热处理工艺对22MnB5钢铝硅镀层氧化层厚度和组织演变的影响

目的探究奥氏体化工艺对铝硅镀层氧化层厚度和微观组织的影响规律及其演变机理。方法以热浸镀Al-10%Si的22MnB5为研究对象,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、辉光放电光谱仪(GD-OES)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器,观察镀层在奥氏体化过程中氧化层厚度的变化和微观组织的演变规律。结果当试样以15℃/s的速率升温到900℃后立即水淬,镀层氧化层最薄,当试样升温到900℃保温5 min后水淬,镀层氧化层出现了不同程度的开裂,镀层表面出现孔洞和脱落的现象,氧化层厚度明显增加。结论奥氏体化保温时间比奥氏体化升温速率对镀层氧化层厚度的影响更大,保温时间越长,氧渗入镀层的深度越深,氧化层越厚,奥氏体化时间的延长不利于镀层氧化层保持完整性,影响镀层对钢基体的保护功能。镀层及其氧化层的微观组织演变规律为:镀层中首先形成Al2Fe3Si3(τ1)和Fe2Al5相,随后Fe2Al5相生长并伴随FeAl2相形成,而后FeAl2+Fe2Al5相生长且有FeAl析出,随后FeAl相生长,氧化层出现孔洞,最后氧化层破裂,镀层表面孔洞增加,最终组织为FeAl2+Fe2Al5+FeAl。     

热处理对Cr/Al复合镀层组织转变的影响

通过先在水溶液中电镀Cr之后再在摩尔比为2∶1的AlCl3-EMIC(氯化1-甲基3-乙基咪唑)离子液体电镀Al的方法,在1Cr17钢表面制备出Cr/Al复合镀层。研究了在740℃条件下不同时间热处理对涂层组织和结构的影响。光学显微镜、二次电子和特征X射线能谱及X射线衍射研究结果表明:Cr/Al复合镀层通过740℃热处理可以得到Al-Cr涂层,随着时间的延长,外表面合金层成分依次按Al4Cr→Al11Cr4→Al9Cr4→Al8Cr5变化,最后形成单相的Al8Cr5,且涂层与基体之间不发生明显的互扩散;在5～20 min内Al9Cr4成分层的厚度及反应掉的Cr镀层厚度与时间平方根符合线性关系;氮气气氛中热处理可以减少涂层表面的空洞。显微硬度测试结果表明:Al8Cr5的脆性小,且硬度高于其他3种合金层。     

扩散退火对球墨铸铁热浸镀铝组织的影响

为了研究扩散退火对铸铁热浸镀铝工艺的影响,以球墨铸铁为基体进行热浸镀铝,对浸镀层截面进行了形貌观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和衍射分析(XRD),分析了扩散退火对镀层组织的影响.结果表明:浸镀层由表面富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成,形状如舌状指向基体.850℃扩散退火,随扩散时间的延长镀层组织结构明显变化.试验结果表明:耐热用热浸镀铝件在使用前进行扩散退火处理是可行的.     

冷轧钢板热浸镀铝层剥落的研究

借助附带能谱分析(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)研究了冷轧钢板热浸镀铝过程中的镀层剥落问题,发现镀铝钢板过渡层由靠近基体的Fe2Al5相和靠近纯铝层的FeAl3相组成。对镀层剥落后的表面进行X-射线检测,得出镀层剥落发生在FeAl3与纯铝层接触区域,剥落是由脆性相FeAl3引起的。     

热浸镀Zn-Al-Si镀层的组织

试验研究了550℃,纯铁在30Al-Zn-1.1Si和40Al-Zn-1.1Si合金浴中热浸镀生成的合金层组织。比较了两种合金镀层在不同浸镀时间合金层生长的变化,发现在τ5C相破裂之前阶段,两种镀层的合金层生长缓慢;随着反应时间延长,熔池扩散的进行,τ5C相破裂,液相开始进入FeAl3相,FeAl3相与τ5C相生长加快,故本试验中对合金层生长起主要抑制作用的是τ5C相;由于富硅的τ1相在界面上富集,再加上Fe2Al5中固溶硅的作用,抑制了铝的扩散,使(Fe2Al5+τ1)相生长缓慢而且致密。通过比较还发现,浸镀相同时间时,随着铝含量降低,合金层的厚度会更薄,τ5C相的抑制作用更强,形成的渣更少。     

