无机膜分离技术在食品,发酵行业中的应用

对国内外无机分离膜在饮用水生产、果蔬加工、酒类澄清、发酵液的分离与纯化等领域的应用进行综述，指出无机膜在食品，发酵行业中的应用前景，以希望无机膜这一高新技术在国内尽早实现工业化应用。     

陶瓷膜处理肌苷发酵液的研究

以陶瓷微滤膜过滤肌苷发酵液，考察了操作参数对膜通量的影响，结果表明，在pH为3．5，温度70℃，压差0．1MPa，错流速度为3．25m／s条件下操作，有利于提高膜通量；分析了膜的污染行为，在此基础上，获得了有效的膜清洗方法为：以质量分数为1％NaOH和0．2％NaClO混合溶液清洗膜40min后，再以0．5％的HNO3溶液清洗5min，膜通量可迅速恢复．研究表明，采用陶瓷微滤技术来处理肌苷发酵液是完全可行的．     

青霉素发酵液超滤处理的膜材料

提出了处理具体发酵液所用膜材料的选择方法、流程、设备，并对青霉素发酵滤液进行处理、结果表明，膜技术用于青霉素发酵液后处理过程时选择合适的膜材料，不会对青霉素造成吸附和破坏。实验中选用的超滤膜用于青霉素发酵滤液的处理是合适的，膜不会溶胀、变性，能长期使用。     

青霉素发酵液平板膜超滤的操作条件研究

选定了超滤处理青霉素发酵液的流程．通过实验确定了平板膜实验装置超滤过程的操作条件，包括搅拌转速、操作压力、流量比等．测定了膜通量随操作时间和滤液体积的变化情况．     

金属氢化物技术回收与纯化氢的工业化试验及其工业应用

本文论述了以ＣＨ型金属氢化物复合材料为填料的氢气回收与纯化原理，工艺流程，工艺参数，该装置融合氢的分离，精制，贮存，压缩等多种功能于一体，可将含氢混合气中Ｈ２的纯度提高到９９．９９％以上，甚至可达９９．９９９９％，装置的工艺过程为全自动化控制，目前该技术已率先实现工业化应用，本文还表述了ＣＨ型材料的各项物性和吸，脱氢速率等。     

论双水相系统在抗生素提取和合成过程之中的应用研究

生物合成药物的分离纯化，目的在于从发酵液或培养液中分离纯化具有一定纯度、符合药典或其他法定标准规定的各种药物，又称发酵液的后处理或下游加工过程，这是个非常繁复的过程。本文主要以抗生素的生物合成过程为例，着重阐述了抗生素在双水相系统中的提取与合成过程，旨在为抗生素的生产合成提供一定的借鉴与技术参考。     

动态膜过滤对黄原胶浓缩的应用研究

以高黏且具有触变性的黄原胶发酵液为实验物料，研究了旋叶动态膜分离脱水浓缩过程中黄原胶浓度、叶轮转速、操作温度和压力对膜通量的影响．通过对物料黏度和过滤阻力的试验研究与分析，得出了膜通量的计算模型．实验表明：在高黏度且具有触变性物系的膜操作中，提高流体剪切强度至关重要．     

青霉素发酵液超滤用膜的切割相对分子质量

提出表示发酵液超滤效果的定量评价方法．使用不同切割相对分子质量的超滤膜，在小滤器上处理青霉素发酵液，分别利用吸光度法、蛋白质含量法、溶媒萃取法和高效液相色谱法对比超滤液质量，得到了青霉素发酵液超滤处理用膜的适宜切割相对分子质量和膜型号、     

液膜分离技术进展

简要回顾了液膜分离过程的发展史，分析了乳化液膜和支撑液膜的特点及其存在的问题。介绍了近年来各国学者在改进液膜稳定性方面所作的努力，并展望了液膜工业化的前景．     

青霉素发酵液超滤效果的实验研究

介绍了用平板膜超滤处理青霉素发酵滤液的实验流程和实验装置．用吸光度法测定了青霉素发酵液超滤后杂质的截留效果，用考马斯亮蓝法检测了蛋白质的截留效果．超滤过程收率平均在95％以上。     

反胶团萃取嗜热芽孢杆菌HS08发酵液中胞外蛋白酶研究

讨论了影响AOT/异辛烷反胶团体系萃取嗜热芽孢杆菌HS08发酵液中耐高温中性蛋白酶的因素.实验结果表明,AOT/异辛烷反胶团在很短的时间内能达到萃取平衡,100 mmol.L-1NaCl的离子强度有助于蛋白酶的反胶团萃取.在50 mmol.L-1AOT、pH4.5、100 mmol.L-1NaCl、油水相体积比为1的条件下萃取5 min能达到80%以上的酶活力回收率.     

