3D打印在砂型铸造中的应用及发展现状

综述了3D打印在砂型铸造行业的应用及研究现状,对激光选区烧结技术(SLS)和三维粉末粘接技术(3DP)的原理、成形影响因素进行了概括。介绍了3D打印在铸造行业的应用,并简要分析了铸造领域3D打印技术在材料和工艺方面的发展趋势。     

砂温调节器在铸造砂型3D打印中的应用

近几年来3D打印砂芯、砂型在铸造行业的应用得到快速的发展,在3D打印过程中,打印用砂的温度直接影响着砂芯、砂型的质量,所以对砂型3D打印用砂的温度控制提出了 一定的要求.砂型3D打印用砂温度的控制主要由砂温调节器来实现,本文主要针对砂温调节器对于3D打印用砂温度的精确控制展开讨论与研究.     

基于砂型（芯）3D打印的阀门生产工艺实践

以阀门整体砂型(芯)为例,分别从打印设备、工艺制定、质量评定等环节阐述了3D打印在企业生产应用现状,介绍了砂型3D打印在阀门砂型铸造中的应用。结果表明,3D砂型(芯)表面光洁,模型存在阶梯效应,砂型强度满足生产需求。运用3DP技术结合铸造工艺,生产了材质为Z3CN20-09M,6J300核级截止阀,铸件尺寸精度和表面质量良好,经RT、PT检测均合格,验证了工艺的可行性。     

3D打印技术在砂型铸造领域的应用前景浅析

结合砂型铸造行业面临的自身发展、产品结构以及环保政策等问题,阐述了采用3D打印技术在砂型铸造领域产业化应用的优势,并详细介绍了3D砂型打印在汽车转向器领域、发动机领域以及电机领域的应用实例,说明了铸造砂型3D打印设备的应用,简化了造型工艺,缩短了生产周期,降低了铸件制造成本,有效地提高了新产品研发效率,可在结构复杂、质量要求高、单件小批量铸件制造领域进行大范围推广应用。     

铸造砂型3D打印技术应用及选型分析

研究了当前铸造砂型3D打印机的应用原理、工艺流程及主要性能,并对选型参考、应用等方面进行分析。结果表明,砂型3D打印技术相比传统树脂砂铸造技术有其先进性及优势,企业用户在选择砂型3D打印设备时,需根据自身企业产品的特点综合考虑,砂型3D打印在铸造上的应用工艺已相对成熟。     

3D打印技术在金属铸造领域的研究现状与展望

综述了3D打印在快速熔模铸造、砂型铸造等金属铸造领域的研究现状及发展前景。3D打印技术应用于快速熔模铸造的研究中,多采用3D打印制造的原型替代传统的蜡模作为熔模,表面涂覆浆料,经过焙烧制得型壳,再进行铸件浇注成型;结合3D打印技术的砂型铸造可用于复杂结构的砂型(芯)的制造,其零部件尺寸精度较传统砂型铸造尺寸精度高,且具有高效率和低成本的显著优点。最后重点分析了国内外3D打印发展的现状,提出我国3D打印技术产业现阶段应重点突破高性能原材料、核心零部件与工艺软件的瓶颈,提升我国增材制造产业的核心竞争力。     

砂型3D打印技术对刹车盘铸造工艺的优化

通过比较喷墨砂型3D打印技术铸造工艺和传统砂型铸造工艺生产风道刹车盘的不同,展示喷墨砂型3D打印技术的优点及对铸造工艺的优化。     

3D打印砂型在铸造中的应用

介绍了3D打印机的工作原理及在砂型铸造中的应用,列举了3D打印技术在工程机械铸件新产品开发、汽车铸件新产品开发及航空复杂铸件上的应用,得出以下结论:(1)采用3D打印铸件砂型,浇注的铸件精度高、披缝少、易清理,新产品开发速度快,适用于新产品开发和复杂件单件小批量的生产;(2)3D打印工艺的设计更改只需要更改三维模型,因而可以快速切换、升级;(3)高端砂型依赖进口设备和原材料,3D打印成本相对较高,是传统铸造的补充,对于普通铸造无法生产的铸件砂型,可以使用3D打印来完成。     

