泡沫铝硅合金动态压缩力学性能及吸能特性研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆研究了泡沫铝硅合金的动态压缩力学性能,得到了应变率为1400s-1~2500s-1的动态应力-应变曲线,且与准静态压缩实验结果进行了对比,分析了应变率对泡沫铝硅材料压缩强度和吸能特性的影响。动态压缩实验过程中,针对泡沫铝硅合金的低阻抗特点,采用LC4铝压杆和半导体应变片改进了测试装置和方法,保证了实验结果的可靠性。结果表明:应变率对泡沫铝硅合金的流动应力有着明显的影响,其流动应力随着应变率的增大而增大;由于惯性效应和胞孔的坍塌,在弹性极限处应力出现波动,且波动应力随应变率的增大而增大。该文还讨论了泡沫铝硅合金在不同应变率下的吸能效率。     

冲击载荷下环氧树脂动态压缩力学响应实验研究

为了从细观角度研究碳/环氧复合材料的动态力学性能,利用分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置对其组分材料TDE86#环氧树脂体系进行动态冲击压缩实验,获得不同应变率加载条件下环氧树脂的应力一应变曲线,基于应力-应变曲线分析了应变率对环氧树脂动态压缩力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:环氧树脂具有明显的应变强化效应,随着应变率的增加,环氧树脂的强度基本没有变化,最大应力时的应变逐渐减小,动态模量和压缩刚度有很大程度的提高.     

三维四向编织复合材料动态压缩性能实验研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)研究了三维四向编织碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料在动态压缩载荷作用下的力学性能。在横向对复合材料进行了动态压缩实验,得到了应变率从900/s―1500/s下的应力-应变曲线,并且与准静态压缩下的结果进行了对比。分析比较了应变率对三维编织复合材料横向压缩强度和模量的影响。实验中根据SHPB理论假设,采用波形整形技术,使得试件在加载过程中处于应力平衡和均匀变形状态。实验结果表明:压缩强度和模量具有一定的应变率强化效应;与准静态结果相比,在高应变率下的复合材料的强度和模量有明显的增大,并表现出明显的脆性。还分析了应变率对复合材料破坏模式的影响。     

锻造/层合碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料压缩性能实验与仿真

压缩性能是材料的基础力学性能之一,决定着材料在工程中的应用价值和应用范围.为了获得锻造碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(FC-FREP)和层合碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(LCFREP)的压缩力学性能,进行了准静态实验和霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bars,SHPB)实验,得出了FCFREP和LCFREP在不同应变率下的真实应力-应变关系.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了两种材料的破坏模式,进一步采用有限元软件进行了动态压缩仿真.实验结果表明,FCFREP的应变率效应仅体现在塑性段,且为负应变率效应;LCFREP的应变率效应明显,随着应变率增大,其弹性模量增大、屈服点滞后、流动应力增大.SEM结果表明,动态压缩情况下FCFREP的破坏模式为纤维撕裂拉断和剪切断裂,基体产生裂纹碎裂,LCFREP的动态压缩破坏模式为剪切断裂.仿真结果表明,FCFREP材料的动态压缩可采用双线性本构模型描述,LCFREP材料动态压缩的实际应力路径与仿真结果不同,但屈服极限相同.实验得出的真实应力-应变曲线可以作为研究新本构模型的依据,同时为开发新数值模型提供了参考.     

结构尺寸对混凝土双轴动态破坏行为影响细观分析EI北大核心CSCD

为研究结构尺寸在不同动态双轴工况下对混凝土破坏行为的影响,建立了考虑混凝土材料非均质性的细观力学分析模型,对不同尺寸的立方体混凝土试件在不同应变率(10-5 s-1、10-2 s-1和1 s-1)和不同侧应力比(0、±0.25、±0.50、±0.75、±1.00和-∞)工况下进行了细观数值模拟。研究了混凝土的动态双轴压缩和压缩-拉伸力学行为以及应变率和侧应力比两个因素对混凝土动态双轴强度及其尺寸效应行为的影响规律,分析与讨论了不同工况下结构尺寸对混凝土动态双轴强度的影响机理。研究结果表明:动态双轴压缩工况下,结构尺寸对混凝土动态双轴压缩强度的影响随应变率增大逐渐被削弱,随侧应力比增大先被削弱而后增强;动态双轴压缩-拉伸工况下,随应变率增大,结构尺寸对混凝土动态主轴压缩强度和动态侧轴拉伸强度的影响均被削弱。随侧应力比增大,结构尺寸对混凝土动态主轴压缩强度的影响被增强,而对混凝土动态侧轴拉伸强度的影响被削弱;逐渐增大的应变率会削弱侧应力比对混凝土双轴强度尺寸效应的影响。     

