尿素熔盐中二元铁族合金膜的电沉积机理及磁性研究

在Pt电极上,利用正交优化法于353K的乙酰胺-尿素-NaBr-KBr熔体中电沉积制备了性能各异的二元铁族金属合金膜,即Fe-Co、Fe-Ni及Co-Ni,分析获得最佳性能的磁性膜及其工艺参数;利用循环伏安法,研究了不同熔体组分的电化学行为,3种铁族金属离子在Pt电极上都是一步完全不可逆反应,并且Fe2+和Co2+、Fe2+和Ni2+及Co2+和Ni2+各自的共同沉积机理皆为异常共沉积;及通过电化学动力学行为的分析,发现二元合金膜的沉积效率及合金成分的变化受传质系数和扩散系数的影响。此外,对于Fe-Co和Fe-Ni,其矫顽力主要受沉积电位影响,而Co-Ni只受搅拌控制;对于剩磁比,Fe-Co和Fe-Ni主要受电位和摩尔比的共同影响,而Co-Ni只受电位影响,其中,搅拌对三者磁性膜的剩磁比几无影响;换言之,三者二元合金膜的磁性受其成分和具体结构的影响。     

低温熔盐中电沉积制备La-Mg-Ni三元合金膜及其性能研究

采用恒电位法在乙酰胺-尿素-NaBr-KBr熔体中电沉积出La-Mg-Ni三元合金膜。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了沉积层的表面形貌和结构,用Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)方法研究了合金薄膜的电化学性能。结果表明,随着阴极电位负移的增大,表面更平整,储氢性能更好。当沉积电位为-1.0V时,沉积层表面的表观活化自由能最小(△G≠=22.35kJ.mol-1),说明具有很高的析氢活性。在EIS中的吸附程度Q为7.98μF.cm-2,表明具有很高的储氢能力。     

Zr对钐铁合金微结构和相组成的影响

研究了添加0．5at％和1．0at％Zr对钐铁合金微结构和相组成的影响。添加和不添加Zr的Sm-Fe合金相比，发现添加1．0at％Zr可以基本消除铸态组织中的α-Fe，并且能同时减少富钐相。多添加18at％Sm的Sm-Fe合金退火后，仍残留少量的α-Fe，而添加1．0at％Zr的Sm-Fe-Zr合金退火后主相Sm2Fe17以及α-Fe的量没有明显的变化，因此有可能避免过长的均匀化退火过程。     

添加Nb元素对Sm2Fe17合金微结构的影响

通过氢化-歧化-脱氢-重组法制备Sm2(Fe，M)17(M=Nb)合金，探讨了添加合金元素Nb对Sm2Fe17合金的微结构的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等分析手段对Sm2(Fe，M)17(M=Nb)进行测试和分析表明：添加微量的Nb元素可以有效的改善Sm-Fe合金铸态组织的显微结构。     

快淬SmFe合金的微观结构及相组成

采用SEM、XRD、EDX、AFM等方法分析了快淬Sm-Fe合金的微观结构和相组成。研究表明：Sm-Fe合金铸锭由Sm2Fe17相、富Sm相和大量的α-Fe相组成，经过一定的均匀化热处理后，获得了几乎单一的Sm2Fe17相合金；快淬速度为10m／s时，获得的Sm-Fe合金由Th2zn17，菱形对称结构的Sm2Fe17相及少量的α-Fe组成，合金晶粒尺寸约为100nm，且分布不均匀：当快淬速度为20m／s时，合金仍由Sm2Fe17相和α-Fe相组成，但与10m／s的合金相比，α-Fe相明显增多，同时稳定相Sm2Fe17向亚稳定相Sm10Fe90转变；当快淬速度大于30m／s时，合金完全为ThCu7型六角晶结构的Sm10Fe90相，平均晶粒尺寸在40～50nm，分布均匀。     