细胞对硅橡胶复合膜渗透蒸发分离性能的影响

利用自制的硅橡胶复合膜对乙醇-水模型溶液、含有干酵母的乙醇-水模型溶液、以及实际发酵液进行渗透蒸发分离乙醇实验,研究了细胞对膜性能的影响、结果表明：与纯乙醇模型溶液的分离相比,膜对含有干酵母的乙醇-水模型溶液、真实发酵液的分离表现出更好的性能,显示细胞的存在和活动对膜传质有一定的促进作用．连续发酵过程中,在一定的细胞浓度下（10g／L）,硅橡胶膜维持了长期稳定的分离性能;产品乙醇的有效分离降低了其对酵母细胞的抑制作用,使沉积在膜面上的细胞层促进了膜的分离性能;但提高细胞浓度（15g／L）后却因更厚的细胞层的堆积造成膜面传递状况劣化,使膜性能下降．因此发酵液中的细胞浓度、膜面上的细胞沉积以及膜性能之间存在一种最佳的相互促进和搭配关系．     

Antioxidant Properties of Selected Plant Extracts and Application in Packaging as Antioxidant Cellulose‐Based Films for Vegetable Oil

Selected plant extracts including cinnamon, clove, ginger, green tea and thyme were investigated for their antioxidant activity by using both β‐carotene‐linoleate bleaching agar well diffusion and β‐carotene‐linoleate bleaching broth assays, and for radical scavenging activity against free radicals using a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay. Undiluted plant extracts (except ginger oil) showed a yellow zone of β‐carotene ranging from 15.3 to 38.2 mm in diameter. At a concentration of 50 μL mL^‐1, thyme yielded the highest antioxidant activity (260%), followed by ginger (254%), cinnamon (108%), clove (106%) and green tea (101%), respectively. Conversely, at a plant extract concentration of 0.39 μL mL^‐1 solution in ethanol, green tea yielded the highest radical scavenging activity (94.3%), followed by clove (93.4%), cinnamon (91.1%), thyme (30.4%) and ginger (8.29%), respectively. The minimum oxidative bleaching inhibitory concentrations (MOBICs) of these plant extracts were determined using a β‐carotene‐linoleate bleaching broth dilution assay ranging from 0.195 to 50 μL mL^‐1. The MOBICs of plant extracts in a range of 0.195–1.56 μL mL^‐1 could reveal an ability to inhibit the oxidation of β‐carotene‐linoleate broth. Cellulose‐based film containing cinnamon, clove or green tea showed positive activity against β‐carotene‐linoleate oxidation and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals. Protective effects of plant extracts incorporated in cellulose‐based pouches in stabilizing soybean oil were tested by measuring their peroxide values and free fatty acid contents during accelerated storage. Green tea‐incorporated cellulose‐based pouches exhibited stronger antioxidant properties in soybean oil than do butylated hydroxyanisole‐incorporated cellulose‐based pouches. This study showed the potential use of plant extracts as antioxidants for food packaging application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biological decolourization of C.I. Direct Black 38 by E. gallinarum

In the present study, an Enterococcus gallinarum strain was isolated from effluent treatment plant of a textile industry based on its ability to decolourize C.I. Direct Black 38 (DB38), a benzidine-based azo dye. Effects of dye concentration and medium composition on dye decolourization were studied. The strain was found to decolourize DB38 even under aerobic conditions. Kinetics of DB38 decolourization was also examined, and V(max) and K(s) of decolourization were found to be higher in Luria broth (12.8 mg l(-1)h(-1) and 490.6 mg l(-1)) than in minimal medium (4.09 mg l(-1)h(-1) and 161.84 mg l(-1)). However, decolourization rate/biomass was found to be higher in minimal medium than in Luria broth, indicating greater decolourization efficiency of biomass in the former. The study also revealed biodegradation of DB38 to benzidine and its further deamination to 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) by the culture. Ammonia released during this process was used as nitrogen source for growth of the culture.     

