Travel time prediction under heterogeneous traffic conditions using global positioning system data from buses

Travel time information is a vital component of many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In recent years, the number of vehicles in India has increased tremendously, leading to severe traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas, particularly during peak periods. A desirable strategy to deal with such issues is to shift more people from personal vehicles to public transport by providing better service (comfort, convenience and so on). In this context, advanced public transportation systems (APTS) are one of the most important ITS applications, which can significantly improve the traffic situation in India. One such application will be to provide accurate information about bus arrivals to passengers, leading to reduced waiting times at bus stops. This needs a real-time data collection technique, a quick and reliable prediction technique to calculate the expected travel time based on real-time data and informing the passengers regarding the same. The scope of this study is to use global positioning system data collected from public transportation buses plying on urban roadways in the city of Chennai, India, to predict travel times under heterogeneous traffic conditions using an algorithm based on the Kalman filtering technique. The performance of the proposed algorithm is found to be promising and expected to be valuable in the development of APTS in India. The work presented here is one of the first attempts at real-time short-term prediction of travel time for ITS applications in Indian traffic conditions.     

Sustainable urban transportation development in China: A behavioral perspective

The rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems. Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation. The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities. In this study, the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective. Then, several special cases from the perspective of behavior, including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles, choice behaviors toward green travel, and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies, are investigated. Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.     

我国节能环保产业发展战略研究

发展节能环保产业是建设生态文明、实现绿色发展的重要保障,也是经济新常态下国民经济的新增长点。从我国节能环保产业发展的现状出发,剖析产业发展的深层次问题。对"十三五"产业发展的新趋势做出研判,确定产业发展的目标和重点工程,提出促进我国节能环保产业发展的战略建议。     

城市道路声屏障研究与设计

随着工业、交通运输业的发展,噪声的种类越来越多,也越来越强,几乎没有一个城市居民不受噪声的干扰或危害.据不完全统计,近年来向环境保护部门写信或投诉的污染事件中,噪声事件所占的百分比已上升到第一位.因此,降低城市周围环境的噪声,防止噪声的危害,是人们的迫切愿望.主要介绍了城市环境噪声的主要来源(道路交通噪声)的有效治理方法-声屏障的研究与设计.     

Green Innovation for Urban Traffic

With the development of economy, the issue of urban traffic is becoming highlighted, the pollution of the urban traffic has become one of the main factors to influence environment. It faces the broader problem of achieving sustainable development of urban transportation at present. The current situation of urban traffic is analyzed through studying the existing articles at home and abroad in this paper; the problems such as green innovation of urban traffic are elaborated. In addition, this paper puts forward the relevant measures to promote the development of green innovation of the urban traffic.     

Pollutant emissions from passenger cars in traffic congestion situation in the State of Kuwait: options and challenges

Rapid population growth in Kuwait, accompanied with rising standard of living, has resulted in a sweeping increase in the use of passenger vehicles for transportation. Consequently, deterioration of ambient air quality near major roadways has become an issue of public concern. The knowledge of real world road vehicle emission factors is an essential element to the development of any strategy aimed at the reduction of air pollution in urban areas. This work focuses on investigating exhaust emission pollutants from passenger cars for idle and slow acceleration (stop-and-go) traffic conditions. We found that vehicle emissions are minimal during idle mode for all vehicle categories. However, it was interesting to observe that during the slow acceleration mode HC and CO emissions increased for light vehicles with relatively high mileage (higher than 40,000?km). We can conclude from this study that with the growing vehicle ownership, and congestion it causes, the vehicular exhaust emissions is a major sources of air pollution in densely populated centers in the state of Kuwait, where idle and stop-and-go driving cycle is a common occurrence.     

Application potential of high performance steels for weight reduction and efficiency increase in commercial vehicles

The fast-growing economy and the gradually established highway system have boosted the road transportation for both passenger and cargo over the last decade in China.From 2000 to 2010 Chinese GDP increased by around10.15%annually and the sales of medium and heavy trucks by around 18.87%(sales increased from 0.2 million in 2000 to 1.3 million in 2010) according to the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China.Today commercial vehicles consume almost the same amount of fuel as passenger cars in China although the number of commercial vehicles is only about one fourth of passenger cars.It is estimated that around 50%of imported fuel to China each year will be consumed by vehicle transportation.This situation will worsen fuel shortage problems in the long run and at the same time it is partially responsible for the everworsening air pollution in China.Due to the widespread overloading in China,lightweight development in commercial vehicles has fallen far behind that of passenger cars with the consequences that Chinese commercial vehicles consume in average about 20%more fuel,especially the heavy trucks,compared to European models.Under these circumstances it is essential to reduce the vehicle fuel consumption and increase the transport efficiency.The key solution thereby is to implement lightweight design in commercial vehicles as it has been successfully practiced over the last decade in the passenger cars.This paper summarizes highlights given in presentations during the "International seminar on the application of high strength steels in light weight commercial vehicles" with the focus on the development and application of Nb alloyed high performance steels made for lightweight commercial vehicles.     

