基于AMESim的轮式装载机工作装置建模与仿真研究

通过对某款国产轮式装载机工作装置结构与作业过程的分析,利用仿真软件AMESim建立相应的机液耦合模型并进行动态仿真,得出装载机典型作业过程中系统压力、流量等参数的变化情况。在此基础上设计了新工作装置负载敏感液压系统,并对该负载敏感系统进行仿真研究。研究表明:与原系统相比,负载敏感系统能够更好地适应装载机复杂工况需求,具有良好的节能效果和操作特性。此外该研究方法对于类似机液耦合机构的设计、分析与优化具有一定的参考价值。     

装载机偏载工况工作过程联合仿真与试验

为了分析装载机在偏载工作过程中的能量消耗情况,首先使用Pro/E软件建立了装载机工作装置的三维模型,将其导入SimulationX仿真软件中建立了装载机的动力学模型,同时使用该仿真软件建立了装载机工作装置液压系统模型,进一步建立了装载机联合仿真模型。然后对工作过程各个工作部件能量消耗情况进行了仿真和试验研究,通过比较仿真与试验结果,验证了所建立装载机工作装置机液联合仿真模型的准确性。结果表明：偏载工况下,多路阀的能量损失占52%;多路阀在一个工作循环中消耗能量最大,主要是中位卸荷损失。该研究为装载机液压控制系统节能设计提供了参考。     

装载机偏载工况工作过程联合仿真与试验（英文）

为了分析装载机在偏载工作过程中的能量消耗情况,首先使用Pro/E软件建立了装载机工作装置的三维模型,将其导入Simulation X仿真软件中建立了装载机的动力学模型,同时使用该仿真软件建立了装载机工作装置液压系统模型,进一步建立了装载机联合仿真模型。然后对工作过程各个工作部件能量消耗情况进行了仿真和试验研究,通过比较仿真与试验结果,验证了所建立装载机工作装置机液联合仿真模型的准确性。结果表明:偏载工况下,多路阀的能量损失占52%;多路阀在一个工作循环中消耗能量最大,主要是中位卸荷损失。该研究为装载机液压控制系统节能设计提供了参考。     

三腔液压缸驱动装载机动臂运行特性仿真研究

装载机外负载变化频繁且波动范围大,动臂举升时液压系统峰值功率大,动臂下降时举升装置重力势能经液压阀口以节流损失的形式转化为热能,导致液压油温度升高、系统能量效率低。提出基于三腔液压缸的装载机动臂自重液气平衡势能回收系统,在SimulationX仿真软件中建立了装载机机液联合仿真模型,通过试验结果验证了该模型的准确性。在此模型的基础上,采用已建立的三腔液压缸仿真模型代替原机动臂两腔液压缸,针对空载工况中动臂的举升下降过程进行了仿真研究,对比两腔液压缸与三腔液压缸的运行与能耗特性。研究结果表明:在蓄能器初始压力为6 MPa时,该系统具有与原机相同的运行特性,液压泵峰值功率降低57. 1%,能量消耗降低约39. 5%。     

山地收割机液压驱动系统仿真分析

为解决收割机在山区行走作业时适应性问题，设计出一套基于负载敏感原理的山地收割机液压驱动系统，在分析液压驱动系统工作原理的基础上，基于AMESim搭建驱动系统的仿真模型。仿真分析了该驱动系统在变负载启动、匀速、制动以及转向和爬坡工况下的动态特性。仿真结果表明:山地收割机驱动回路能够按照工况要求实现指定动作，抗干扰能力强，操控性强;且在该系统中液压马达的转速大小取决于多路阀开口的大小，与外界负载无关，更利于实现速度及速度同步控制。研究结果表明:所设计的基于负载敏感原理的山地收割机液压驱动系统能实现工作需求。     

采伐机头的液压系统设计分析

林业采伐自动化作业成为一种趋势，替代原始手工作业。主要对采伐作业机头的液压系统进行分析并进行参数化设计，通过使用负载敏感泵及多路阀技术优化系统，基于AMEsim仿真分析验证设计合理性和可靠性，为相关产品研制及一些负载敏感系统设计提供经验和数据支撑。     

基于Automation Studio的湿喷机机电液联合仿真模型构建方法

为研究湿喷机的智能控制方法，以某湿喷机机械臂装置为研究对象，采用Creo建立机械臂的机械模型，导入到Automation Studio，与利用Automation Studio平台构建的液压模型与电气控制模型关联，构建湿喷机样机的机电液联合仿真模型。在Automation Studio中进行功能试验,结果表明：联合仿真模型中湿喷机的工作装置功能正确，液压系统可有效反馈负载变化，电气系统可实现工作装置的动作，验证了该仿真模型的正确性。     

基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机动态性能仿真研究

针对挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合变形对液压控制系统动态特性的影响，结合虚拟样机建模和联合仿真技术进行动态特性研究。利用UG软件建立某型号挖掘机三维模型，通过有限元软件柔性化处理后导入ADAMS动力学分析软件中，构建挖掘机工作装置刚柔耦合虚拟样机。利用AMESim软件和负载敏感原理，建立挖掘机工作装置闭环液压控制系统。通过软件联合构造挖掘机机电液一体化的刚柔耦合仿真模型。针对挖掘机典型挖掘工况和重载举升工况下的运动轨迹进行仿真研究，结果表明：基于刚柔耦合建模的挖掘机液压控制系统动态稳定性较强，重载工况最大位置误差小于0.01 m,位置精度较高，实现了挖掘机刚柔耦合一体化建模仿真。     

旋耕机电液负载敏感系统能耗分析

针对液压旋耕机工作装置设计一套电液式定量泵负载敏感系统,相比较传统定流量负载敏感系统,采用永磁同步电机与定量泵结合替换三通压力补偿阀。给出液压系统原理图及系统控制框图,并搭建数学模型分析其控制策略,通过AMESim搭建系统仿真模型,仿真分析旋耕机工作装置各执行机构单独工作、复合动作时的功率曲线与能量曲线,分析系统的能耗情况。结果表明：该系统通过永磁同步电机动态地调节定量泵输出的流量,使定量泵输出功率跟随负载变化,从而减少系统的溢流损失,增加了旋耕机工作装置的能量利用率,提高系统的节能效果。     

基于负载敏感控制的木墩机粉碎系统研究

木墩机粉碎系统工作时由于负载变化频繁,常会出现液压马达输出动力不足导致粉碎鼓卡死等现象。设计了以负载敏感变量柱塞泵为核心元件的液压粉碎系统。在深入分析木墩机粉碎系统不同工况基础上,在AMESim平台下建立了基于负载敏感控制的木墩机粉碎系统仿真模型,并对其进行了静动态仿真。仿真结果表明:通过调节负载敏感阀和恒压阀的弹簧刚度可以缩短系统响应时间,实现系统优化;负载敏感粉碎系统输入执行元件的流量只与换向阀阀口的开度有关,与外界的压力(负载)大小无关。负载敏感粉碎系统能够实现木墩机节能降耗,提高整机的工作可靠性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.