Cu-1.2Cr-0.6Fe合金微观组织和力学性能的研究

在大气环境下采用熔铸法制备了Cu-1．2Cr-0．6Fe合金,利用OM、XRD和EPMA分析研究了该合金铸态和热处理态的显微组织,并利用INSTRON5882电子万能材料试验机和HBE-300型电子布氏硬度计分别测试了该材料的拉伸性能和硬度。结果表明,Cr与Cu不能形成化合物,可有限同溶于纯铜中,超过部分形成过剩的第二相。Fe具有同溶强化效应和细化晶粒的作用,能改善合金力学性能。合金材料铸态试样的拉伸强度、硬度分别为247．65MPa和67．6HB。铸态合金试样经960℃×1h同溶（水淬）→470℃×6h时效（空冷）热处理后,可析出细小弥散的第二相质点,其硬度值可提高到98．7HB。     

Fe74Cr2Mo2Sn2P10Si4B4C2非晶合金的晶化过程和硬度变化

Fe74Cr2Mo2Sn2P10Si4B4C2是一种发现不久的块体非晶合金。用旋淬法制备了该合金的非晶带材,DSC测得玻璃转化温度Tg是750K,晶化温度Tx1是786K,Tx2是805K。将带材样品分别在不同保温温度和保温时间下退火,用XRD和DSC研究晶化时的相转变。Fe74Cr2Mo2Sn2P10Si484C2非晶合金的晶化过程为Am→Am＋α-Fe-α-Fe＋Fe3P＋Cr23C6＋Fe3C＋Fe3B＋Fe2B,晶化的两个阶段分别对应淬态样品DSC曲线上的两个放热峰。测试了不同退火条件下样品的显微维氏硬度,结果表明晶化使硬度升高,二次晶化时最高,达到HV1278。     

Preparation of High Corrosion Resistance Ni-Fe-Sm Alloy Films in Reline SystemEI北大核心CSCD

针对在传统水溶液电解质中制备的 Ni-Fe 合金存在表面粗糙且耐腐蚀性能差的问题,在氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体体系 (Reline)中,加入稀土元素 Sm 对 Ni-Fe 合金进行改性,制备 Ni-Fe-Sm 三元合金膜。采用循环伏安测试、塔菲尔测试、扫描电镜、X 射线能谱仪研究金属离子在 Reline 离子液体中的电化学行为、合金膜表面形貌及其耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Ni(Ⅱ)、 Fe(Ⅱ)为一步不可逆还原过程,Ni-Fe-Sm 合金在 Reline 体系中成核机制为三维瞬时成核。合金膜表面各金属元素分布均匀, 微观结构呈瘤状球形颗粒,合金膜表面细致,裂纹少,排布整齐。在 3.5 wt.%NaCl 和 10 wt.%HCl 溶液中,加入稀土元素 Sm, 合金膜的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,当沉积电位为?1.22 V,沉积时间为 20 min 时,自腐蚀电流密度最小,腐蚀速度最低,自腐蚀电位最正,耐腐蚀性能最高。进一步丰富了在 Reline 体系中添加稀土元素提高合金耐腐蚀性能的认识,使其在防护、存储等领域有较好的应用前景。     

A组分变化对AB2型储氢合金组织结构及电化学性能的影响

设计了两种成分AB2型合金,（Zr1-XTiX）（NiVMnCo）2＋α,采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及电化学性能测试方法分别对它们的铸态、快淬态及快淬态经过773 K、973 K和1 173 K退火处理的合金进行研究,结果表明,在AB2型储氢合金中加入少量Ti,可以增加电极的放电容量,提高循环寿命。熔体旋转快淬制备的非晶态合金电极的电化学性能差。快淬样品经过退火后,可获得纳米晶结构,能够大幅度提高电极材料的放电容量（370 mAh/g）和循环寿命（300次循环后容量衰减3%）。     

液氮球磨Sm-Fe合金的组织演变

利用低温液氮球磨技术制备了Sm-Fe合金粉体,采用XRD、HRTEM和惰性气脉冲-红外-热导等方法对Sm2Fe17合金粉体在液氮球磨过程中的组织演变进行了研究。结果表明,液氮球磨可加速细化Sm-Fe合金粉体。球磨5 h后,Sm-Fe合金的晶粒尺寸约为10 nm,9 h后晶粒尺寸约为5 nm。Sm-Fe合金中的氮含量随着球磨时间的延长而增加,主轴转速150 r/min球磨9 h后,氮含量达1.62% (质量分数, 下同)。随着球磨时间的延长,Sm2Fe17相向非晶态转变,降低球磨转速可以延缓非晶的形成过程     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.