采用粘弹性分数导数模型的橡胶隔振器动态特性的建模及应用

橡胶隔振器的动态特性与激振振幅及激振频率相关。给出一个可以表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振振幅及激振频率相关性的模型,其中,用摩擦力模型表征其动态特性与振幅的相关性,用分数导数粘弹性模型表征其动态特性与频率的相关性。计算分析了所建立的模型与目前广泛采用的两种描述橡胶隔振器动态特性模型(基于Maxwell的模型和粘性阻尼模型)在表征其与激振振幅及激振频率的相关性;使用分数导数和Kelvin-Voigt模型时,计算分析了一个含有橡胶隔振器的单自由度振动系统的自由振动和阶跃激励的时域响应。计算结果表明:采用分数导数模型能更加准确地描述橡胶隔振器的动态特性,建立的模型可以用于含有橡胶隔振器的振动系统的动态特性分析。     

基于超弹性、分数导数和摩擦模型的碳黑填充橡胶隔振器动态建模

碳黑填充橡胶隔振器（以下简称＂橡胶隔振器＂）的动态特性与预载、激振频率和激振振幅相关。实验测试了一橡胶隔振器的动态特性,建立了基于超弹性、分数导数和摩擦模型的橡胶隔振器动态特性的非线性模型,其中超弹性模型用于描述橡胶隔振器的弹性,分数导数模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性的激振频率相关性,摩擦模型用于表征橡胶隔振器动态特性与激振振幅相关的特性,文中论述了建模方法和参数辨识方法。有限元分析获得橡胶隔振器的静态力-位移曲线,利用测试得到的橡胶隔振器在大振幅、低频激励下的力-位移关系,拟合得到橡胶隔振器动态模型中摩擦模型的参数,利用测试得到的橡胶隔振器在小振幅、高频激励下的力-位移关系,拟合得到橡胶隔振器动态模型中分数导数模型的参数。利用建立的模型和拟合得到的参数计算分析了橡胶隔振器动态特性的振幅相关性、频率相关性和预载相关性,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,建立的模型可以较好的描述橡胶隔振器的动态特性。     

变振幅激励下的液阻橡胶隔振器动态特性分析

实验测试了一典型液压衬套的动态特性,验证了其振幅相关性与频率相关性的耦合关系。基于网格叠加方法,建立了超弹性-粘弹性-弹塑性叠加的橡胶隔振器粘弹塑性材料模型。分别使用超弹性-粘弹性模型（VE模型）和超弹性-粘弹性-弹塑性模型（VEP模型）计算液压衬套橡胶主簧动态特性,并对计算结果进行了对比,对比结果显示使用VEP模型有助于准确表达橡胶主簧在不同振幅下对液压衬套动态特性的贡献;阐述了橡胶液压衬套的流-固耦合建模方法,将VE模型和VEP模型应用于液压衬套动态特性的流-固耦合计算分析,对比结果显示,VEP模型更能表现液压衬套的振幅相关性和频率相关性的耦合特征。文中所采用的方法可有效指导液阻橡胶隔振器的前期开发设计。     

聚氨酯隔振器非线性力学模型与特性研究

结合聚氨酯隔振器和简单形状试样的静态和动态试验结果,建立了由弹簧、阻尼器和摩擦元件等多组机械元件所构成的聚氨酯隔振器"非线性广义模型"",试验分析了不同激振振幅、激振频率和预加载情况下的隔振器静动态特性,研究了聚氨酯隔振器的弹性、弹塑性和粘弹性特点,分析和验证了它们对隔振器静动态特性的影响。采用非线性广义模型分析法来研究隔振器的力学模型,物理概念清晰,能够比较直观、简洁、全面地描述隔振器的性能特点,可推广应用于其他类型隔振器。     

含有橡胶隔振器振动系统时域响应的测试与计算分析

建立了基于超弹性、分数导数和摩擦模型的炭黑填充橡胶隔振器（以下简称“橡胶隔振器”）动态特性的非线性模掣，用于描述橡胶隔振器的动态特性与预载、频率及振幅的相关性，模型的参数由橡胶隔振器动态特性的实验数据辨识得到：实测了在随机位移激励和阶跃位移激励下，含有橡胶隔振器的单自由度系统中质量块的时域响应；建立了在不同的激励下，含有橡胶隔振器的单自由度系统中质量块响应的求解方法，对一实际的系统进行了计算分析，与实验值进行的对比分析结果表明，所建立的模型和预测含有橡胶隔振器振动系统中质量块时域响应的力法，可以用于含有橡胶隔振器的复杂系统的时域响应分析。     