3D打印技术制作风扇部件铸造模具的应用研究

以风扇部件为研究对象,分析其铸造工艺并确定相关参数,利用UG8.0建立风扇部件铸造模具的三维实体模型,采用3D打印技术打印出模具实体,并以此3D打印模具替代传统木模进行砂型铸造并浇注,最终获得风扇部件铝合金铸件。结果表明:采用3D打印技术直接打印风扇部件铸造模具,简化了木模师制作复杂曲面木模的工艺及流程,可缩短模型制作时间,节约成本,提高效率。该技术也可应用到其他复杂产品的铸造生产中。     

3D打印技术在缸体铸件生产上的应用

介绍了缸体铸件的结构及技术要求,详细阐述了3D打印树脂砂型的工艺及铸造工艺,生产结果显示:铸件的尺寸精度达到8级,铸件内腔的砂子易清理,表面质量比用现有的树脂砂产品好,对铸件进行PT检测后,铸件未发现任何缺陷,得出以下结论:采用3D打印树脂砂型进行浇注的方法所得到的铸件质量要优于传统通过模具制造砂型进行浇注获得的铸件,充分证明了3D打印技术在复杂铸件的铸造过程中的优势,对于铸造企业转型升级及产品创新有着较大的现实意义。     

3D打印技术的最新发展及在铸造中的应用

介绍了3D打印技术的现状与发展,重点介绍了3D打印技术在未来铸造生产中的发展和应用。3D打印技术是新的工业革命的标志性技术之一,3D打印砂芯技术用于铸造,可实现无模铸造,有效提高复杂铸件的生产效益和效率,将给铸造业带来一场新的技术革命。     

The role and impact of 3D printing technologies in casting

3D printing is such a magical technology that it extends into almost every sector relating to manufacturing, not to mention casting production. In this paper, the past, present and future of 3D printing in the foundry sector are profoundly reviewed. 3D printing has the potential to supplement or partially replace the casting method. Today, some castings can be directly printed by metal powders, for example, titanium alloys, nickel alloys and steel parts. Meanwhile, 3D printing has found an unique position in other casting aspects as well, such as printing the wax pattern, ceramic shell, sand core, sand mould, etc. Most importantly, 3D printing is not just a manufacturing method, it will also revolutionize the design of products, assemblies and parts, such as castings,patterns, cores, moulds and shells in casting production. The solid structure of castings and moulds will be redesigned in future into truss or spatially open and skeleton structures. This kind of revolution is just sprouting, but it will bring unimaginable impact on manufacturing including casting production. Nobody doubts the potential of 3D printing technologies in manufacturing, but they do have limitations and drawbacks.     

Controlled cooling of an aluminum alloy casting based on 3D printed rib reinforced shell mold

3D printing technology has been used for sand molding and core printing, but they simply substitute the traditional molding and core making method without changing the shape or size of the sand mold(core) and their dense structure. In this study, a new type of hollow mold based on 3D printing is presented. The new type of mold is a rib reinforced thickness-varying shell mold. This mold design can realize the controlled cooling of castings, i.e., different cooling rates at different areas, and improve the temperature uniformity of a casting after its solidifi cation. Therefore, the performance of castings can be improved and their residual stress and deformation can be reduced. This kind of new mold was applied to a stress frame of A356 aluminum alloy. The 3D printed rib reinforced thickness-varying shell mold was compared with the traditional dense mold, and the castings obtained by these two kinds of molds were also compared. The experimental results showed that the rib reinforced shell mold increased the cooling rate of the casting by 30%, tensile strength by 17%, yield strength by 11%, elongation by 67%, and decreased its deformation by 43%, while sand consumption was greatly reduced by 90%.     

