基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型研究

目的借助物联网相关技术改变城市与交通系统内"人—汽车—环境"之间的交互模式,提高驾乘过程中的用户体验,提升城市交通运行效率。方法在移动互联网的背景下,利用物联网与汽车智能化技术,把人机交互的概念从人与汽车之间的双向互动,放大到整个城市交通体系的多主体多通道互动之中,重新审视智能交通体系下的人机交互概念。分析不同移动场景中用户的需求,阐述"基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型"给城市出行效率与驾乘体验带来的本质改变。结论提出面对未来的智能化交通体系中人与汽车、汽车与汽车、汽车与城市公共设施之间的复杂互动关系,即"基于汽车的多主体多通道交互模型"。该模型的运用对未来城市交通与信息化建设,具有一定的理论指导与实用价值。     

Sustainable urban transportation development in China: A behavioral perspective

The rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems. Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation. The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities. In this study, the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective. Then, several special cases from the perspective of behavior, including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles, choice behaviors toward green travel, and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies, are investigated. Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.     

Effects of real-time transit information services on the patronage behavior of passengers

Previous research regarding customer relationship management has shown that acquiring a new customer costs much more than retaining an existing customer. Thus, from the perspective of transit agencies, maintaining existing passengers is a cost-effective strategy. This paper investigates the patronage behavior of bus passengers when real-time transit information (RTTI) is made available. Survival analysis based on survey data collected in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan, shows that the risk of RTTI users ceasing their use of transit was 32.9% that of RTTI non-users. Moreover, passengers using RTTI tended to use public transportation 0.15 years longer than those who did not use RTTI. This study found that RTTI helps to retain passengers and provides concrete suggestions regarding RTTI promotion and bus business management for administrators.     

Risk analysis of intelligent transportation system investments

Improvements to urban transportation in terms of user service, environmental effects and cost efficiency can be achieved through careful planning and application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Since public and/or public-private joint venture funds are used as investments in these systems and the results cannot be predicted with certainty, it is prudent to subject such investments to risk analysis. This study reports a methodological framework for the risk analysis of ITS applications in urban transportation with focus on public transit. The role of advanced technology in shaping public transit systems at the strategic, tactical and operational levels is acknowledged. Evaluation and capital budgeting methodological improvements, particularly risk analysis, are described for ITS capital investment socio-economic analysis. Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation approaches are illustrated for assessing risk in ITS investments, including feasibility of additional information acquisition in order to enhance knowledge of uncertain factors.     

Estimation of the Impact of Traveler Information Apps on Urban Air Quality Improvement

With the rapid growth of vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled, automobile emission has become a severe issue in the metropolitan cities of China. There are policies that concentrate on the management of emission sources. However, improving the operation of the transportation system through apps on mobile devices, especially navigation apps, may have a unique role in promoting urban air quality. Real-time traveler information can not only help travelers avoid traffic congestion, but also advise them to adjust their departure time, mode, or route, or even to cancel trips. Will such changes in personal travel patterns have a significant impact in decreasing emissions? If so, to what extent will they impact urban air quality? The aim of this study is to determine how urban traffic emission is affected by the use of navigation apps. With this work, we attempt to answer the question of whether the real-time traffic information provided by navigation apps can help to improve urban air quality. Some of these findings may provide references for the formulation of urban traffic and environmental policies.     

Handover location accuracy for travel time estimation in GSM and UMTS

Field measurements from the GSM and UMTS networks are analysed in a road traffic information context. The measurements indicate a potentially large improvement using UMTS signalling data compared with GSM regarding handover location accuracy. These improvements can be used to generate real-time traffic information with higher quality and extend the geographic usage area for cellular-based travel time estimation systems. The results confirm previous reports indicating that the technology has a large potential in GSM and also show that the potential might be even larger and more flexible using UMTS. Assuming that non-vehicle terminals can be filtered out, that vehicles are tracked to the correct route and that handovers can be predicted correctly, a conclusion from the experiments is that the handover location accuracy in both GSM and UMTS will be sufficient to estimate useful travel times, also in urban environments. In a real system, these tasks are typically very challenging, especially in an urban environment. Further, it is reasonably established that the location error will be minor for the data obtained from UMTS.     

