羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备及微波吸收性能

采用热压法制备了羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料。复合材料的结构、形貌和电磁性能分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和HP8510网络分析仪进行了研究。结果表明,随着羰基铁粉含量的增加,羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料的复介电常数的实部ε′和虚部ε″、复磁导率的实部μ′和虚部μ″都呈现逐渐增大的趋势。羰基铁粉含量为75%(质量分数)的羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料具有最好的电磁波吸收性能,其最小反射率在14GHz为-15dB,-10dB带宽达4.1GHz。     

羰基铁/环氧有机硅树脂涂层的吸波性能和力学性能研究

采用羰基铁为吸收荆、环氧改性有机硅树脂为基体,制备了羰基铁/树脂基涂层,研究了羰基铁用量对吸波涂层的电磁和力学性能的影响.结果表明,羰基铁经过润湿分散剂处理后,粉体与树脂间的相容性得到改善,从而提高了界面结合力,因此吸波涂层整体的力学性能得到了提高.当羰基铁含量为70%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的附着力为22.16MPa,冲击强度大于或等于50kg·cm.采用同轴法测试了涂层材料在2～18GHz频段内的电磁参数,并对羰基铁/环氧有机硅树脂基涂层的反射系数进行了测试,结果表明,吸波涂层的最大吸收峰随吸收剂含量的增加向低频移动.涂层厚度为2mm时,羰基铁含量为65%,涂层的最大反射率在5.12GHz时达到-32.25dB;羰基铁含量为75%,在频率为3.53GHz时材料的反射率达到最大值-36.02dB.     

羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚苯胺复合吸波剂的制备与性能

以苯胺(ANI)、羰基铁粉(CIP)和甲基丙烯酸甲脂(MMA)等为原料,采用化学氧化法和原位复合技术制备了掺杂态聚苯胺(PANI)、羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(CIP/PMMA)和羰基铁粉/聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂/聚苯胺(CIP/PMMA/PANI)吸波剂,用XRD、SEM、TEM表征了吸波剂的结构与形貌,通过矢量网络分析仪测定吸波剂的电磁参数表明CIP/PMMA/PANI复合吸波剂既有电损耗又有磁损耗。在2～18 GHz频段内,材料厚度为1.0 mm时,计算出其最小反射率达-11.26 dB,反射率小于-10 dB的带宽为9.2 GHz、小于-8 dB的带宽达14 GHz,计算结果表明该复合吸波剂具有良好的宽频吸波性能。      

隔离器负载用微波吸收材料的性能研究

以羰基铁粉、磷化羰基铁粉、硅烷改性羰基铁粉、铁镍合金粉为吸收剂;以环氧树脂为基体制备复合微波吸收材料。对制备的各种复合材料的体电阻率、击穿强度、磁损耗、吸收损耗进行了测试,并进行了对比分析,研究了不同频段下各因素对吸波性能的影响。结果表明,由磷化和硅烷改性羰基铁粉制备的吸收体的电阻率得到较大程度的提高,达到5.62×10~6Ω·cm以上,在高频段(10～18GHz)的吸收损耗为3.7～7.0dB/mm,击穿强度达700V/mm以上,电阻率的提高使吸波体具有良好的高频特性。片状铁镍合金粉和磷化羰基铁粉复合共掺制备的吸收体在低频段(2～7GHz)具有良好的磁损耗能力,吸收损耗为0.9～4.2dB/mm。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维/锂锌铁氧体复合吸波材料的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂锌铁氧体(Li_0.435Zn_0.195Fe_2.37O₄,LZFO),界面聚合法制备纯聚苯胺(PANI)和PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。通过SEM、XRD、FTIR和矢量网络分析(PNA)等对材料的物相、结构和吸波性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:制备出的样品分别为PANI、LZFO和不同配比的PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。在2~18 GHz范围内,PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料的电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段有2个,吸波性能较纯PANI和LZFO有了很大提高,并且拓宽了吸波频带,当PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料中PANI纳米纤维的质量分数为10%,其综合吸波性能最佳,电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段分别为2.5~5.5 GHz波段和14.5~16.5 GHz波段,最大吸收峰可达到-33.8 dB。而PANI和LZFO在电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段只有1个。因此通过PANI纳米纤维接枝铁氧体,可调节电磁参数,提高材料的吸波性能。      

碳纤维/羰基铁粉复合涂层吸波效果及机理分析

在碳纤维表面化学镀镍,再将其与羰基铁粉混合制备成吸波涂层,对其吸波性能进行了测试.结果表明:在2～18 GHz内,碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层,最大吸收峰在5.92 GHz,此时反射率为-8.89 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为9.50 GHz;单层羰基铁粉涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰为7.94 GHz,对应的反射率为-10.36 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为6.90 GHz;碳纤维与羰基铁粉混合后,涂层反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽增大,有利于吸收雷达波.最后,对碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层的吸波机理进行了初步分析.     

