Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能及热传导的影响

在微米氮化铝粉体中添加含量为4%的Y2O3和不同含量的纳米AlN粉体制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对微米氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能和热传导性能的影响。结果表明,Y2O3优先与纳米AlN粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成活性较高的第二相Al5Y3O12,相比于Y2O3与微米AlN粉体表面Al2O3反应生成的Al5Y3O12,具有更低的熔化温度及更好的流动性;同时,纳米AlN粉体的高比表面能也促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密化进程。二者的协同作用有效地促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结,改善第二相的微观分布,从而能在较低的烧结温度下获得具有较高热导率的氮化铝陶瓷。当Y2O3和纳米AlN粉体的添加量(质量分数)分别为4%和1.5%时,在1800℃烧结得到的氮化铝陶瓷密度为3.26 g·cm-3,第二相以连续相的形式分布于氮化铝晶界处,热导率为151.75 W/(m.K)。     

粉料预处理方法对氮化铝晶体形态的影响

以氮化铝粉料为原料，在高纯氮气条件下用物理气相法制备氮化铝晶体。采用不同方法对氮化铝粉料进行预处理，研究它对氮化铝晶体形态的影响。实验结果表明，通过对氮化铝粉料的预烧结，可以有效地减少粉料中杂质的含量，实现合适的气体输运速率，从而得到了尺寸较大、质量较高的六棱柱形的氮化铝单晶体。     

直接氮化法制备氮化铝纳米线

在氮、氢混合气气流中(氢气10%,体积比),以铝和氯化铵混合粉体为原料,在水平管式炉中采用直接氮化法合成了氮化铝纳米线。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米线的形貌和结构进行了检测与分析;研究了铝和氯化铵的比例(质量比)、反应温度、升温速度等因素对生成物的种类、形貌和氮化铝纳米线产量的影响。研究发现,所获得的AlN纳米线为单晶六方纤锌矿结构,表面不光滑且有非晶层,而AlN纳米线依照Vapor-Solid(VS,气-固)生长机制生长。获得了较为优化的制备氮化铝纳米线的工艺条件,利用VS生长机制和气相过饱和度概念对上述影响氮化铝纳米线生长的条件进行了初步的机理分析。     

镁铝合金直接燃烧法合成AlN晶体

以球形镁铝合金(Al₁₂Mg₁₇)颗粒为原料, 在空气中直接燃烧合成氮化铝(AlN)晶体。实验样品堆积在直径为 1 cm的区域内, 使用乙烷火焰点燃。使用高速摄像仪记录燃烧合成过程。借助XRD和SEM对原料和产物的组成及结构进行分析, 并使用TG-DSC分析合金的热力学性质。结果表明: 镁铝合金中的铝可以全部转化为AlN晶体。合金的点火温度约为494.4 ℃, 一旦点燃, 不需要外界热源的持续加热, 样品可持续燃烧。燃烧开始后, 合金颗粒中镁快速汽化, 与空气中氧发生优先反应, 并耗掉颗粒周围的氧气, 使氮气进入液态铝表层, 生成氮化铝。燃烧产物有明显分层, 检测结果表明上层产物为白色氧化镁, 下层产物为黑色氮化铝晶体。合成过程中, 镁对氮化铝的形成起着积极的促进作用。     

Lanxide技术合成含烧结助剂的复合AlN粉体

高纯度的氮气中,以Al-Mg-Y合金为母合金,利用Lanxide技术合成了含烧结助剂Y2O3的复合AlN粉体.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、粒径分析及化学成分分析等检测手段对氮化产物进行表征.实验结果表明,合金氮化反应完全,氮化产物疏松易于粉化.粉化后获得的复合AlN粉体具有纯度高,氧杂质含量低,粒度细小等优点.     

电子束端面熔炼法制备高纯钨的研究

采用250 kW的电子束熔炼炉对纯度为99.955%的钨棒进行提纯研究,利用扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-MS)和微米压痕仪分别对原料钨棒和熔炼后钨锭的形貌、纯度和显微硬度进行观察和测试.研究表明:在电子束轰击原料钨棒的过程中,钨棒端面的边缘最先熔化;经电子束熔炼后,钨棒的整体纯度显著提高,达到了99.975%,间隙杂质O和C的脱除率分别达到55.5%和45.8%;非间隙杂质的蒸汽压与脱除率密切相关,高蒸汽压的杂质元素Cd、As、K、Mg脱除较为完全,其脱除率分别为95%、90%、75%和71.4%,在钨棒中含量分别降至1、1、5和10μg/g.     

Lanxide技术合成含烧结助剂的复合AIN粉体

高纯度的氮气中，以Al-Mg-Y合金为母合金，利用Lanxide技术合成了含烧结助剂Y2O3的复合AlN粉体。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、粒径分析及化学成分分析等检测手段对氮化产物进行表征。实验结果表明，合金氮化反应完全，氮化产物疏松易于粉化，粉化后获得的复合AlN粉体具有纯度高，氧杂质含量低，粒度细小等优点。     

AlN/CNT吸波陶瓷的制备及性能研究

研究了AlN/CNT复相陶瓷的致密化、热传导和介电性能,结果表明,采用SPS能够降低材料的烧结难度,促进AlN晶粒充分长大和氧杂质的去除,改善热导率,在Ka波段(26.5-40.0GHz),介电常数实部与烧结温度无关,虚部则由于高温烧结导致CNT结构坍塌而下降,适当的CNT量和烧结温度能够兼顾介电损耗、高热导率以及适中的介电常数。     

碳纤维布增强酚醛/碳化硅烧结合金的研究

为改善碳/碳复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,在碳布/液体酚醛中引入超细碳化硅(α-SiC)粉进行复合,并在高纯氮气保护下高温烧结,初步制成了碳布增强SiC/C共烧结合金材料。热分析表明,该新型材料在900℃高温下的热失重率比常规的碳/碳复合材料降低数十倍,经浸渍处理并高温烧结,烧结合金的密度、力学性能及高温抗氧化性能均有显着提高。本文较系统地考察了原料配比,成型工艺及浸渍处理对烧结合金亚微形态及宏观性能的影响规律。     

微波低温烧结制备氮化铝透明陶瓷

微波烧结(Microwave Sintering)是一种新型、高效的烧结技术, 具有传统烧结技术无可比拟的优越性. 本文在不添加任何烧结助剂的前提下, 采用高纯微米级氮化铝(AlN)粉, 在1700℃/2h的微波低温烧结工艺条件下制备出透明度较高的AlN透明陶瓷. 分析结果表明, 采用微波低温烧结工艺制备的AlN透明陶瓷晶粒尺寸细小(<10μm), 晶粒发育完善且分布均匀, 晶界平直光滑且无第二相分布, 从而证明用微波烧结可以实现AlN透明陶瓷的低温烧结.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.