武汉市空调公交车内空气质量的测试调查与改善建议

通过对武汉市具有典型代表性的空调公交车内空气环境质量进行跟踪测试,以及对武汉市百名不同领域的人员进行问卷调查,由测量计算结果、调查结论与相关公共交通工具卫生标准的对比发现:空调公交车内新风量不足、CO2浓度超标等问题是导致车内空气品质不佳的主要原因,这直接导致了大部分乘客在乘坐空调公交车时出现头晕、困倦、胸闷等不适问题。提出了几个投资成本低、便于操作的改进措施与建议,以期达到车内环境与节能最优化的效果。     

基于AIGC辅助技术的智慧交通公共设施设计研究

目的 提高城市公共交通设施的运行效率,提升设计师的工作效率,满足用户的出行需求。方法 通过用户访谈获取用户需求,在转化成设计需求后,采用层次分析法（AHP）对设计特征进行权重排序。提取用户偏好提示词,并结合GPT4.0中获得的公共交通设施相似提示词,而后得到整合性提示词。选取相关大模型并使用整合性提示词在SD(Stable Diffusion)平台中进行方案生成。结果 以智慧公交站台为例,生成不同场景下智慧公共交通设施方案,经过专家筛选后获得优化方案集,最后邀请用户使用满意度量表对方案集进行打分以获得不同场景下的最优方案。结论 人机协同设计的智慧公交站台方案不仅能满足用户的需求,也提升了设计师的工作效率。因此,通过智慧公交站台设计实践,优化了基于AIGC辅助技术的智慧交通公共设施设计流程,对其他类型的交通公共设施设计具有指导意义。     

Robust mobility adaptive clustering scheme with support for geographic routing for vehicular ad hoc networks

There are a number of critical problems related to road safety in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) caused by increased vehicle usage, urbanisation, population growth and density, and faster rates of movements of goods and people. It is envisaged that vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) will bring about a substantial change to the way our road transport operates to improving road safety and traffic congestion. A major challenge in VANETs is to provide real-time transfer of information between vehicles within a highly mobile environment. The authors propose a new clustering scheme named robust mobility adaptive clustering (RMAC) to strategically enable and manage highly dynamic VANETs for future ITS. It employs a novel node precedence algorithm to adaptively identify the nearby 1-hop neighbours and select optimal clusterheads based on relative node mobility metrics of speed, locations and direction of travel. Furthermore, the zone of interest concept is introduced for optimised approach to the network structure such that each vehicular node maintains a neighbour table of nodes, beyond its communications range, that reflects the frequent changes on the network and provides prior knowledge of neighbours as they travel into new neighbourhoods. RMAC predominantly employs more reliable unicast control packets and supports geographic routing by providing accurate neighbour information crucial when making routing decisions in multi-hop geographic routing. It is shown by simulations that RMAC on IEEE802.11 ad hoc WLAN protocol is very effective in a highly dynamic VANETs environment, being robust on link failures, and having very high cluster residence times compared to the well known distributed mobility clustering scheme.     

城市交通系统管理与优化研究综述

根据城市路网交通需求与供给平衡关系,对城市交通问题产生的机理进行分析。通过对比分析国内外城市交通需求管理、交通运行管理及交通应急管理研究现状,指出多技术协同集成研究、交通参与者行为研究、交通政策评估与仿真研究、交通大数据应用研究,将成为未来研究的重要趋势。     

Prediction of Traffic Volume of Motor Vehicles Based on Mobile Phone Signaling Technology

Urban traffic volume detection is an essential part of traffic planning in terms of urban planning in China. To improve the statistics efficiency of road traffic volume, this thesis proposes a method for predicting motor vehicle traffic volume on urban roads in small and medium-sized cities during the traffic peak hour by using mobile signal technology. The method is verified through simulation experiments, and the limitations and the improvement methods are discussed. This research can be divided into three parts: Firstly, the traffic patterns of small and medium-sized cities are obtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 19745 residents were surveyed in Luohe, a medium-sized city in China and five travel modes of local people were obtained. Secondly, after the characteristics of residents’ rest and working time are investigated, a method is proposed in this study for the distribution of urban residential and working places based on mobile phone signaling technology. Finally, methods for predicting traffic volume of these travel modes are proposed after the characteristics of these travel modes and methods for the distribution of urban residential and working places are analyzed. Based on the actual traffic volume data observed at offline intersections, the project team takes Luohe city as the research object and it verifies the accuracy of the prediction method by comparing the prediction data. The prediction simulation results of traffic volume show that the average error rate of traffic volume is unstable. The error rate ranges from 10% to 30%. In this thesis, simulation experiments and field investigations are adopted to analyze why these errors occur.     