平面各向异性羰基铁/树脂复合吸波材料的设计

制备了平面各向异性羰基铁并研究了平面各向异性羰基铁/树脂复合材料的介电常数与磁导率的频谱特性,发现其具有较好的高频磁性,随着平面各向异性羰基铁体积百分含量的增大,复合材料的介电常数和磁导率均增大,介电常数的增加速率快于磁导率的增加速率。依据平面各向异性羰基铁/树脂复合材料的电磁频谱特性,通过阻抗匹配设计方法,优化设计了单层和双层平面各向异性羰基铁吸波复合材料,其中当第1层厚度为0.6mm,第2层厚度为1.7mm时,材料在-10dB以下的频带宽度达到10GHz,最小反射损耗值为-25.4dB。     

碳纳米管/平面各向异性羰基铁复合材料的液相共混法制备及其电磁性能

采用机械球磨法制备了平面各向异性羰基铁（Planar Anisotropic Carbonyl Iron,PACI）,然后通过液相共混法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）/PACI复合材料。采用同轴法测定CNTs/PACI复合材料在2~18 GHz频段内的复介电常数和复磁导率,研究了CNTs掺杂量对复合材料电磁性能的影响。结果表明：CNTs/PACI复合材料相对于PACI具有更高的复介电常数和衰减常数,随着CNTs质量分数的提高,复合材料的复介电常数和衰减常数逐渐增大,特征阻抗则逐渐减小。CNTs掺杂能够有效提高CNTs/PACI复合材料的吸波性能,通过调整厚度和CNTs掺杂量可以对复合材料的吸波性能进行有效调控。厚度为1.2 mm、CNTs质量分数为2wt%和厚度为1.6 mm、CNTs质量分数为0.5wt%的CNTs/PACI复合材料在Ku波段（12~18 GHz）的反射率均小于-10 dB;厚度为2.0 mm、CNTs质量分数为0.5wt%和1wt%的复合材料反射率小于-10 dB的频带宽分别为5.28 GHz（8.24~13.52 GHz）和5.04 GHz（7.52~12.56 GHz）,覆盖整个X波段（8~12 GHz）。     

羰基铁和FeSiAl共混制备宽频吸波材料

为提高材料在低频段(1～4GHz)下的吸波性能和拓宽吸波频带,选择羰基铁和FeSiAl颗粒作为吸收剂、石蜡作为粘结剂制作吸波材料,采用矢量网络分析仪测试材料的电磁参数,并在给定厚度(0.5和1mm)下分析吸波材料的吸波性能。随着质量添加比的增加,两类材料的介电常数和磁导率均升高,添加比相同下含FeSiAl颗粒吸波材料在1mm厚时具有优异的低频吸波性能(-8.6～-1.2dB),而高频段(14～18GHz)时不及羰基铁(-16.0～-10.1dB);两类颗粒共混后,通过改变FeSiAl颗粒的含量能获得具有良好低频吸收性能(-4.5～-1.1dB)和宽频带(<-4dB频带为3.8～18GHz)的吸波材料。该结果对于通过混合其它优良低频和高频吸波材料以获取宽频带的吸波材料具有指导意义。     

羰基铁粉改性环氧树脂/乙基纤维素微胶囊的吸波性能

以羰基铁粉为吸波剂用溶剂蒸发法制备出环氧树脂/乙基纤维素微胶囊,使用矢量网络分析仪、激光粒度分析仪、ESEM-EDS和FTIR分别表征了微胶囊的吸波性能、粒径分布、颗粒特性以及化学结构。结果表明：羰基铁粉嵌入乙基纤维素中物理结合成微胶囊壁材,羰基铁粉提高了微胶囊的吸波性能。羰基铁粉的粒径越小与电磁波相互作用的面积越大,微胶囊的吸波性能越好。频率为18 GHz时,未掺羰基铁粉的微胶囊电磁波反射损失为-1.63 dB,而掺入粒径为3 μm和0.5 μm羰基铁粉(掺量50%)的微胶囊电磁波反射损失分别为-5.08 dB和-5.44 dB,分别降低了3.45 dB和3.81 dB。掺入粒径为0.5 μm羰基铁粉的微胶囊不团聚,其微观形貌更好。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.