温度对PVA/ECC动态压缩性能影响

为研究不同温度、不同聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维体积掺量和不同应变率对高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA/ECC)动态压缩性能的影响,采用直径50 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB),对高温浸水冷却后的PVA/ECC进行了冲击压缩试验,结果表明：当温度≥250℃,PVA/ECC试件冲击破坏后的整体性变差,应力-应变曲线更趋于扁平,其动态峰值应变提高不明显但动态峰值应力、冲击韧度显著降低,且高温对较大纤维体积掺量PVA/ECC动态峰值应力、冲击韧度的劣化效应更明显;温度≤150℃时,增大PVA纤维体积掺量,PVA/ECC动态峰值应力、峰值应变和冲击韧度均明显提高,但当温度≥250℃时,增大PVA纤维体积掺量,PVA/ECC动态峰值应变增大,而冲击韧度的提高幅度显著降低且动态峰值应力下降;高温水冷后的PVA/ECC仍具有明显的应变率效应,但温度≥150℃后,其抗压强度的应变率敏感性有所降低。     

泡沫镍力学性能的实验研究

本研究在室温下控制位移,先以5mm/min的位移速度对泡沫镍进行了单轴拉伸、压缩实验,然后在不同应变率情况下进行了一系列单轴拉伸实验,得到了相应的应力-应变曲线,讨论了材料的应变率相关性.结果表明在普通拉伸试验范围内(准静态),改变变形速度会影响应力-应变曲线,屈服应力、强度极限随变形速度增大而下降;单轴拉伸时,应力应变关系明显分为线弹性变形、塑性变形、线性硬化和破坏4个阶段;单轴压缩时,具备其他泡沫材料受压典型应力-应变曲线的3阶段特征,即明显的弹性变形段、屈服平台段和紧实段.     

纯钒的动态压缩力学性能实验研究

为研究纯钒在常温下的动态压缩力学性能,采用霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对其进行应变率效应实验并采用应变冻结法对其进行应变累积实验,给出纯钒在常温下的动态压缩应力应变曲线,研究应变历史对材料性能的影响,并与电弧熔炼钒合金进行比较,结果表明:在应变率为4 430 s-1时,纯钒的流变应力为564 MPa,比应变率810 s-1时的437 MPa提高29%,纯钒具有明显的应变率效应;应变历史虽然对纯钒有影响,但其影响并不强烈;电弧熔炼钒合金的强度远高于纯钒。     

聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料动态力学实验

通过在开孔泡沫铝中填充聚氨酯得到了聚氨酯泡沫铝, 利用Hopkinson杆对泡沫铝与泡沫聚氨酯组成的三维连续网络增强复合材料进行了在不同相对密度、 应变率和聚氨酯含量下的动态压缩实验。结果表明, 在相同应变率和相对密度下, 与泡沫纯铝相比, 聚氨酯泡沫铝屈服强度和压缩应变量显著增加, 而且应力-应变曲线出现明显的抖动。 随着应变的不断增大, 应力也逐渐增加, 在达到某一相同的应变时, 聚氨酯泡沫铝的应力值较高, 吸能量也较多。另外, 当应变率增加时, 聚氨酯泡沫铝表现出很明显的应变率效应。      

杨木静动态压缩本构模型研究

目的 以杨木为研究对象,研究其静动态压缩载荷作用下应力-应变曲线的变化特征,建立适合的本构模型,并对其进行描述。方法 对杨木试件进行静动态压缩加载试验,分析静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木应力-应变曲线的变化特征,构建适用于静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木的本构模型。结果 静态压缩加载杨木的应力-应变曲线分为线弹性阶段、屈服阶段和密实化阶段等3个部分,动态压缩加载杨木的应力-应变曲线分为线弹性阶段和屈服阶段等2个部分;静态压缩加载时,杨木轴向屈服应力最大,分别是径向和弦向的5.70倍和7.75倍;动态压缩加载时,当应变率从400 s-1增加到1000 s-1时,径向、弦向和轴向的屈服应力分别增加了1.51,1.59,3.12倍,杨木的屈服应力具有应变率敏感性;采用包含应变率影响的本构方程来描述杨木在静动态压缩载荷作用下的本构关系是比较合适的。结论 杨木是一种应变率敏感材料,静动态压缩载荷作用下杨木的应力-应变曲线均表现出多孔材料的特征,将多孔材料本构模型应用于木材是可行的。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.