圆筒式磁流变离合器的设计分析

磁流变离合器是通过磁流变液的剪切应力传递转矩的器件.本文建立了圆筒式磁流变离合器的几何设计方法,得到了磁流变液传递的转矩和两圆筒间能产生磁流变效应的最小间隙的设计计算公式,为离合器的几何设计奠定了理论基础.研究结果表明:转矩可由外加磁场连续控制;选择磁饱和时高屈服应力和零磁场时低粘度的磁流变液材料,能使设计的离合器的尺寸小而紧凑.     

磁流变液的流体动力学理论

在外加磁场作用下,磁流变液从牛顿流体变成了Bingham体,超过屈服应力开始流动,其的流变性(弹性、塑性、粘性)、磁化性、导电性、传热性以及其它的机械性质和物理学性质皆发生显著的改变.研究磁流变液在外加磁场作用下,流场分布规律随磁场强度变化的动态特性,建立磁流变液的流体动力学理论,对开发和设计磁流变器械至关重要.本文运用物理学和流体力学的基本理论,结合本构方程,考虑磁场对磁流变液的流动的影响,建立了磁流变液力磁耦合的流体动力学模型,给出了描述磁流变液流动的基本方程组.     

基础油对羰基铁磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机,在有外加磁场和无外加磁场条件下,考察了基础油对羰基铁磁流变液的摩擦系数的影响,记录了试验时间内摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线.结果表明,在较低载荷下,基础油的运动黏度值与磁流变液的流变性能有直接关系;基础油的摩擦性能决定了磁流变液的摩擦性能.     

磁场作用下磁流变液剪切性能的实验分析

本文研究了磁流变液的力学性能,制备了羰基铁粉体积分数为20%的硅油基磁流变液,观察了磁流变液在磁场作用下的微观变化,测试了磁流变液的剪切性能。实验表明,无磁场作用下,磁流变液为牛顿流体;在磁场作用下,随着剪切速率的增加,剪切应力趋于稳定,表观粘度呈现指数式下降,磁流变液具有剪切稀化效应,符合广义Bingham模型。磁流变液剪切应力和外加电流的依赖关系为:在电流较小时,剪切应力表现为指数增长,指数值约为1.5;随着外加电流的增大,剪切应力表现为线性增长,最终达到稳定值。     

基于双粘本构模型的汽车磁流变液减振器阻尼特性分析

将磁流变液在环形阻尼通道的流动简化为无限宽平板间的准稳态流动,建立了磁流变液平板准静态流动方程,利用磁流变液的双粘本构模型、边界条件和相容条件,得出了磁流变液速度分布,并分析了不同粘度比对磁流变液的流动速度分布的影响,在给定活塞速度和环形通道的几何尺寸条件下,对汽车磁流变减振器的阻尼特性进行理论预测,并研究了磁流变液减振器的双粘阻尼特性.按照长安之星微型汽车前悬架的技术要求,设计和制作了微型汽车磁流变减振器,在山川减振器公司对此进行了台架试验研究,试验结果表明应用所提出的理论分析模型和设计原理是可行的.     

无源自适应磁流变阻尼器的磁场设计与研究

针对常规的磁流变阻尼器需要外加线圈,对能源具有依赖性、体积庞大、结构复杂的问题,设计了无源自适应磁流变阻尼器的磁场结构.该磁路由永磁体提供磁场,利用超磁致伸缩逆效应,把阻尼器受到的负载力的变化转化为超磁致伸缩材料相对磁导率的变化,进而使磁流变液处的磁场发生变化.利用磁场有限元方法验证了磁路的正确性.应用该磁路结构到阻尼...     

电场磁场对电流变液体减振器性能影响的研究

由于电流变液和磁流变液具有良好的可控性能和力学性能而在工程上具有广阔的应用前景.本文将其用于环形间隙通道外置的双缸电流变液体减振器.同时,对电流变液减振器在同时外加电场和垂直磁场作用下阻尼力的变化进行了理论研究和台架实验研究.结果表明,在外加电场和垂直磁场作用下,电流变效应得到加强,改善了减振器的示功特性.     

磁流变液导电性能研究

磁流变液的安全性是其应用推广的重要保障,对磁流变液导电特性（绝缘特性）的研究有着重要意义。实验的目的是测量出磁流变液的阻值随磁场变化规律,并分析其导电性能。设计制作了磁流变液电阻,该电阻是上下底面为金属的圆柱体容器,容器内装满磁流变液。在外加磁场作用下,由于两金属极板间的磁流变液的磁性颗粒连接成链,使极板间的导电性能发生变化,从而导致电阻减小。推导出了电阻表达式,表明与实验结果相符。     

磁流变弹性体的动态压缩性能

制备了聚氨酯基磁流变弹性体,并构建了一种压缩性能的实验装置,对磁流变弹性体的动态压缩性能进行了系统的研究.采用激振的方法,建立了磁流变弹性体的动态力学性能的理论模型,提出了磁流变效应的计算方法.分别研究了预压缩、激励振幅、激励频率、外加磁场对磁流变效应的影响.结果表明,磁流变弹性体的磁流变效应随着外加磁场、激励振幅的增...     

