时效温度对Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-C记忆合金回复应力的影响

研究了时效温度对Ｆｅ－１４Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－８Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ－０．２Ｃ记忆合金回复应力的影响。结果表明：合金经变形后加热时产生的最大回复应力σｈ随时效温度的升高而增加,在１０２３Ｋ达到最大值,比固溶态增加了７５％;随后σｈ将随时效工的进一步升高迅速下降。但是当时效温度高于１１２３Ｋ后,时效温度的进一步升高对σｈ几乎没有影响。时效后合金加热时产生的最大回复应力都大于固溶态时的回复应力。时效温度对合金加热后     

淬火温度对冷拉态Fe—18Mn—5Si—8Cr—4Ni合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了淬火温度对Ｆｅ－１８Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－８Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ记忆合金形状记忆效应和显微组织的影响。结果表明：合金的形状回复率和可回复变形量都随淬火温度的升高而增加,冷加工过程中产生的应力诱发ε马氏体的量随淬火温度的升高而减少,在６５０℃时形状回复率和可回复变形量达到最大值,在７５０℃时应力诱发ε马氏体完全消失,随后形状回复率和可回复变形量随淬火温度的进一步升高而快速下降;但淬火温度高于７５０℃时应力诱发     

明效Fe—Mn—Si—Co—Mo合金中应力诱发马氏体的逆相变与形状记忆效应

研究了时效对Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金的临界屈服应力,应力诱发马氏体逆转变以及形状记忆效应的影响,结果表明,随着时效温度的升高,室温下的母相屈服应力与应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力之差增大,应力诱发马氏体逆转变温度Ａｃ和Ａｆ升高,而形状忘儿应在６００℃时效时出现峰值。     

FeMnSiCrNi形状记忆合金研究

研究了ＦｅＭｎＳｉＣｒＮｉ合金的化学成分、蠕变性能及腐蚀特性。结果表明，Ｆｅ－１４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ合金具有较好的形状记忆效应。经训练后，合金绝对应变回复率可达６．２％，并具有较好的抗蠕变性能、抗碱性腐蚀性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能。     

Fe－Mn－Si形状记忆合金中元素对材料耐蚀性的影响

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ形状记忆合金中元素对材料耐腐蚀性能及形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明：在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金中，随着Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ含量的增加，其耐腐蚀性能略有提高，但Ｍｎ含量过高会导致合金形状记忆性能下降。而在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金中加入适量的Ｃｒ，可明显提高该合金的耐腐蚀性能，并使之具有良好的形状记忆性能。     

Fe—Mn—Si形状记忆合金中元素对材料耐蚀性的影响

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ形状记忆合金中元素对材料耐腐蚀性能及形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明：在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金中，随着Ｍｎ，Ｓｉ含量的增加，其耐腐蚀性能略有提高，但Ｍｎ含量过高会导致合金形状记忆性能下降。而在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金中加入适量的Ｃｒ，可明显提高该合金的耐腐蚀性能，并使之具有良好的形状记忆性能。     

形变对Fe－30Mn－6Si基合金形状记忆效应的影响及其机理研究

本文用膨胀法比较了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ合金在拉伸应变下纵向（沿拉伸方向）和横向（垂直拉伸方向）恢复率的不同；研究了预应变对纵向恢复量，恢复率以及Ａ_ｓ，Ａ_ｆ的影响；还用一个大应变量下的样品在Ａ_ｓ和Ａ_ｆ范围内的不同温度区间进行了加热和冷却循环试验，得到了一些很有意义的信息。用正电子湮灭方法研究了Ｆｅ－３０ＭＤ－６Ｓｉ，Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金时效和非时效样品拉伸预应变量对合金中缺陷量，缺陷密度，γ→ε相变量等的影响。     

形变对Fe—30Mn—6Si基合金形状记忆效应的影响及其机理研究

本文用膨胀法比较了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ合金在拉伸应变下纵向（沿拉伸方向）和横向（垂直拉伸方向）恢复率的不同；研究了预应变对纵向恢复量，恢复率以及Ａｓ，Ａｆ的影响；还用一个大应变量下的样品在Ａｓ和Ａｆ范围内的不同区间进行了加热和冷却循环试验，得到了一些很有意义的信息。用正电子湮灭方法研究了Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ，Ｆ３－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金时效和非时效样品位伸预应变量对合金中的缺陷量，缺陷密     