Investigating the impact of urban grade-separation on pedestrian PM2.5 exposure

For urban intersections, grade separations have been deemed a way of mitigating traffic congestion. However, the environmental impact of various grade separations, especially on pedestrian exposure to traffic-related air pollution, is unknown. Particulate matter of 2.5 µm or less (PM_2.5) near roadsides comes mainly from vehicle emissions and has negative respiratory health effects. Pedestrian PM_2.5 exposure at ground level at different types of intersection and are studied and compared here. Based on realistic survey data at a current at-grade intersection, and reasonable assumptions about traffic speed and volume changes, MOVES modeling software used the highest resolution approach of operating mode distribution to calculate PM_2.5 emission inventory for three scenarios: at-grade intersection, overpass grade separation, and underpass grade separation. Pedestrian PM_2.5 exposure concentrations were estimated using the AERMOD model. The results of the case study show that both underpass and overpass intersections largely decrease pedestrian PM_2.5 exposure, at almost the same amplitude. From the viewpoint of regional environmental impacts, however, the underpass-type intersection is recommended for replacing the at-grade intersection, in order to both reduce traffic congestion and better contain pollution. The findings of this research indicate that, as three-dimensional urban transportation design is becoming a more popular measure for relieving traffic congestion, environmental analysis will become an increasingly critical part of intersection design.     

Estimation of the Impact of Traveler Information Apps on Urban Air Quality Improvement

With the rapid growth of vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled, automobile emission has become a severe issue in the metropolitan cities of China. There are policies that concentrate on the management of emission sources. However, improving the operation of the transportation system through apps on mobile devices, especially navigation apps, may have a unique role in promoting urban air quality. Real-time traveler information can not only help travelers avoid traffic congestion, but also advise them to adjust their departure time, mode, or route, or even to cancel trips. Will such changes in personal travel patterns have a significant impact in decreasing emissions? If so, to what extent will they impact urban air quality? The aim of this study is to determine how urban traffic emission is affected by the use of navigation apps. With this work, we attempt to answer the question of whether the real-time traffic information provided by navigation apps can help to improve urban air quality. Some of these findings may provide references for the formulation of urban traffic and environmental policies.     

Making aviation green

With rapid economic progress and tremendous advances of science and technology, awareness of environmental protection has become worldwide consensus. Saving energy, reducing emission and dealing with climate changes are global objectives. The aviation industry belongs to the manufacturing industry. Air transportation is a major consumer of natural resources and energy. Development of green technology in aviation manufacturing will have significant impacts on air transportation. On the basis of the international situation, this article focuses on the current development of green aviation manufacturing in China, depicting AVIC’s objectives and commitments to achieving  this.     

我国节能环保产业发展的思考

加快发展节能环保产业是推进我国产业结构调整、转变经济发展方式的重要途径,是应对气候变化,抢占未来竞争制高点的战略选择。本文介绍了我国节能环保产业发展的现状,分析了当前节能环保产业在发展过程中面临的问题,未来发展的重点领域和技术发展方向,提出了"十三五"期间我国节能环保产业发展的主要目标、相应的重点支撑工程和对策建议。     

复用型绿色快递包装设计理念探究

目的针对国内普遍存在的快递包装废弃物价值利用不足和过度排放的现状,通过创新设计来挖掘快递包装的次级价值,以降低包装垃圾的排放频率,达到节能减排的效果。方法秉承绿色包装设计的理念,提出复用的设计思路来赋予快递包装以二次生命,寻找快递包装在被废弃之前得以复用的可能性,开发出其全新的使用情境和次级功能。设计应本着创新性、实用性、易用性、高品质、商业化等的原则和方法来进行。结论复用型绿色快递包装设计理念具有积极的环保意义和广阔的发展前景。     

混合动力汽车及其效益研究

由于石油资源的缺乏和环保意识的提高,人类越来越需要可节省能源和低排放甚至是零排放的绿色环保汽车。混合动力汽车具有节能、污染低、续驶里程长等突出优点。本文首先分析了混合动力汽车的工作原理及分类,然后分析日本、美国、中国的研制现状,最后分析其经济、社会和生态效益。     

