酒后驾驶检测技术和预防酒驾技术的研究现状探究

引发交通事故的原因有很多,其中因酒后驾驶导致交通事故发生频繁发生。对机动车驾驶员在驾驶机动车的过程中体内酒精含量的检测,是查处机动车驾驶员是否在驾驶机动车过程中饮酒的重点检查方法;这种检查方式的普及运用有助于预防酒驾的发生。人体内的酒精含量可以通过一些科学的检测方法检测出来,在本文中会一一提及并加以总结、并分析其影响因素还有未来的发展趋势,从以上几个方面论述非接触式酒精检测技术和车载防酒驾技术的科学原理,以未来在查处酒驾将发挥的作用。     

基于AT89S51单片机的酒驾报警系统设计

随着我国经济社会的快速发展，汽车已成为主要的交通工具，而酒后驾驶问题已成为造成交通事故最主要的原因，有效地提醒民众防止酒后驾驶的检测系统就成了现实中的迫切要求。本文采用单片机技术，研究出“酒驾报警系统”，可有效的防止酒驾的发生。     

近红外光谱技术在土壤成分检测中的研究进展

近红外光谱技术(NIRS)是一种快速的例行分析方法,在土壤科学领域内具有广阔的应用前景。本文评述了近红外光谱分析技术在土壤成分检测中的应用,并指出了其在土壤领域内的发展方向。     

ICA的近红外光谱分析软件的研制

研制了基于独立分量分析方法的近红外光谱分析软件.该软件包括光谱解析、光谱建模和未知成分含量测定三个模块,使用了小波分析、ICA和BP神经网络等数据处理方法.将这种软件用于实测的玉米近红外光谱分析,所得结果令人满意.使用LabVIEW与MATLAB软件混合编程,充分利用了各软件的优点,不仅程序简单,而且界面友好.     

高效近红外光谱分析技术在药物分析中的应用

高效近红外光谱分析技术对快速分析或实时检测是非常理想的技术手段,是大型石油化工,农业,制药,食品加工等工业生产所必须依靠的重要分析技术之一。本文重点阐述了高效近红外光谱技术在药物分析中的应用,并且简单介绍了该技术的特点和各种分析方法的原理。     

汽车防酒驾控制系统设计

本文介绍了酒后驾车的危害、汽车防酒驾控制系统的电路框图、各电路功能模块的基本工作原理、系统控制程序的功能模块和工作过程,最后指出了汽车防酒驾控制系统的工作稳定性和酒精浓度数据测量的准确性。     

近红外光谱技术在食品成分及质量控制方面的研究应用进展

本文简要介绍了近红外光谱技术快速检测的基本原理,综述了国内外近红外光谱快速检测技术在食品成分及质量控制方面的研究应用进展,并展望了今后该领域的研究和应用前景。     

近红外光谱在药物领域的应用与研究进展

综述了近红外光谱技术在药物组分分析、药物物理表征和制药过程在线控制等方面的应用研究进 展.讨论了近红外光谱技术在我国制药工业中应用的前景.     

近红外光谱技术在食品成分及质量控制方面的研究应用进展

本文简要介绍了近红外光谱技术快速检测的基本原理,综述了国内外近红外光谱快速检测技术在食品成分及质量控制方面的研究应用进展,并展望了今后该领域的研究和应用前景.     

长喉颈文丘里管气液两相流弹状流机理研究

为了实现气液两相流相含率测量并得到相关模型,结合气液两相流研究现状,采用近红外光谱技术与高速摄影技术结合的手段,利用近红外系统布置于长喉颈文丘里管喉管位置的新装置,将弹状流相间流动特征与近红外测量系统接收光强信号特征相结合,提出了把弹状流分成泰勒气泡与尾部气泡两部分的简化模型,在数据处理时对近红外接收光强高频信号进行有效分组,建立了新的气液两相流弹状流相含率测量模型。从一定程度上解决了弹状流不同部位的两相交界面对近红外接收探头接收光强信号影响差异较大的问题。新型模型的测量效果较好,所得结果测量误差较小。     

Alcohol and traffic in Finland

This paper describes historical trends in drunken driving and traffic accidents in Finland since 1930 and discusses the relationship between alcohol policy, alcohol consumption, and drunken driving. It first describes the development of laws dealing with drunken driving and actual punishments for drunken driving. Secondly, it describes quantitative changes in drunken driving and traffic accidents, giving particular attention to alcohol-related traffic accidents. Thirdly, it analyses the connection between alcohol consumption and drunken driving. Finally, the relationship between alcohol policy and alcohol consumption in Finland is discussed. The role of the alcoholic beverages industry is also scrutinized. The paper shows that there are links among alcohol control policy, alcohol consumption, drinking habits, drunken driving, and alcohol-related traffic accidents. However, these ties are manifested through numerous mediating factors and alcohol is not the sole decisive factor. The paper also shows that drunken driving in Finland has increased and that alcohol-related traffic accidents are an important social problem.     

The severity of drunken driving as perceived by drunken drivers

Men convicted of drunken driving rated this particular offence as significantly less serious than men from a control group who had no convictions for drunken driving offences. Instead of shame and guilt feelings preventing the person from committing further acts of drunken driving, prosecution and court appearance seems to have a detrimental effect on the offender's attitudes to this type of criminal behaviour.     