FeMnSi形状记忆合金成形加工性分析

ＦｅＭｎＳｉ系形状记忆合金由于层错能低难以实现交滑移,因此,其成形加工性很差,成材率低,这是阻碍ＦｅＭｎＳｉ系形状记忆合金实现产业化的关键问题之一。本文通过测试Ｆｅ－１７Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－１０Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ形状记忆全金不同温度、不同应变速率和变温下的应力应变曲线,分析了合金的成形加工性。结果表明,升高温度并控制应变速率可显著改善合金的成形加工性;在实际生产中,合金可在９５０￣７００℃之间进行变温成形加工     

Fe—Mn和Fe—Mn—Si粉末混合物的机械合金化

对Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ成分的粉末混合物进行了机械球磨，并对不同时间的球磨样品进行了Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和Ｍｏ¨ｓｂａｕｅｒ谱测量。结果表明，球磨使得Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ在原子尺度上发生了混合，形成了顺磁性、面心立方结构的Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ或Ｆｅ－２４Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ纳米晶合金，这是Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ或Ｓｉ原子由颗粒表面到体内扩散的结果。球磨６７ｈ以后结构未发生变化，表明形成的是一种热力学亚稳结构，这个结果与Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ和Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金在室温下的相图结构明显不同。     

Ion-Pair Extraction of Metalloporphyrins into Acetonitrile for Determination of Copper(II)

Equilibrium study of ion-pair extraction of a cationic water-soluble porphyrin [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, H(2)tmpyp(4+)] and its metalloporphyrins (MP) into the acetonitrile layer, separated by addition of sodium chloride (4.00 mol dm(-)(3)) to a 1:1 (v/v) acetonitrile-water mixed solvent, was carried out to develop a new and useful method for the determination of a subnanogram amount of copper(II). M denotes Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(3+), Fe(3+), and Mn(3+), and P(2)(-) is porphyrinate ion. The extraction and dissociation constants of the ion-pair complexes, defined by K(ex) = [MP(ClO(4))(4)](org)[MP(4+)](aq)(-)(1)[ClO(4)(-)](aq)(-)(4), K(dis,1) = [MP(ClO(4))(3)(+)](org)[ClO(4)(-)](org)[MP(ClO(4))(4)](org)(-)(1), and K(dis,2) = [MP(ClO(4))(2)(2+)](org)[ClO(4)(-)](org)[MP(ClO(4))(3)(+)](org)(-)(1), were determined by taking into account the partition constant of sodium perchlorate (K(D) = 1.82 ± 0.01). The equilibrium constants were found to be K(ex)K(dis,1) = (7.2 ± 1.3) × 10(4), (6.4 ± 0.9) × 10(4), (1.35 ± 0.13) × 10(5), (4.8 ± 0.6) × 10(3), (1.23 ± 0.05) × 10(4), and (1.42 ± 0.07) × 10(3) at 25 °C for the free base porphyrin (H(2)tmpyp(4+)) and the metalloporphyrins of zinc(II), copper(II), cobalt(III), iron(III), and manganese(III), respectively. The K(dis,2) values were (2.9 ± 1.4) × 10(-)(2), (3.1 ± 1.1) × 10(-)(2), (8.0 ± 4.9) × 10(-)(3), and (5.1 ± 2.2) × 10(-)(2) for the free base porphyrins and the metalloporphyrins of zinc(II), copper(II), and cobalt(III), respectively. The results were developed for determination of a trace amount of copper(II) (3 × 10(-)(8)-4 × 10(-)(6) mol dm(-)(3)) in natural water samples using H(2)tmpyp(4+) with a molar absorptivity of 3.1 × 10(5) mol(-)(1) dm(3) cm(-)(1) at a precision of 1.3% (RSD). The determination of copper(II) was not interfered by the presence of 10(-)(4) mol dm(-)(3) of Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Hg(2+), Cd(2+), Ag(+), Cr(3+), V(5+), Al(3+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Br(-), I(-), SCN(-), and S(2)O(3)(2)(-) and 10(-)(5) mol dm(-)(3) of Fe(3+), Zn(2+), and Pd(2+).     