少无氧扩散处理对热浸镀铝奥氏体钢氧化开裂影响的实验研究

对扩散热处理后的热浸镀铝1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢进行1000℃高温氧化试验,发现直接扩散处理试样在氧化120 h后表面出现明显开裂,而少无氧扩散处理试样经500 h氧化后表面完好。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪的观察及分析表明,由于扩散前期在外扩散层形成的Fe-Al合金(脆性相Fe2Al5和条状FeAl2)为氧提供了扩散通道,导致直接扩散试样的合金层内产生了内氧化空洞,在高温氧化阶段,内氧化占据主导地位,使镀层表面开裂。少无氧扩散能够防止氧进入合金层内部,而且随着扩散的进行,合金层的相组成及形态变化也对氧向内扩散起阻碍作用。少无氧扩散试样的高温氧化由外向内进行,延缓了合金层的开裂和脱落。     

扩散退火对热浸镀铝层组织与抗高温氧化性的影响

借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和环境扫描电镜(SEM/EDAX)对45钢热浸镀铝镀层及其扩散退火处理后的微观组织进行了研究.结果表明,热浸镀铝镀层由铝层和扩散层组成,外层铝层中主要成分为Al和FeAl3,内层扩散层中则主要为Fe2Al5和FeAl3等.扩散退火处理后镀层亦由内外两层组成,外层成分主要为Fe2Al5,内层则主要为FeAl.通过静态氧化增重法研究了45钢热浸镀铝扩散退火后的抗高温氧化性能,结果表明其抗高温氧化性好于未经扩散处理试样,显著优于45钢基体.     

球铁浸镀微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备与组织分析

通过热浸镀铝及微弧氧化的方法在球墨铸铁表面上获得了陶瓷层,并对该涂层进行了XRD、SEM分析.研究结果表明:浸镀温度越高,镀层越厚,直到达到一峰值;浸镀时间越长,镀层越厚.球墨铸铁浸镀微弧氧化获得的涂层由涂层表面至基体依次为陶瓷层、纯铝层、扩散层、基体.陶瓷层主要为Al2O3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成.     

硅对45钢热浸镀铝层真空扩散处理显微组织的影响

利用扫描电镜和能谱分析手段研究了铝池中的硅对热浸镀铝层在真空高温扩散处理过程中的显微组织演变的影响。确定了扩散层的组成相,研究了镀层的生长动力学,讨论了扩散层空洞带的形成机理。研究表明,铝池中的硅能减少热浸镀铝层的厚度。在同样的扩散条件下硅的添加抑制了Fe2Al5的生长,促进了FeAl和富铝α-Fe层的生长。扩散处理时从含硅的Fe2Al5中容易析出τ1-（Al,Si）5Fe3相或FeAl相。硅的加入使得FeAl层和富铝α-Fe层间的空洞或晶间裂纹易于早期出现,但随着扩散时间的延长,又逐渐减小或消失。空洞的形成与消失与硅在FeAl层中的富聚有关。由于Fe2Al5相与其中析出的τ1-（Al,Si）5Fe3相发生包共晶反应,即：τ1＋Fe2Al5L＋FeAl,形成了不连续的外侧FeAl层。     

扩散处理热浸镀铝钢高温抗氧化行为的研究

对经不同扩散工艺处理的热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性进行了研究,通过SEM、TEM、XRD分析了经扩散处理后,热浸镀铝层高温氧化过程中组织结构的变化情况,分析了热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性能和微观结构的关系,确定了提高热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性的适宜扩散温度.结果表明,经750℃扩散处理,热浸镀铝层结构由较厚的外表层(Fe2Al5+FeAl2)及内层(FeAl+条状FeAl2)组成,条状FeAl2的形成为氧提供了扩散通道,其抗氧化性较差;经950℃扩散处理,镀层外表层变薄,外表层转为单一FeAl2、内层为FeAl,并出现早期内氧化裂纹,其抗氧化性较差:当扩散处理温度为850℃时,镀层外表层变薄,结构转为FeAl2+少量Fe2Al5,而内层增厚,其结构为FeAl+球状FeAl2,而内层FeAl2球化,增强了氧由内层向基体扩散的阻碍作用,使氧只能逐层形成Al2O3+Fe2O3的氧化膜,提高了镀层的高温抗氧化性.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.