金属膜在1,3-丙二醇发酵液预处理中的应用

考察了1,3-丙二醇发酵液金属膜过滤在不同浓缩比下的拟稳定通量、黏度及湿固含量变化,在此基础上初步探讨了膜的污染机理,提出了有效的膜清洗方法.结果表明:50 nm的膜适用于1,3-丙二醇发酵液的膜过滤,按料液体积35%,加入去离子水、浓缩倍率在9左右时回收率达到95%.膜污染的主要来源是蛋白,有效的化学清洗方法是:用质量分数为1%NaOH和0.05%EDTA混合溶液清洗膜30 min后,再以0.5%HNO3溶液清洗5 min,膜通量可迅速恢复.     

RRLC测定发酵液中达托霉素的含量

建立可快速准确测定玫瑰孢链霉菌发酵液中达托霉素含量的RRLC方法。采用高分离度快速液相色谱(RRLC)Agilent 1200 series,色谱柱:Aglient XDB C18,1.8u,4.6*50mm。流动相:0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液:乙腈=64:36,检测波长为214 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:达托霉素浓度范围在25～500ug/ml线性良好,相关系数为0.9989;测得发酵液样品的平均回收率为101.7%,RSD为0.63%。结论:方法准确可靠,可以用于达托霉素发酵过程的含量测定。     

纳滤选择性分离丁二酸模拟发酵液

生物法制备的丁二酸发酵液中含有残留的底物(葡萄糖)、甲酸、乙酸及二价无机离子(Mg2+、SO42-)等杂质,不利于分离纯化.采用截留相对分子质量为160的纳滤膜LNG-NF-016对丁二酸模拟发酵液进行分离,考察了pH、操作压力、MgSO4浓度、丁二酸浓度、葡萄糖浓度、料液体积流量、操作温度等因素对纳滤分离性能的影响....     

超滤技术在碱性果胶酶浓缩工艺中的应用

运用从自然界中分离得到的一株具有产生特效高活性碱性果胶酶的软腐欧文氏菌株Erwinia Carotovora IFO 3830,通过发酵得到了含有高活性碱性果胶酶的发酵液由于果胶酶在该发酵液中浓度极低,仅为数μg/g左右.为了从大量的但含有目的酶浓度却极低的溶液中将目的酶分离出来,一般所使用的化工浓缩方法由于其操作温度较高使酶产品失活而无法运用.目前被普遍用于酶浓缩的硫酸铵沉淀法,不仅化学药品的消耗极大,而且后处理工艺又比较复杂;回收得到的沉淀酶制品中因混入了大量的培养基和其他杂质,导致后处理工序的更加复杂.本研究采用截留分子量为5 000和10 000(道尔顿)的超滤平面膜组件,可以直接从去除了菌体的发酵液中浓缩回收了目的产物碱性果胶酶,在浓缩率在20倍的条件下,取得了98.3%的高回收率.此外,还对超滤过程的表观阻力、浓缩率、渗透流束和浓缩液浓度等随着起滤过程的进行的变化规律进行了较为详细的研究     

A Sensor Network to Monitor Process Parameters of Fermentation and Drying in Black Tea Production

Fermentation and drying process in tea production are two important processes which play a crucial role in producing good quality tea. Tea colour and flavour are formed in the fermentation and enzyme reactions are terminated and moisture contents are reduced from the leaf particles in the drying process. Ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) are two major factors for the fermentation process. Firing temperature of dryer is also responsible for the final quality of tea. This paper presents an instrument comprising of sensor network to monitor temperature and RH for the fermentation process and firing temperature of the dryer. For dryer temperature monitoring a thermocouple based measuring system is developed. For fermentation an RH to voltage converter and temperature to voltage converter type sensor is used to develop the RH and temperature monitoring sensor node. The sensor nodes for different stages are connected in RS 485 network. Data are logged into the hard drive of a personal computer using the developed data acquisition software. The instrument will be helpful for recording these parameters and so that their influence can be determined and final quality can be improved.