橡胶阻尼式扭转减振器固有频率计算与测试方法的研究EI北大核心CSCD

设计了橡胶试片静动态剪切特性实验夹具,测试得到了橡胶试片在不同压缩比下的静动态剪切特性。建立了表征橡胶试片静动态剪切特性的Kelvin-Voigt本构模型、Maxwell本构模型和分数导数本构模型,提出了由实验测得的橡胶试片剪切特性曲线来识别各模型参数的方法。给出了基于这3种本构模型计算橡胶阻尼式扭转减振器固有频率的方法,计算了一扭转减振器固有频率,并与测试值进行对比。结果表明:基于Kelvin-Voigt模型计算得到的固有频率不随激振振幅的变化而变化,不能表征振幅相关性,而Maxwell模型和分数导数模型计算固有频率能表征振幅相关性。大振幅激励时,利用Maxwell模型计算的固有频率与实测值的误差较大;在各种激励振幅下,利用分数导数模型可较准确计算出减振器的固有频率。     

小振幅谐波位移激励下橡胶减振元件动态特性计算方法的研究

对基于超弹性-粘弹性模型计算橡胶隔振器动态特性的方法进行了研究.阐述了频域粘弹性理论及材料粘弹性参数的获取方法.使用简单剪切动态实验获得了材料的粘弹性参数,结合原有的超弹性模型参数,建立橡胶的超弹性-粘弹性模型,并将该模型应用于简单剪切试件的动态特性计算,计算与实验的对比结果表明:经过静态误差系数修正后的简单剪切试件动态特性与实验值误差较小,且不受超弹性模型的影响.以一悬架橡胶衬套为例,针对不同衬套的缩径量,对橡胶衬套的静、动态特性进行了计算和比较.文中所述的方法将有助于橡胶减振产品的动态特性预测.     

橡胶隔振器非线性动力学模型理论与实验研究

基于静态压缩实验、广义胡克定律和应变能密度推导了描述橡胶超弹性的本构关系,进而获得了橡胶隔振器静态刚度模型;在此基础上,提出基于动态激振实验的动态刚度模型,该模型由橡胶隔振器静态刚度、位移系数和频率系数组成。在此基础上,对单自由度质量-隔振器系统进行数值仿真和实验测试,二者获得的系统的固有频率基本吻合,验证了所提出的橡胶隔振器动力学模型的正确性。研究结果为获得橡胶隔振器静、动态刚度模型提供了简洁、实用的思路,并为研究含有隔振器的动力系统的动力学特性提供了理论基础。     

基于叠加模型的橡胶元件动态特性分析

基于模型叠加理论,针对橡胶元件的动态特性开展研究。采用时间—步长法,在MATLAB中建立了一维多参数橡胶叠加本构模型。模型由弹性单元、黏弹单元和弹塑单元并联构成。黏弹单元采用Able黏壶,用于表征橡胶元件的频率依赖性;弹塑单元采用多线性理想弹塑模型,用于表征橡胶元件的振幅依赖性。对比测试结果表明:在计算谐波激励下橡胶弹簧的受力时,力—位移迟滞曲线的计算结果与测试数据能很好地吻合,刚度频率振幅依赖性和阻尼频率依赖性能被较好的表征。在计算随机激励下橡胶隔振器的受力时,高频激励下的计算结果与测试数据能较好地吻合,低频激励下有一定程度的偏差,但计算精度在工程可接受范围之内。提出的叠加模型能较好的表征橡胶元件的动态特性,能够提高动力学模型的准确性。     

橡胶隔振器高频动态特性的计算方法

该文采用一种由Mooney-Rivlin模型和多个Maxwell模型叠加组成的非线性粘弹性本构模型,用于计算橡胶隔振器的高频动态特性。该文给出了在时域和频域范围内拟合本构模型中粘弹性参数的方法,利用拟合得到的本构模型参数,对某款橡胶悬置跨点动态特性进行计算,并与实验结果进行对比。该文还建立了橡胶隔振器等效力学模型,分析了原点动刚度和跨点动刚度的区别,分析表明:使用跨点动态特性测试法可消除测试中附加惯性力的影响,适用于橡胶隔振器高频动特性的测试;同时,该文搭建了橡胶隔振器有限元模型,分别用于分析其跨点动刚度与原点动刚度,并将分析结果与实验结果进行对比,分析结果验证了有限元模型和力学模型的正确性。除此之外,该文还分析对比了时域（松弛、蠕变）和频域（简谐动态试验）拟合粘弹性参数方法的优缺点。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.