空心双拐曲轴加载路径优化与成形规律

目的研究加载路径对空心双拐曲轴成形效果的影响。方法基于有限元分析软件,对304不锈钢双拐曲轴内高压胀形工艺进行有限元仿真,分析了加载路径对双拐曲轴胀形高度与壁厚的影响,并对开裂、起皱等缺陷产生的原因进行分析,最后,根据数值模拟结果,对双拐曲轴进行实际成形试验,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果进行对比。结果成形压力小于20 MPa时,管坯产生起皱;成形压力大于60 MPa时,管坯产生开裂。通过试验获得了壁厚分布均匀的双拐曲轴零件,并且数值模拟结果和试验结果基本一致。结论轴向进给大、内压不足容易导致过渡圆角处起皱;轴向进给小、内压过大容易导致拐部顶端开裂。只有设置合理的加载路径才能成形出壁厚均匀性好,胀形高度达到要求的双拐曲轴。     

变径管内高压成形的厚度分界圆

为了研究变径管内高压成形过程中工艺参数和管坯几何尺寸对壁厚分布的影响,通过力学分析和全量本构方程,推导出变径管内高压成形厚度分界圆的解析公式.该公式反映了摩擦系数、膨胀系数、管端轴向应力与内压之比、送料区相对长度、管坯相对壁厚、零件过渡锥角等参数与厚度分界圆相对位置之间的定量关系,并与数值模拟规律一致.研究表明:随着摩擦系数、管端轴向应力与内压之比、送料区相对长度的增加,壁厚不变的厚度分界圆距离管端越来越近,即膨胀区壁厚减薄区域是越来越大的;而随着管坯相对壁厚的增加,壁厚不变的厚度分界圆距离管端越来越远,即膨胀区壁厚减薄区域是越来越小的.     

带壁厚偏差管坯液压胀形加载路径的研究

建立了带壁厚偏差管坯液压胀形的力学模型,揭示了不同轴向应力状态下壁厚偏差对管坯成形的影响规律,给出了带壁厚偏差管坯液压胀形加载路径设计的标准。针对某重型卡车桥壳预成形管坯的液压胀形工艺,进行了3种不同壁厚偏差管坯在不同典型加载路径下的有限元模拟,结果表明:内压升高至最大保持恒定,管坯薄壁侧均在合模前发生开裂且薄壁侧与厚壁侧变形差异较大;内压先升高后降低,管坯厚壁侧均失稳形成褶皱且薄壁侧与厚壁侧变形差异较小;内压先升高后降低再升高时,管坯均成形且符合工艺要求,确定了适用于带壁厚偏差管坯液压胀形的加载路径。在专用液压机上进行了液压胀形试验,试验结果与数值模拟所得规律一致。     

薄壁罐气压胀形参数优化研究

为提高金属薄壁罐气压胀形的成形质量,减少壁厚减薄严重及皱折破裂等成形缺陷,采用数值模拟的方法,分析了摩擦因数、模具圆角半径、坯料厚度、胀形压力对壁厚减薄率、最大应力值、轴向收缩的影响规律,试验验证与数值模拟结果吻合。研究结果对工艺优化和过程控制具有实用意义。     

板料粘性介质胀形、聚氨酯以及钢凸模胀形的实验研究

采用胀形实验,对比研究了3种不同粘性介质胀形、粘性介质与聚氨酯及钢凸模胀形,以及在不同反向压力下粘性介质胀形对板料成形性能的影响.结果表明,采用粘性介质作为成形过程软凸模比聚氨酯和钢凸模具有较低的厚度减薄量和更均匀的壁厚分布,因此更能提高板料的成形性.     

三旋轮缩旋时金属变形规律研究

利用三旋轮自动错距旋压机对管坯进行缩旋成形实验,分别研究了缩径量和旋压道次等工艺参数对缩旋成形的影响规律,并探讨了其变形机理,结果表明,三旋轮缩旋时变形区坯料的壁厚减薄,轴向长度增加,壁厚减薄量与总的缩径量成正比,在缩径量相同的条件下,旋压道次增多,坯料壁厚减薄的程度也增大。     

加载路径对扭力梁内高压成形壁厚分布和精度的影响

为研究加载路径(内压力和轴向补料的匹配关系)对扭力梁内高压成形的影响,通过数值模拟和试验研究的方法,研究了不同加载路径对局部截面壁厚分布和管件成形精度的影响规律.研究发现:当补料初始压力过低时,在端部区域起皱;当补料初始压力过高时,补料全部集中在端部区域;当补料量过小时,壁厚改善不明显;补料量过大时,端部区域起皱.研究结果表明:初始压力为30 MPa,补料量15 mm时为合理加载路径,此时内高压成形件壁厚减薄较小,成形精度较高.     

采用PVC介质的三通管挤胀成形数值模拟

以非线性显式有限元分析软件ABAQUAS为数值模拟平台。建立以PVC为压力介质的三通管胀形的有限元模型,通过对采用介质胀形和内高压胀形的结果对比,表明采用介质胀形可使管件壁厚减薄更缓慢,壁厚分布更均匀,最终得到更大的支管长度。     

外压成形试验装置及成形特征研究

设计制造了管材外压成形试验装置,在该装置上实现了管材外侧的高压密封和内部芯模的拆装.采用碳钢管进行了薄壁空心花键件的外压成形试验研究,利用液体介质在管坯外部建立静水压力,使坯料横截面缩小并成形到置于其内部的芯模上,从而获得了空心花键形状的试验件.试验反映了外压成形压力较低、壁厚分布较均匀的特点,所获得的成形件内表面形状与芯模的外表面形状基本一致,同时,成形中不同键位管壁失稳的随机性,对成形件壁厚分布有一定影响.     

加载路径对不锈钢球形件内高压成形过程影响

为了研究加载路径对不锈钢球形件内高压成形过程的影响,采用实验方法分析了加载路径对成形过程中缺陷形式的影响,获得了80%膨胀率成形管件的壁厚分布规律.结果表明:当初始内压与屈服强度比值小于0.21时,管坯形成两个皱纹,在整形阶段发生开裂;当初始内压与屈服强度比值大于0.25时,管坯在轴向进给阶段即发生开裂.在初始内压与屈服强度比值为0.21～0.25时,可以成形出合格管件,合格管件最大减薄点位于球形件的最大截面处,最大减薄率为24.5%.本文所成形不锈钢球形件内高压成形区间,合理初始内压与屈服强度比值范围为0.21～0.25.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.