锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的制备及电化学性能

采用嵌段聚合物型表面活性剂P123作为结构导向剂,利用溶胶-凝胶方法制备出纳米TiO2作为合成Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材料的原料之一.然后采用湿法球磨辅助的固相反应合成方法,以丙酮作为球磨介质,制备出Li4Ti5O12锂离子电池负极材科,并对所制备的Li4Ti5O12电极材料进行扫描电镜SEM、透射电镜TEM、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安(CV)以及循环性能测试.电化学性能测试表明所制各出的锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12具有较高的放电比容量和优异的循环性能.在电流密度为16 mA/g时首次放电比容量为155 mAh/g,首次库仑效率为98.3%.300次循环结束时放电比容量仍可达150.8 mAh/g,约为首次放电比容量的97.3%,300次循环容量仅衰减了2.7%.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Fe—Based Coatings Containing Amorphous Phase Prepared by Electric Arc Spraying

采用倒相法在Cu箔上制得与Cu箔结合牢固的PAN与石墨多孔复合膜,以其作阴极、纯Sn作阳极进行脉冲电沉积, Sn通过多孔复合膜的微孔沉积在铜箔上,然后在氩气气氛中热处理,得到具有复合结构的Sn基合金电极(碳膜隔离的Cu-Sn合金),用作Li离子电池的负极. SEM和EDS能谱分析以及模拟电池的电化学性能测试结果表明:与通常的在裸Cu箔上直接电沉积Sn并热处理的Sn电极相比,这种具有复合结构的Sn电极热处理后具有更好的循环性能和更高的循环容量,首次放电容量达到538.3 mA·h/g,50次循环后充电(Li离子的脱出)循环容量保持率仍有85.5%.     

氧化铝模板的制备工艺研究

锡的氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料是近来人们研究的热点之一,因为它的理论容量是石墨的2倍以上.然而,较大的首次容量损失是该材料的致命弱点.研究表明,纳米纤维结构的电极材料对解决该问题起到很大的作用.多孔氧化铝膜具有制备简单,控制纳米孔洞尺寸方便等优点,利用多孔氧化铝膜作为载体采用溶胶-凝胶-模板法制备SnO2纳米纤维,对解决锂离子电池首次可逆损失以及今后研究以锡基纳米纤维作为锂离子电池负电池材料的电化学性能有很大的意义.为了找寻在草酸电解液中制备氧化铝模板的最佳工艺,针对各种工艺参数(如电流密度、氧化时间、电解液浓度等)对氧化铝膜形成的影响进行了研究,确定最佳工艺为:电流密度1.25A/dm2,氧化时间1～2h,草酸电解液浓度为0.3～0.5mol/L,并对氧化锡纳米纤维结构进行了表征.     

多孔钛/TiO2纳米管复合薄膜制备及其电化学性能

目的 制备高比容量多孔钛/TiO2纳米管三维自支撑一体化复合电极材料。方法 采用非溶剂致相分离法与高温烧结相结合的方法制备出孔径小、空间利用率高的三维多孔钛平板膜,然后经阳极氧化法在其表面生长TiO2纳米管,从而制备出多孔钛/TiO2纳米管复合薄膜电极。结果 以3 μm粒径钛粉为原料,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯腈为添加剂制备钛膜生坯,经刮膜成型后,在氩气保护下经1000 ℃烧结,得到孔径约为2～6 μm的多孔钛平板膜。采用阳极氧化法在多孔钛平板膜上直接生长TiO2纳米管,制得多孔钛/TiO2纳米管复合薄膜电极。该复合薄膜电极在超级电容器中具有良好的电化学性能,其在2 mA/cm2电流密度下,比电容为385.34 mF/cm2,即使电流密度增加到10 mA/cm2,比电容仍能保持在125.14 mF/cm2。结论 相较于TiO2纳米颗粒,采用此方法制备的多孔钛/TiO2纳米管复合薄膜电极具有良好的电化学性能,可为下一代储能器件提供新的思路。     