Additive manufacturing and foundry innovation

Additive manufacturing is expected to transform and upgrade the traditional foundry industry to realize the integrated manufacturing and rapid and low-cost development of high-performance components with complex shapes. The additive manufacturing technology commonly applied in casting mold preparation (fusible molds, sand molds/cores and ceramic cores) mainly includes selective laser sintering (SLS) and binder injection three-dimensional printing (3DP). In this work, the research status of SLS/3DP-casting processes on material preparation, equipment development, process optimization, simulation and application cases in aerospace, automotive and other fields were elaborated. Finally, the developing trends of the additive manufacturing technology in the future of foundry field are introduced, including multi-material sand molds (metal core included), ceramic core-shell integration and die-casting dies with conformal cooling runners.     

砂型铸造精度的现状及发展

简述了砂型铸造精度的现状，列举了通过砂型铸造近净形化技术，气流冲击造型等技术的开发和应用，在提高砂型铸造精度方面取得的进展，指出砂型铸造精密化是其技术发展的一个方向。     

低碳合金钢铸件消失模铸造技术研究与应用

运用计算机辅助三维设计、计算机辅助凝固过程数值模拟和计算机辅助数控编程制造CAD/CAE/CAM一体化技术手段,通过优化设计产品模型结构、铸造工艺参数、产品模具工装结构、浇冒口工艺系统以及模具型腔数控加工的刀具定位源文件,研究开发了货运列车低碳合金钢零部件转8A型承载鞍消失模铸件产品.与普通砂型铸造相比,其铸件单体重量减轻了3kg,铸件重量精度达到MT7级,铸件尺寸精度达到CT8级,铸造工艺出品率达到65%;本文也对大批量产生过程中容易出现的铸造缺陷进行了分析并提出了解决的办法.     

压铸工艺对压铸件质量影响的研究现状及发展

压铸技术经过一个半世纪的发展,已经成为铸造行业的重要分支之一。虽然压铸有着生产效率高等诸多优点,但压铸件的气孔、缩孔和裂纹等缺陷一直未能得到很好的解决。压铸工艺是将压铸机、压铸合金和压铸模具等三大要素进行有机结合和综合应用的过程,对压铸生产有着重要影响。本文以文献调研为主,探讨了在压铸生产过程中,压铸工艺参数和压铸生产效率、压铸件质量以及模具质量之间的关系,并对我国压铸产业未来发展方向和面临的问题进行了分析。     

金属型真空重力精密铸造技术的研究及在铝硅系合金铸造上的应用

总结了传统金属型铸造的特点，综合创新研发了金属型真空重力精密铸造技术，开展了真空环境中铝液流动充型和快速凝固过程的研究，并投入批量生产，生产证明，该技术在增加铸件致密度、强度，提高尺寸精度和金属利用率，减少废品和降低生产成本等各方面都有明显的优势，具有很大的推广应用价值。     

Insulation effect of air cavity in sand mold using 3D printing technology

The insulation effect of the air cavity surrounding the riser in a 3D printed sand mold was studied. The influence of the air cavity on heat flux was theoretically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the heat flux of the air cavity in the 3D printed sand mold was significantly less than that of resin-bonded sand. The insulation effect of the air cavity in sand molds for a cylinder casting and a stress-frame casting were simulated using software COMSOL. The results illustrated that the air cavity could be used to insulate the riser and it was more suitable for a lower melting point metal casting. An air cavity with 10-15 mm width and 5-10 mm away from the riser can significantly prolong the solidification of the riser by over 10%. Meanwhile, the sand mold for the stressframe was made by 3D printing technology and poured with aluminum alloy A356 melt. The experiment results showed that the presence of the air cavity led to a 12.5% increase of the solidification time of its riser.     

铸造旧砂再生回用技术现状及进展

本文对近5年来铸造旧砂再生回用技术研究及应用的进展进行了概述.对目前广泛使用的再生回用技术、设备的研究及应用进行了分析.认为铸造废旧砂的再生回用是铸造工业实现绿色可持续发展的必然要求,低成本高效率地再生回用铸造旧砂是铸造技术进步的重要方向.