城市交通规划的声环境影响评价

介绍了依据城市测绘图、交通规划基础资料和交通噪声预测模式进行噪声预测与评价的技术方法。其方法通过对城区等声级线图与声环境功能区划图、声环境敏感点分布、城市人口密度分布等图层进行叠置分析，给出噪声超标区数量、面积、不同声级下受影响的人群等评价结论，为交通规划的优化及环境影响评价提供技术支持。     

Image tracking of motorcycles and vehicles on urban roads and its application to traffic monitoring and enforcement

Abstract

Image tracking has increasingly gained attention for use in vision‐based traffic monitoring and surveillance applications. For many cities in Asia countries, it is desirable to detect multiple motorcycles as well as cars for urban traffic monitoring and enforcement. In this paper, a novel contour initialization and tracking algorithm is presented to track multiple motorcycles and vehicles at any position on the roadway. This method has the capability to detect moving vehicles of various sizes and to generate their initial contours for image tracking. The proposed method is not constrained by lane boundaries or vehicle size. To track vehicles on roadways, dynamic models are designed to predict the horizontal and vertical positions of vehicle contours. A Kalman filter is designed to update the prediction based on real‐time image measurement. Practical experimental studies using video clips are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Traffic parameters such as traffic flow, vehicle speeds and traffic density are obtained with satisfactory accuracy.     

线性交通空间动态视觉公共艺术设计探究

目的探讨线性交通空间引入动态视觉公共艺术的现实意义,并提出相应的设计建议。方法分析线性交通空间的特性及公共艺术的发展情况,结合国内外相关设计案例,归纳、总结动态视觉公共艺术介入线性交通空间的设计思路和方向。结论公共艺术是城市文化传播的重要载体和窗口,在大数据和信息化的时代,线性交通应更注重乘客在旅途中的立体式感官体验;应用新媒体技术、数控技术,结合多种创新艺术表现形式的动态视觉公共艺术,符合城市公共艺术发展,改善了线性交通环境,促进了城市及地域文化交流的需求。     

The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China

Since the 21st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..     

Road safety issues for bus transport management

Because of the low percentage of crashes involving buses and the assumption that public transport improves road safety by reducing vehicular traffic, public interest in bus safety is not as great as that in the safety of other types of vehicles. It is possible that less attention is paid to the significance of crashes involving buses because the safety level of bus systems is considered to be adequate.     

北京市公共交通客运标志设计设置质量分析

近年来，缓解交通拥堵成为北京市交通行业工作的重点。最大限度地挖掘现有交通潜力成为缓解交通拥堵状况的关键。实施精细化管理，更多地关注细节问题、微观层面的问题是其中重要一环。公共交通客运标志即是此类问题之一。本文以完善北京市公共交通客运标志，构建良好的视觉引导系统为目标，对全市的轨道交通、公共汽电车站和长途客运站等场所客运标志标准的实施情况进行广泛深入的调研，发现并分析问题，对进一步优化公共交通客运标志设计、设置能力，提升运输行业服务水平提出了对策建议。     

城市公共交通内财产型犯罪预防设计研究

目的 从设计预防犯罪的角度出发,以城市公共交通内的盗窃类犯罪预防为目标,提出城市公共交通内财产型犯罪预防设计方法。方法 通过深入分析城市公共交通内盗窃犯罪的主体、客体、环境等构成要素,以及城市公共交通内犯罪的特点,运用犯罪机会控制法和时空关联预防法进行分析研究。结论 提出了针对城市公共交通内以盗窃为主的财产型犯罪预防设计方法,以西安市某路公交车为例,运用提出的犯罪预防设计方法进行设计验证,为城市公共交通犯罪预防的设计和研究提供了可供借鉴的思路和方法。     

基于用户需求的宜老型公交倚靠设施设计研究

目的在人口老龄化的背景下,基于用户需求对宜老型公交倚靠设施进行设计,优化老年人的出行体验。方法针对现有公交车辆上存在的问题,结合老年人关节僵硬和下肢肌肉力量不足等情况,帮助老年人在车内平稳站立。依据研究结论,对公交车上的倚靠设施提出新的设想,并使用层次分析法进行评估。结论通过研究用户对公交倚靠设施的使用体验,分析老年乘客在不同评价维度上对于设计思路的信任感和认可度,以此满足老年乘客对宜老型公交倚靠设施的需求。     

基于车流密度的道路噪声源动态辐射模型

相较于车流相对稳定的高速公路而言,城市交通流因上下班高峰、红绿灯、交叉路口等影响,具有明显的波动性。现有噪声预测模式中,声源辐射模型采用小时流量及设计速度作为独立变量,车速与车流量没有关联,仅适用于测量常年平均声级,不能正确反映城市道路噪声的动态变化特征。文章对交通流模型进行了调查,以行车速度与车流密度制约关系为基础,结合道路车辆的物理模型及声源辐射模型,建立以车流密度为变量的噪声源动态声源辐射计算模型,描述城市道路交通噪声辐射声级随车流密度的动态变化特征,与已有模型进行对比并通过实测,验证了新模型能更好地反映城市道路车辆声源辐射声级的变化情况。