磁流变阻尼器管道流动特性研究

磁流变阻尼器是一种应用广泛的磁流变器件,其利用磁流变液独特的磁流变效应的工作.然而,磁流变体阻尼器设计中,一般地将磁流变液作为粘性流体建立流动的力学模型,进行流动分析以及参数设计,这样设计的结果与实测出现了较大的误差.本文将磁流变体作为一种粘塑性流体,建立了描述磁流变液流动的力学场和电磁场耦合的流体动力学基本方程组,分析研究了磁流变阻尼器沿狭长管道流动的特征,为磁流变阻尼器的设计提供了可靠的理论基础.     

磁流变液减振器的磁路设计方法研究

针对传统的磁流变减振器磁场利用率不高的问题,提出了一种基于多级径向流动模式的磁流变减振器。以磁流变液作为控制介质,研究其流变学特性与磁化特性;选择相应的软磁材料,利用多项式描述其磁化特性,并辨识相应的参数。根据动态磁路设计理论,建立磁路分析模型,确定工作间隙内磁感应强度与励磁线圈激励电流的理论关系。为了验证理论推导的正确性,利用有限元分析软件对阻尼调节器内的磁路进行仿真,并按照轨道车辆抗蛇行减振器的技术要求,设计制作了基于多级径向流动模式的磁流变减振器,利用型号为A1322ELHLT-T3的霍尔传感器对其工作间隙的磁感应强度进行检测,与理论结果进行对比分析。     

基于非凸本构模型的磁流变流体圆管流动分析

采用了基于唯象相变理论的非凸本构关系,对圆管中磁流变流体的层流运动进行了分析。所采用的本构关系能模拟磁流变流体特有的剪切力-应变率关系中的滞回特性。通过分析,建立了圆管层流的流速分布函数,同时对圆管层流的流量进行了计算,给出了固定磁场强度时的压力-流量特性曲线。对分别采用的非凸本构模型和宾汉本构模型的流速和流量公式用数值分析的方法进行了比较,验证了非凸本构模型的优点。     

面向轨道车辆抗蛇行振动的磁流变脂阻尼器设计与台架测试

针对磁流变液阻尼器存在磁场利用率不高和磁流变液沉降导致控制特性劣化的问题,提出一种基于多级径向流动模式的磁流变脂阻尼器方案,将磁流变脂的多级径向流动分解为源流与汇流的对称组合,建立了磁流变脂径向流动的分析模型。利用磁流变脂微单元平衡得出了磁流变脂尊静态径向流动微分方程,采用磁流变脂双粘度本构模型和无滑动边界条件,导出了磁流变脂径向流动速度分布函数和径向压力梯度分布函数。绘制了磁流变脂在不同半径处流动速度分布图,得到了磁流变脂阻尼器的阻尼力计算方法。按照轨道车辆抗蛇行减振器的技术要求,设计制作了基于多级径向流动模式的磁流变脂阻尼器样机,利用J95-I型油压减振器试验台对其示功特性进行了测试,结果表明在不同激励电流下的磁流变脂阻尼器理论示功特性与实验示功特性能较好吻合。     

Testing steady and transient velocity scalings in a silo

Gravity-driven discharge experiments were performed in a perspex 3D flat bottomed silo which was filled with a granular material, and had a variable discharge orifice size. The granular material used was amaranth seed with an average diameter of 1?mm. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis was performed on a high-speed video recording of the discharge, and used to quantify the velocity field within the silo both at steady state and during the development of flow. We verified not only that the steady-state velocity of the granules in the silo scales with the flow rate, but, additionally, the transition to a steady-state regime is also rate-controlled by the volumetric discharge. We present evidence that, away from the discharge orifice, the flow behaves identically, regardless of the orifice diameter, in a scaled time. We discuss these results with reference to the physics and mathematical modelling of granular flows.     

结构化流道近壁区软性磨粒流流动仿真及实验研究

为了揭示结构化流道近壁区软性磨粒流的压力场及速度场的分布规律,有效预测其软性磨粒流的材料去除特性,采用VOF多相流模型和RNG 湍流模型,通过对结构化流道的结构进行合理的网格划分和特殊边界条件设置,对结构化流道内部的软性磨粒流流动进行数值模拟。仿真结果表明：不同的软性磨粒流入口位置对工件加工会产生影响;结构化流道中软性磨粒流的压力场、速度场和软性磨粒流的去除率随着加工区域位置的不同而不同;加工区域入口区域的压力、速度值存在突变,为此在实际加工用引入了引流模块。流场数值模拟和实验研究结果趋势是一致的,数值模拟为深入研究软性磨粒流的基本规律提供一种理论工具     