Comparative studies on the solvent extraction of transition metal cations by calixarene, phenol and ester derivatives

The ionophore solvent extraction of various alkali metal and transition metal cations from the aqueous phase to the organic phase was carried out by using diazo-coupling calix[n]arenes [p-(4-phenylazophenylazo)calix[4]arene (L1) and p-phenylazocalix[6]arene (L2)], phenol derivatives [2,6-dimethyl-3-phenylazophenol (L3), 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino phenol (L4), 2-chloro-4-nitro(phenylazo)-5-sec-butyl-2-phenol (L5) and 2-chloro-4-nitro(phenylazo)-5-tert-butyl-2-phenol (L6)], and ester derivatives [quinoline-8-benzoate (L7), phenyl-1,4-dibenzoate (L8), p-tolyltiobenzoate (L9)]. It was found that, all the compounds (L1-L9) examined showed selectivity for transition metal cations such as Ag+, Hg+ Hg2+, and poor efficiency for alkali metal cations (Na+ and K+). The best extraction efficiency was obtained with L1 and L4.     

Ionizable (Thia)calix[4]crowns as highly selective 226Ra2+ ionophores

The 226Ra2+ selectivity of the ionizable (thia)calix[4]crowns 1-4 was determined in the presence of a large excess of the most common alkali and alkaline earth cations. Selective 226Ra2+ (2.9 x 10(-)(8) M) extraction occurs even at extremely high M(n+)/226Ra2+ ratios of 3.5 x 10(7) [M(n+) = Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ (1M)] and an ionophore concentration of 10(-4) M. The selectivity coefficients log(K(Ra)(ex)/K(M)(ex)) are approximately 3.5 for Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+. In the presence of Ba2+, which has very similar chemical properties, only the thiacalix[4]crown-6 derivative 4 showed a selectivity for 226Ra2+. In addition to the remarkable 226Ra2+ selectivities, the effective pH range (pH 8-13) of the thiacalix[4]crown dicarboxylic acids (3 and 4) allows for full regeneration of the ionophores at lower pH values (pH <6).     

Sorption potential of Moringa oleifera pods for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions

Moringa oleifera pods Lamarck (Drumstick or Horseradish) is a multipurpose medium or small size tree from sub-Himalayan regions of north-west India and indigenous to many parts of Asia, Africa, South America, and in the Pacific and Caribbean Islands. Its pods (MOP) have been employed as an inexpensive and effective sorbent for the removal of organics, i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and cumene (BTEC) from aqueous solutions using HPLC method. Effect of different parameters, i.e., sorbent dose 0.05-0.8g, 25cm(-3) agitation time 5-120min, pH 1-10, temperature 283-308K and concentration of sorbate (1.3-13)x10(-3), (1.1-11)x10(-3), (0.9-9)x10(-3), (0.8-8)x10(-3)moldm(-3), on the sorption potential of MOP for BTEC have been investigated. The pore area and average pore diameter of the MOP by BET method using nitrogen as a standard are calculated to be 28.06+/-0.8m(2)g(-1) and 86.2+/-1.3nm respectively. Freundlich, Langumir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) sorption isotherms were employed to evaluate the sorption capacity of MOP. Sorption capacities of BTEC onto MOP have been found to be 46+/-10, 84+/-9, 101+/-4, 106+/-32mmolg(-1) by Freundlich, 8+/-0.1, 9+/-0.1, 10+/-0.3, 9+/-0.1mmolg(-1) by Langumir and 15+/-1, 21+/-1, 23+/-2, 22+/-3mmolg(-1) by D-R isotherms respectively, from BTEC solutions at 303K. While the mean energy of sorption process 9.6+/-0.3, 9.2+/-0.2, 9.3+/-0.3, 9.5+/-0.4kJmol(-1) for BTEC is calculated by D-R isotherm only. Rate constant of BTEC onto MOP 0.033+/-0.003, 0.030+/-0.002, 0.029+/-0.002, 0.027+/-0.002min(-1) at solution concentration of 1.3x10(-3), 1.1x10(-3), 0.9x10(-3) and 0.8x10(-3)moldm(-3) and at 303K have been calculated by employing Lagergren equation. Thermodynamic parameters DeltaH -8+/-0.4, -10+/-0.6, -11+/-0.7, -11+/-0.7kJmol(-1), DeltaS -22+/-2, -26+/-2, -27+/-2, -29+/-3Jmol(-1)K(-1) and DeltaG(303K) -0.9+/-0.2, -1.9+/-0.2, -2.3+/-0.1 and -2.6+/-0.2kJmol(-1) were also estimated for BTEC respectively at temperatures 283-308K. The negative values of DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG suggest exothermic, stable (with no structural changes at solid-liquid interface) and spontaneous nature of sorption process under optimized conditions. MOP has been used extensively to accrue and then to preconcentrate benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene in wastewater sample.     