多孔VN纳米带锂离子电池负极材料研究

通过水热法及后续的氮化处理制备了尺寸均一的多孔氮化钒纳米带锂离子电池负极材料。利用SEM和XRD对所制备的样品进行了形貌和成分的表征,并研究了其电化学性能。结果表明,VN纳米带在40 m A/g电流密度下,首次放电比容量可高达374 m Ah/g,经过4次循环稳定之后,库伦效率能达到97%以上,并且100次循环后容量还能保持250 m Ah/g。     

TiO_2·nH_2O水热制备钛酸纳米簇及电化学性能研究

以水解沉淀法制备得到的TiO_2·n H_2O为钛源,采用强碱水热法得到的钛酸纳米簇和以TiO_2为钛源制得的产物相比具有更加优异的电化学性能。在50 m A/g的电流密度下首次放电比容量高达425.6 m Ah/g,在1000 m A/g的大倍率下循环3000次后的比容量稳定在115 m Ah/g,库伦效率几乎为100%。因此,该材料作为大功率长寿命锂离子电池的负极材料,具有很好的应用前景。     

锂离子电池用高容量硅/碳复合负极材料（英文）

通过镁和氧化亚硅之间的氧化还原反应制备细硅,并采用湿法混料及高温热解法合成了锂离子电池用硅/石墨/裂解碳复合负极材料。利用XRD、SEM、电化学测试考察了复合材料的结构与电化学性能,并结合循环伏安和电化学阻抗技术研究了复合材料的电化学可逆性和动力学性能。结果表明:制备的复合材料首次可逆容量为880 mAh/g,循环40次后为780 mAh/g,容量保持率可达88.6%,该方法显著改善了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。性能的提高主要归因于纳米结构的硅均匀分散在碳基体中,很好地抑制了充放电过程中的体积效应,同时石墨和裂解碳也充分保证了复合材料良好的导电性。     

High Reversible Capacity Si/C Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

通过镁和氧化亚硅之间的氧化还原反应制备细硅,并采用湿法混料及高温热解法合成了锂离子电池用硅/石墨/裂解碳复合负极材料。利用XRD、SEM、电化学测试考察了复合材料的结构与电化学性能,并结合循环伏安和电化学阻抗技术研究了复合材料的电化学可逆性和动力学性能。结果表明:制备的复合材料首次可逆容量为880 mAh/g,循环40次后为780 mAh/g,容量保持率可达88.6%,该方法显著改善了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。性能的提高主要归因于纳米结构的硅均匀分散在碳基体中,很好地抑制了充放电过程中的体积效应,同时石墨和裂解碳也充分保证了复合材料良好的导电性。     

钠离子电池用多孔α-Fe_2O_3纳米球负极材料的制备与电化学性能

随着大规模储能领域的发展,钠离子电池逐渐得到了更多的关注,其中氧化铁负极材料具有成本低、无毒性和高理论容量的优点。采用水热法和牺牲模板法制备了多孔α-Fe_2O_3纳米球。结果表明,这种材料作为钠离子电池负极,展示出良好的电化学性能,在循环过程中,其独特的结构可以适应大体积变化并促进电子和电解液的交换。在50 m A/g的电流密度下,首次放电比容量达到520 m Ah/g。由于合成技术简单,性能优异,多孔α-Fe_2O_3纳米球在钠离子电池负极材料方面有巨大的应用潜力。     

多孔钛表面TiO2纳米管的阳极氧化制备及光催化性能（英文）

对多孔钛表面制备TiO2纳米管的阳极氧化工艺进行研究。在两种电解质溶液中采用阳极氧化法分别对多孔钛和钛箔进行表面处理。一种电解质溶液是含有0.5%HF的冰醋酸,另一种电解质溶液是含有0.5%NH4F(质量分数)的乙二醇溶液(醇水体积比4:1)。结果表明:两种方法在钛箔上都可以生成TiO2纳米管,而多孔钛表面只能在NH4F电解质溶液中生成纳米管,HF溶液中过高的电流密度是纳米管在多孔钛基体上难以生成的主要原因。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对不同基体上的TiO2纳米管进行表征,相比钛箔基体上的纳米管管壁,多孔钛上的纳米管管壁更薄。对所制备的TiO2热处理研究表明,锐钛矿相在400°C时形成,并在700°C完全转变为金红石相。经450°C热处理样品的光催化性能最好。光催化性能也受到多孔钛孔隙率的影响,在孔隙率为60%时光催化性能最好。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.