炭纤维表面化学结构对其增强环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法对炭纤维的表面进行处理,通过改变氧化程度制备具有不同表面化学结构的炭纤维,并将其作为增强体再制备成复合材料。研究了炭纤维表面化学结构对其增强环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,阳极氧化处理后炭纤维表面活性大幅提高,O,N元素含量分别由处理前的3.10%,1.12%提高到处理后的13.07%,5.96%;当电流密度低于15A/m2时,O/C,N/C值越高越有利于炭纤维表面与环氧树脂基体之间的界面黏合;在含氧官能团中,-COOH是决定炭纤维/环氧树脂基体间化学键合强度高低的关键因素。     

阳极氧化对炭纤维电镀镍的影响

采用阳极氧化法对炭纤维进行连续表面改性,并在其表面进行电镀镍处理,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析和酸碱滴定等方法研究了炭纤维阳极氧化前后的物理化学结构及对炭纤维电镀镍镀层的影响。结果表明:经过阳极氧化处理后,炭纤维表面的总酸性官能团提高约10倍;炭纤维拉伸强度降低先慢后快;阳极氧化可以改善镀层的生长过程,使镍镀层的生长由(V-W)模式转变为(F-M)模式,并且促使镀层晶粒细晶化,N i晶粒尺寸由14.5nm降为11.2nm,提高了镀镍炭纤维的抗氧化性以及镀层与炭纤维的结合力,阳极氧化后镀镍的炭纤维初始氧化温度较镀镍炭纤维提高了50℃。     

氧化石墨烯/炭纤维复合增强体的制备及对环氧树脂复合材料界面性能影响

为了改善炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,以对硝基苯胺为原料,通过两步重氮化还原反应,在炭纤维表面共价接枝氧化石墨烯,制备出氧化石墨烯/炭纤维(GO/CF)复合增强体。研究了反应机理,并对改性前后炭纤维表面的化学结构、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、单丝拉伸强度和炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明,接枝GO后,炭纤维表面粗糙度增加了188%,单丝拉伸强度提高了13. 2%,断裂伸长率增加12. 1%,界面黏结强度提高了80. 2%。     

Si—B掺杂沥青基炭纤维的制备及其抗氧化性能

为了提高炭纤维的高温抗氧化性能,提出了一种制备Si—B掺杂沥青基炭纤维的方法。通过聚硼硅氮烷(PSNB)和石油沥青低温共裂解合成了Si—B掺杂沥青,Si—B掺杂沥青经熔融纺丝、原丝预氧化和炭化得到Si—B掺杂沥青基炭纤维。研究了Si—B掺杂沥青及其炭纤维的组成、微观结构和低温抗氧化性能。结果表明,随原料沥青中PSNB掺杂比例的提高,Si—B掺杂炭纤维的拉伸强度和杨氏模量逐渐降低,抗氧化性能逐渐增强。1 400℃炭化得到的Si—B掺杂炭纤维在600℃氧化240 min失重率为25%,650℃氧化140 min失重率为60%。未掺杂炭纤维在相同条件下的氧化失重率分别为46%和99%。Si—B掺杂炭纤维氧化形成的B_2O_3具有较好的流动性,可以在纤维表面形成连续的玻璃膜,有效地抑制基体炭的氧化。     

表面氧化处理对炭纤维及炭／炭复合材料力学性能的影响

采用硝酸表面氧化法，对炭纤维进行表面氧化处理，考察了不同的氧化处理时间、温度和浓度对炭纤维及其炭纤维增强复合材料力学性能的影响，提出适宜的表面氧化处理条件是低温（室温）、浓酸（５０％～６５％），短时间（１５ｍｉｎ～６０ｍｉｎ）。     

炭纤维表面性质及上浆剂对炭纤维聚碳酸酯复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对比未处理炭纤维、氧化炭纤维、商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维和实验室用聚氨酯及环氧树脂自上浆炭纤维的表面性质和其增强聚碳酸酯层间剪切强度,研究炭纤维表面性质与上浆剂对界面结构与性能的影响。结果表明,未处理炭纤维表面官能团与树脂的浸润性最小,层剪值最低为38.1 MPa。氧化纤维表面官能团增加,浸润性提高,层剪值提高到50.6 MPa。商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维表面官能团与树脂浸润性相比氧化纤维明显提高,层剪值相当,为50.8 MPa。说明浸润性是强界面产生前提,但不是充分条件。自上环氧浆炭纤维复合材料的层剪值相比商业炭纤维更低,约为31.7～39.5 MPa,而聚氨酯上浆炭纤维表面官能团与浸润性跟商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维相当,但层剪值提升18.9%,为60.4 MPa。说明界面结合强度提高的原因更依赖于氨酯键与炭纤维表面及聚碳酸酯树脂基体均能产生强的化学作用。     

空气氧化处理对三维编织炭复合材料性能的影响

利用真空浸渍法制得三维编织炭纤维增强环氧复合材料,研究了空气氧化处理前后炭纤维表面状态的变化以及表面处理对三维编织复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:空气氧化处理使炭纤维的比表面积和表面粗糙度发生了变化,随着氧化温度和氧化时间的增加,炭纤维的比表面积有不同程度的增加;但同时伴随着炭纤维强度的下降。经450℃-1h空气氧化处理后,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和剪切强度分别提高了149%,91%和29%,但冲击强度下降了23%。     

乙烯催化裂解法选择性合成纳米炭纤维

通过采用不同金属催化剂进行乙烯催化裂解制备了具有不同微观结构的纳米炭纤维。利用纳米二氧化硅负载的铁、镍以及铁镍合金催化剂在适当的反应条件下分别制备了管状、实心鱼骨状以及空心鱼骨状的纳米炭纤维。由于金属催化剂与纳米二氧化硅间的强相互作用导致在低反应温度下也能达到高的反应活性，所以能够合成出高收率、小直径而且分布均匀的纳米炭纤维。不同结构的纳米炭纤维归因于金属催化剂的不同分散性以及不同的生长机理。通常利用铁催化剂进行乙烯裂解制备纳米炭纤维需要高于650℃，但是在我们的实验中发现500℃低温下利用纳米二氧化硅负载的铁催化剂进行乙烯裂解就能够合成出管状纳米炭纤维。     

阳极氧化对PAN基高模碳纤维表面的影响

采用阳极氧化法对PAN基高模碳纤维进行在线表面处理,重点研究了氧化电流密度对炭纤维表面形貌、比表面积、表面官能团的影响.结果表明,电流密度时纤维形貌、比表面积影响不大;氧化后纤维表面官能团显著提高.根据实验结果,提出了PAN基高模炭纤维的氧化模型.     

电化学氧化对炭纤维界面性质的影响

对粘胶基炭纤维进行电化学氧化表面处理，对表面处理前后的炭纤维进行强力测试，分析表面处理条件对炭纤维强度的影响，通过测定炭纤维与几种浸润液的接触角，分析了电化学氧化表面处理对炭纤维浸润特性的影响，在电镜下观察表面处理前后炭纤维表面形貌的变化，并测其比表面积的变化，分析处理条件对其表面粗糙度的影响，通过炭纤维的拉曼散射，分析表面处理前后炭纤维表面微晶大小的变化，最后，对处理前后炭纤维的相关性能指标进行比较，分析其性能变化的机理及其性能变化对炭纤维复合材料界面粘结性能的影响。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.