Thermoluminescence of terbium sensitised by samarium in CaF2

Thermoluminescence (TL) in sintered CaF2 doped with Tb4O7 has been studied for UV and X-ray irradiation. Three TL glow peaks for the Tb4O7 doped sample appeared in the temperature regions of about (1) 347-353 K, (2) 378-383 K and (3) 453-458 K, when heated at a rate of 20 K min(-1) after UV or X-ray irradiation at room temperature. It has been found that the 378 K peak intensity of the samples co-doped with Tb4O7 and Sm2O3 became stronger when compared with those doped with only terbium or samarium ions, and the TL peaks of (1) 347-353 K and (3) 453-458 K were not observed. The intensity of the 378 K peak of the co-doped sample was 12.9 times that of the sample doped only with Tb4O7. From the TL spectra and the excitation and emission spectra of photoluminescence for the CaF2 doped activators, it is concluded that the TL of Tb3+ ions is sensitised by the existence of Sm3+ ions. The 378 K TL peak may also be suitable for UV radiation dosimetry.     

Pr3+摩尔浓度对CaTiO3:Pr3+红色长余辉材料的影响

制备了不同Pr^3 摩尔浓度下的CaTiOs：Pr^3 红色长余辉材料，测量了磷光体的的初始亮度、余辉曲线、激发光谱和发射光谱、热释光曲线。研究发现CaTiO3：Pr^3 合适的Pr^3 摩尔浓度为0．1％—0．2％，在该摩尔浓度下，材料具有较好初始亮度和余辉时间。     

电流密度对水热电化学沉积HA涂层性能的影响

在含0.15mol/L HF,2mol/L H_3PO_4的水溶液中对Ti6Al4V基体进行阳极氧化处理,然后在0.02mol/L CaCl_2,0.012mol/L K_2HPO_4·3H_2O,0.139mol/L NaCl的电解液中采用水热电化学沉积方法在预处理的Ti_6Al_4V基体表面制备羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、台阶仪和万能材料试验机等研究沉积过程中电流密度大小对HA涂层物相、微观形貌、厚度、生物活性及结合强度的影响。结果表明:采用水热电化学沉积方法在不同电流密度下均制备出了HA涂层,涂层表现为分层生长,部分晶体呈花簇状。HA的厚度随电流密度的增加先增大后减小,在1.25mA/cm~2时达到最大为26.4μm,此时涂层最为致密,与基体的结合强度最高,约为20.0MPa。模拟体液(SBF)浸泡实验能较快诱导类骨磷灰石(CHA)的生成,最大直径达到7~8μm,表明涂层具有较好的生物活性。     

升温速率对7B04铝合金板材晶粒组织和超塑性的影响

采用形变热处理法制备7B04铝合金细晶板材,利用EBSD和高温拉伸等实验方法研究退火过程中升温速率对板材晶粒组织和超塑性的影响。结果表明:升温速率为5.0×10~(-3)K/s时,退火后板材的轧向和法向的平均晶粒尺寸分别为28.2μm和13.9μm,形核效率为1/1000。随着升温速率的提高,合金平均晶粒尺寸不断减小,形核效率不断提升。当升温速率提高至30.0K/s时,其轧向和法向的平均晶粒尺寸分别降低至9.9μm和5.1μm,形核效率提升至1/80。此外,板材的伸长率也随着升温速率的提高而增大,在773K/8×10~(-4)s~(-1)的变形条件下,试样的伸长率从100%提高至730%。     

镱离子敏化与温度对铒离子掺杂碲酸盐玻璃上转换光谱的影响

用熔融-淬冷法制备了玻璃样品系列75TeO₂-20ZnO-(4.6-x)La₂O₃-0.4Er₂O_3-xYb₂O₃ (x=0, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, 3.2, 4.0), 研究了镱离子的掺入及温度的变化对该玻璃系统上转化光谱的影响, 结果表明: 在常温下, 当Yb³⁺离子浓度达到2mol%时, 上转换红光和545nm绿光都达到了最大值, 此时545nm绿光强度是未掺Yb³⁺时的6倍左右, 红光强度为未掺Yb³⁺时的4倍左右; 当温度在8～300K变化时, 530nm绿光强度随着温度的升高而增大, 545nm绿光与657nm红光强度随着温度的升高首先增大, 在80K达到最大值, 然后随着温度的升高而下降. 通过速率方程, 分析了镱离子的敏化及温度对该玻璃系统上转换光谱的影响.