台阶到韧窝的连续变化特征,同时断口形貌与显微组织呈现出很好的对应关系。     

飞机用钛合金零件的激光快速修复

针对TC4钛合金锻件误加工造成的铣槽和面尺寸超差进行了激光快速修复研究。修复区与锻件基体之间形成致密冶金结合，修复区组织为柱状原始声晶界内编织细密的α＋β网篮组织，晶内α板条的宽度〈1μm。修复过程中发现粉末状况、激光加工参数影响到修复区中气孔、层间或道间熔合不良等缺陷的形成，通过采用粉末真空干燥处理、优化工艺参数等方法获得了修复区内无气孔、熔合不良等缺陷的修复试样。修复试样的室温静载拉伸性能测试结果表明，其抗拉强度达到1000MPa，屈服强度达到925MPa，延伸率为8．0％，接近锻件本体性能。     

中温高强TC11和TC19钛合金锻件组织与性能研究

针对航空发动机压气机整体叶盘等部件所使用的TC11、TC192种中温高强钛合金锻件，基于其各自典型使用状态，开展了组织形貌和不同条件下拉伸性能、冲击韧度以及保载/无保载条件下低周疲劳性能的对比分析研究。结果表明：TC11钛合金锻件呈现典型的双态组织，TC19钛合金锻件呈现全片层网篮组织；TC19钛合金锻件在100～400℃下的拉伸强度明显优于TC11钛合金锻件。TC19钛合金锻件的高温缺口冲击韧度值明显高于TC11钛合金锻件，在100℃和855 MPa峰值应力载荷下，TC19钛合金锻件的保载和无保载疲劳寿命均明显高于TC11钛合金锻件，且2种合金均存在一定的保载效应。     

激光增材修复Ti60钛合金显微组织及力学性能

本文对整体叶盘材料Ti60钛合金进行激光增材修复,研究其显微组织及力学性能。结果表明,热影响区组织呈现由基体区双态组织向修复区网篮组织的过渡特征,平均宽度约为900 μm。修复区主要由贯穿多个沉积层的外延生长的柱状晶组成,柱状晶内为分布均匀的α相网篮组织。三个区域内均弥散分布着Ti3(Sn, Al)小平面相,尺寸相近,其形貌和含量却因制备工艺凝固速度的不同而差异明显。三个区域硬度相当。拉伸试样断口特征表明激光增材修复Ti60钛合金的断裂机制为混合型断裂,平均抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为992.4 MPa和916.6 MPa,优于Ti60钛合金锻件强度标准,断后伸长率和断面收缩率的平均值为8.5%和14.6%,与Ti60钛合金锻件标准相差不大,达到实际工程应用要求。     

退火工艺对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用显微组织观察和力学性能测试等方法研究了退火工艺参数对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,增材制造TC18钛合金试块宏观形貌平整,表面没有裂纹等缺陷,表面呈均匀的银白色。试样经600 ℃退火保温2 h后的各项力学性能均满足GJB 2744A—2007指标要求,其规定塑性延伸强度为1036 MPa,抗拉强度为1084 MPa,断后伸长率为9.8%,断面收缩率为30%。增材制造TC18钛合金的组织为典型的柱状晶组织,粗大的β相柱状晶粒内为细长的针状α相及编织细密的α+β相板条组织;随着退火温度的升高,β相柱状晶内的针状α相逐渐粗化。     

选区激光熔化TC4试样的力学性能及微观组织分析

采用选区激光熔化技术成形TC4试样,研究了线扫描功率、曝光时间和退火处理对TC4成形试样微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试样的缺陷随线扫描功率的升高而减少。线扫描功率在400 W,曝光时间为30μs,经过退火处理后,试样抗拉强度达到1153MPa,高出普通TC4钛合金锻件近300MPa,同时,试样的拉伸断面总体呈脆性断裂。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.