Highway accidents in Sweden: Modelling the process of drunken driving behaviour and control

This research is an investigation into the effect of sanctions imposed for drunken driving on the control of fatal and serious injury accidents in Sweden. The analysis makes use of lagged relationships to avoid alleged shortcomings of other investigative techniques. This approach facilitates sorting out cause and effects among such influences on accidents as levels of alcohol consumption, distance driven, vehicle mix and rainfall on the one hand and arrests for drunken driving, jail, fines and licence withdrawal on the other. The data are based on individual records of accidents and persons arrested for drunken driving from 1976 to 1979. Criminal histories are available for all such drivers back to 1970. These data have been used to construct a monthly time series for each of the three major cities of Gotenborg, Malmo, Stockholm and for the rest of the country. The statistical analysis lends support to the hypothesis that control efforts work in Sweden to reduce accidents below what they might otherwise have been. The combination of apprehension and jail is shown to be effective in reducing serious injury accidents that represent close to 80% of all serious accidents, whereas for fatal accidents jail appears to be less effective than fines. A surprising result is that licence withdrawal is found to have a uniformly positive effect in reducing accidents, irrespective of the investigative technique used. This result is of particular interest since licence withdrawal is not regarded as a sanction in Sweden and its use receives much less attention than the much more costly use of jail as punishment.     

Law enforcement and alcohol consumption policy as countermeasures against drunken driving: Possibilities and limitations

The potential effectiveness of the two following countermeasures against drunken driving is assessed in this paper: (1) manipulation of the risk of detection, and (2) changes of the opportunity structure, i.e. alcohol consumption and motoring. Empirical findings for Sweden in 1976 indicate that the first countermeasure seems to have no observable impact on the incidence of drunken driving, at least not in the short term. The clearest indication of the appropriate preventive measure is the strong relationship found between drunken driving and alcohol consumption: however, such a relationship was not found for motoring.     

A three-year prospective study of rearrests for driving under influence of alcohol or drugs

Fifty drunken drivers and 50 drivers with high blood drug concentrations arrested during the first four months of 1983 were selected for a study of rearrests for driving under influence of alcohol or drugs. Of the drugged drivers selected, 32 had been driving with high blood concentrations of diazepam (greater than 1.0 microM). 50% of these drivers were rearrested during the subsequent three years. The rearrest rate was low (6%) among those who had been driving with high blood concentrations of amphetamine (greater than 2.0 microM) or THC (greater than 0.010 microM). Among the drunken drivers arrested (BAC greater than 0.05%), the rearrest rate was 20%. The drivers were mostly rearrested for driving under the influence of alcohol.     

Alert eyes and DWIs: An indirect evaluation of a DWI witness reward program in Stockton, CA

We evaluate a “grassroots” anonymous reward program targeting drunken driving in Stockton, CA. The time-series cross-sectional data covers 19 years for Stockton and six other California cities. Exploiting interrupted time-series regression, Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) framework, and bootstrapped standard errors, we test for an impact of this program on alcohol-related injury or fatality accidents, the proportion of all accidents involving alcohol, and the number of DWI arrests. In its first decade, the citizen reward program appears to have averted some 275 alcohol-related accidents for social cost savings of between $21,000 and $5.6 million. Further, possibly 4495 arrests were precluded, saving some $1-3 million in arrest-related costs. Incentivized public monitoring of driving-after-drinking may be an effective drunken driving abatement program though our exploratory findings need further confirmation.     

日光驱动纳米纤维膜的制备及其抑菌性能研究

目的 为了研究低耗能、低成本的食品保鲜方法,创建一种可日光驱动的抗菌纳米纤维膜.方法 通过静电纺丝技术结合光敏性化学物质制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜,通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析、水接触角、耐水试验、活性氧的释放以及抑菌试验对纳米纤维膜进行表征.结果 光敏性物质二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)成功地接枝在PVA纳米纤维膜上,并在日光驱动下,可以释放活性氧,对致病菌具有杀灭作用.结论 该纳米纤维膜在日光的驱动下,可以有效地产生活性氧,从而杀灭微生物,因此可以在食品抗菌包装方面有新的应用.     

Recent evidence from scandinavia on deterring alcohol impaired driving

This paper summarizes the results of a number of studies of the effectiveness of control of drunken driving in Norway and Sweden. Econometric techniques are used for these evaluations within a simultaneous systems framework that takes account of variations in law enforcement effort, levels of alcohol consumption, and environmental effects that include indices of distance driven, vehicle mix and/or traffic density, and road quality. Effectiveness is measured in terms of the impact on fatal and serious injury accidents. Both cross-section and time series analyses have been conducted for periods in which legal statutes have remained relatively unchanged. Across all of the data sets involved there is a substantial unanimity supporting the hypothesis that increases in alcohol consumption levels are associated with higher accident levels and increases in law enforcement effort leading to a greater probability of sanctions will result in lower levels of fatal and serious injury accidents than would otherwise prevail.     

基于FPGA的实时红外图像处理方法研究

文章在深入分析各种数字图像处理方法的基础上,采用了一种新的中值算法对传统红外图像处理方法进行了改进,有效地改善了数据的处理结果并明显地降低了系统逻辑资源的占用.此外,还通过FPGA板卡对本算法进行验证.实验结果表明,本系统设计的算法能够很好地完成大容量数据流的实时处理,达到了预期的设计目标.