Steady-state flow of compressible rigid–viscoplastic media

Computational methods for modeling steady-state flow of compressible rigid viscoplastic fluids are proposed. The constitutive equation used captures the combined effects of high-strain rate and high-pressure on the behavior of porous materials.A mixed finite-element and finite-volume strategy is developed. Specifically, the variational inequality for the velocity field is discretized using the finite element method and a finite volume method is adopted for the hyperbolic mass conservation equation. To solve the velocity problem a decomposition–coordination formulation coupled with the augmented lagrangian method is used. This approach is accurate in detecting the viscoplastic regions and permit us to handle the locking medium condition.The proposed numerical method is then applied to model the penetration of a rigid projectile into cementitious targets. The numerical model accurately describes the density changes around the projectile, the stress field, as well as the shape and location of the deformation zone (viscoplastic region) in the target.     

内旁通式磁流变阻尼器及其准静态流动分析

基于磁流变阻尼器的3种工作模式,本文提出内旁通式磁流变阻尼器工作模式,并对其进行了准静态流动分析.内旁通式磁流变阻尼器由内、外两通道组成,其中内通道受外加磁场的控制,而外通道则处于常通状态.内旁通式阻尼器有助于克服活塞换向时产生的运动空程现象,并简化磁流变阻尼器的设计.     

基于圆筒剪切模式的磁流变脂流变学特性检测方法与装置

针对现有测试装置剪切率低且难以使磁流变脂达到磁饱和的问题,提出了一种基于同心圆筒双边剪切模式的磁流变脂流变学特性检测方法,分析了剪切通道中磁流变脂在转子作用下的剪切流动特性与剪切应力分布,建立了磁流变脂传递力矩与剪切应力的理论关系,得出了由传递力矩导出标称剪切应力的近似算法;通过建立剪切率与剪切应力之间的函数关系,利用剪切通道中磁流变脂的平衡微分方程和流动边界条件,得出了由转子角速度导出磁流变脂标称剪切率近似算法;通过实验方法研究了剪切通道平均磁通密度与励磁电流的关系;设计与制作了磁流变脂检测装置,并利用磁流变脂检测装置完成了某典型磁流变脂检测,使磁流变脂的剪切率达到2000s~(-1)、磁通密度超过0.6T,测试结果与其它检测装置检测结果能较好吻合.     

Modeling transient magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic pumping of electroconductive viscoelastic fluids through a deformable curved channel

A mathematical model is presented to analyze the unsteady peristaltic flow of magnetized viscoelastic fluids through a deformable curved channel. The study simulates the bio-inspired pumping of electroconductive rheological polymers which possess both electroconductive and viscoelastic properties. The Jeffrey viscoelastic model is utilized which features both relaxation and retardation terms of relevance to real polymers. A magnetic body force is incorporated for the influence of static radial magnetic field. The mass and momentum conservation equations are formulated in an intrinsic coordinate system and transformed with appropriate variables into a nondimensional system between the wave and the laboratory frames, under lubrication (i.e., low Reynolds number and long wavelength) approximations. Kinematic and no-slip boundary conditions are imposed at the channel walls. A magnetic body force is incorporated for the influence of static radial magnetic field in the primary momentum equation. An analytic approach is employed to determine closed-form solutions for stream function, axial pressure gradient, and volumetric flow rate. Spatiotemporal plots for pressure distribution along the channel (passage) length are presented to study the influences of curvature parameter, relaxation-to-retardation time ratio (Jeffrey first viscoelastic parameter) and Hartmann number (magnetic field parameter). The effects of these parameters on radial velocity distributions are also visualized. Cases of trapping and reflux in a curved channel are discussed. Streamline distributions are included to study trapping phenomena and to investigate more closely the impact of curvature, magnetic field, and viscoelastic properties on bolus evolution. The reflux or retrograde motion of the particles is studied by particle advection based on Lagrangian viewpoint. The simulations provide new insight into the mechanisms of pumping of electroconductive non-Newtonian liquids in realistic geometries.     

Pulsating flow of a couple stress fluid in a channel with permeable walls

The paper is concerned with an analytical study of the oscillatory flow of a couple stress fluid in a channel, bounded by two permeable walls. The couple stress fluid is considered to be injected into the medium through one of the walls with a given velocity and to be sucked off by the other wall with an equal velocity. The problem is solved by using a perturbation technique. Analytical expressions for the velocity and volumetric flow rate are derived for the oscillatory flow of the couple stress fluid flowing in the channel. By using the method of parametric variation, distribution of the velocity of the couple stress fluid, change in velocity profiles at different instants of time, change in volumetric flow rate with change in frequency and cross-flow Reynolds number are computed, by considering an illustrative example. The study reveals that both the velocity and the volumetric flow rate are quite sensitive to the couple stress parameter, the frequency of oscillation and also to the cross-flow Reynolds number. The study will be immensely useful in resolving different problems associated with oil industries.