Self-organized traffic flow at the lightless intersection: algorithms,policies and simulations of the environmental impact

We propose an urban intersection control scheme without the need of the traffic light (lightless control), which leads to potentially disruptive improvement of efficiency of the intersection traffic flow and much reduced fuel consumption and green house gas (GHG) emissions. We in particular show that such lightless intersection control can be achieved with mature technologies; it can be understood as an enhanced version of the connected vehicles, with the installing an intersection cruise control (ICC) device in the vehicle. Simple algorithms of such intersection control and intuitive traffic policies associated with it make the control scheme easy to implement with minimal impact on traditional driving behaviours. Moreover, such control allows a mixture of vehicles with and without ICC device installed, and can coexist with conventional intersection control with traffic lights. We quantify improvements of our lightless intersection control scheme with realistic large-scale numerical simulation of the vehicle drive cycles and the appropriate energy models. In contrast to traditional signallized intersection control where severe congestion develops, the proposed lightless intersection control leads to a smooth, self-organized traffic flow and lower fuel use and emissions. This performance is demonstrated even under high traffic inflow conditions. In many cases, the environmental impact of the presence of the intersection is found to be negligible.     

中国铸造行业可持续化发展的思考

我国铸造行业正面临实现从铸造大国向铸造强国转变的发展机遇,但造成的环境污染相当严重.阐述了我国铸造行业的发展方向:大型化、轻量化、精确化、数字化、网络化以及绿色制造.围绕其发展方向,指出我国铸造行业的可持续化发展可从铸造技术、原辅材料、铸造废弃物的回收与再利用、环保以及绿色铸造的评价方法和指标体系等方面予以体现.     

加快我国新能源汽车动力电池回收利用的建议

在国家政策引导和支持下,我国新能源汽车产业发展迅猛,预计到2020年新能源汽车保有量将超过500万辆。随之而来的新能源汽车动力电池回收利用问题成为行业内的重大议题。动力电池如不进行有效回收处理,将造成严重的环境污染及资源浪费。美、德、日等发达国家均已提前布局动力电池回收领域。本文对我国新能源汽车动力电池回收利用存在的问题开展深入分析,为我国加快动力电池发展提出具体的建议。     

基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型研究

目的借助物联网相关技术改变城市与交通系统内"人—汽车—环境"之间的交互模式,提高驾乘过程中的用户体验,提升城市交通运行效率。方法在移动互联网的背景下,利用物联网与汽车智能化技术,把人机交互的概念从人与汽车之间的双向互动,放大到整个城市交通体系的多主体多通道互动之中,重新审视智能交通体系下的人机交互概念。分析不同移动场景中用户的需求,阐述"基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型"给城市出行效率与驾乘体验带来的本质改变。结论提出面对未来的智能化交通体系中人与汽车、汽车与汽车、汽车与城市公共设施之间的复杂互动关系,即"基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型"。该模型的运用对未来城市交通与信息化建设,具有一定的理论指导与实用价值。     

城市轨道交通运输服务产业计量测试中心的构建

城市轨道交通运输安全和污染是城市发展中的一个焦点,轨道交通运营事故、轨道振动及噪声污染给人民生活带来困扰,影响人民生活,为解决这一系列问题,构建城市轨道交通运输服务产业计量测试中心,开展对城市轨道及噪音等一系列关键参数的检测,服务于民生。     

绿色高效制冷空调产业发展分析与展望

我国已经是全球最大的制冷空调设备生产国和消费国,制冷空调系统是国民经济中的耗能大户,制冷空调产业的节能环保发展已经成为国际社会共同面临的紧迫课题。当前国际形势正发生深刻复杂变化,对《蒙特利尔议定书》等国际公约的履约行动也带来巨大的冲击和影响。中国未来的履约将更多的依靠行业自身的努力来实现。中国制冷空调行业进一步提高自主的技术创新能力和实力,推动产业绿色高效的转型升级是实现由制造大国向制造强国转变的必由之路。     

Urban transport policy response to global climate change in China

Accompanying with the economic development and the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, the energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission of transport sector increased rapidly. From the viewpoint of how the urban traffic management department should cope with the global climate change, based on the economy, institutional reform, planning and policies in China, the paper analyzed the main important problems and obstacles in the development of urban transport, put forward the corresponding policy recommendations which could lead the urban transport system transform to low carbon emission and become more suitable to the climate change.