利用极化SAR数据探索同极化相关特征随地表粗糙度变化的研究

利用冲积扇区域SIR-C全极化SAR数据深入研究了同极化相关特征与粗糙度之间的关系,经分析得出:(1)以圆极化右旋.左旋为正交基的同极化相关系数在粗糙度ks(k是入射波的波数,s是表面高度标准离差)＜0.5时,随ks的增大而减小;(2)仅考虑线性正交基,可以从同极化相关系数响应图中提取线性同极化相关系数曲线,该曲线的极值差或者标准差等代表该曲线平滑程度的参数可以在更大的范围内(ks＜1.2)随粗糙度ks的增大而近似线性地减小,因此能够更有效地反映粗糙度的变化;(3)水平-垂直正交基对应的同极化相位差平均值在ks＜1时,随粗糙度的增大而稳步减小.     

偏振状态下球形粒子的散射相位函数研究

本文根据散射相位函数的定义,得到了偏振状态下单个粒子散射相位函数的表达式,并且通过研究发现以下规律:1)粒子半径越小,极值差随散射角越趋向于对称分布;2)散射角在0～0.025π以及O.997π～π之间,散射相位函数随极化角基本不变;3)散射角在O.025π～0.997π之间,散射相位函数随极化角变化明显.同时比较了偏振状态下多粒子和单粒子散射相位函数随散射角和极化角的分布.最后从大气中光传输理论出发,建立了非偏振状态与偏振状态下散射相位函数的关系,为大气散射回波功率测量以及近似散射相位函数的研究提供参考.     

中子散射在新型磁性材料研究中的应用

简单介绍了中子散射在具有一级晶格和磁相变的新型磁制冷材料和具有庞磁致电阻材料中的一些研究进展.中子散射结果表明,在NaZn13型稀土铁基化合物中,晶格与磁性之间存在明显的耦合,这种耦合可能是该体系中大的磁熵变的来源;在CMR(Colossal Magnetoresistant)锰氧化物中,极化中子衍射证明3d电子的轨道分布与Jahn-Teller效应、磁有序等密切相关,并在该体系中,首次测量到纳米尺度的磁性材料中的自旋波.     

AZ61镁合金在不同pH值溶液中腐蚀行为研究

采用动电位极化扫描的方法研究了AZ61镁合金在水溶液中的腐蚀溶解行为,并用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对表面形貌和元素组成进行了观察和分析.结果表明,随着扫描电位的增大,镁合金依次经历阴极极化区、钝化区和阳极极化区.在阴极极化区,极化电流密度随极化电位的增大而减小;钝化区极化电流密度接近零,镁合金几乎不被腐蚀(氧化和溶解);在阳极极化区极化电流密度随极化电位的增大迅速增大,镁合金的溶解氧化与表面析氢加剧.而随着溶液pH值的升高,镁合金的腐蚀溶解及析氢速度降低,能谱分析显示,表面生成的Mg(OH)2覆盖膜,在酸性、中性和弱碱性溶液中,Mg(OH)2不能稳定存在;当溶液的pH值高于10后,Mg(OH)2是完全热力学稳定的,镁合金的钝化区电位范围随之变宽.     

极化分解与子孔径分析相结合的极化SAR图像分类

本文提出了一种极化SAR图像分类的新方法,该方法将传统极化分解与子孔径分析结合起来.首先将全分辨率极化SAR图像分解成几个子孔径图像,利用子孔径分析对两类非平稳目标进行检测,得到场景中的非平稳目标.然后对全分辨率图像的相干矩阵进行特征分解,得到熵(H)和α角两个参数,并在H-α平面上对地面目标进行分类;最后,将非平稳目标检测结果与H/α分类结果结合起来,对极化SAR图像进行更为精细的分类.仿真结果表明,本文提出的方法取得了更好的分类效果.     

干旱和复水对冬小麦光合产物分配格局的影响

于2005—2006年在中国科学院封丘农田生态实验站研究了不同水分处理下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其动态。实验设全生育期干旱处理和充分供水处理以及干旱后拔节期、孕穗期、开花期复水处理。结果显示：不同生育期复水对冬小麦由于干旱胁迫引起的生物量下降有补偿作用;干旱和复水能改变器官水平上光合产物的分配格局;干旱胁迫引起叶、穗分配降低,并使茎、叶鞘和根分配指数上升;拔节期复水使叶光合产物分配指数增加、茎分配指数下降;孕穗期和开花期复水能提高光合产物在茎和穗中的分配;不同时期复水对干旱胁迫引起的产量下降均有不同程度的补偿作用,拔节期复水主要提高小麦单株穗数、孕穗期和开花期复水以提高千粒重为主。     

用SIR-C航天飞机双频极化干涉雷达估计植被高度的方法研究

基于重复轨道航天飞机SIR—C的L和C波段极化干涉雷达数据,提出了一种将三阶段反演方法(Three—Stage Inversion)和ESPRIT(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques)算法相结合的新的相位基植被高度估计方法。首先,基于L波段极化干涉数据,用三阶段反演方法获取植被覆盖地表下地形有效散射中心的相位;接着,基于c波段极化干涉数据,用ESPRIT算法估计植被冠层有效散射中心的相位;最后,对二者的相位差进行相位到高度的转换得到植被的高度。根据研究区域的实测林相数据,对该算法估计的植被高度结果进行了比较和验证,结果表明：该方法具有足够高的植被高度估计精度,如果能得到P和X波段的双频极化干涉雷达数据,该方法估计植被高度的精度将会得到进一步的提高。     

一种相控阵雷达天线极化特征的外场测试方法

为了解决相控阵雷达天线极化特征的外场测量问题,研究了极化的幅相测量法和斜天线测试场的布局方法,设计了基于双通道接收技术的相控阵雷达天线极化特征的一种外场测试方法。给出了应用该种方法的测量装置、测量布局、测量内容、测量步骤,分析了测量误差。该种测试方法在相控阵雷达天线极化特征测试任务中得到成功应用,为某武器系统的研制提供了准确的测量数据和宝贵的研究资料。     

平面电磁波在非均匀等离子体柱上的散射研究

基于微分形式的麦克斯韦方程组,采用严格两点边值方法求解等离子体柱对入射平面波的散射问题.结合柱约束空间径向非均匀等离子体分布特征推导电磁波散射系数的数学模型,计算了不同入射波频率、等离子体频率、等离子体碰撞频率条件下散射场的分布.结果表明:电磁波的散射场由等离子体特征参数、入射波频率及极化方式共同决定;等离子体碰撞频率对平行极化波的散射场分布影响较大.     

银纳米球阵列的局域表面等离子体特性研究北大核心CSCD

基于金属纳米颗粒的光散射理论,利用时域有限差分法计算了Ag纳米球阵列不同结构参数下的散射光谱、吸收光谱及散射效率,分析了Ag纳米球阵列在共振波长下的极化电场和极化电荷分布情况,讨论了Ag纳米球阵列的局域表面等离子体(LSP)对GaN基LED发光效率增加的机理。结果表明,随着间距的减小,Ag纳米球阵列LSP的散射峰逐渐呈双模分布,且位于长波段的散射峰蓝移;随着Ag纳米球直径的增大,LSP的共振波长红移且散射效率增大。当LSP的共振波长与LED辐射光波长相匹配时,Ag纳米球阵列的LSP与LED辐射光发生耦合作用,在一定条件下,部分耦合的能量辐射到自由空间,增大LED的内量子效率。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.