基于弯曲模态的板形直线超声电机结构设计

板形直线超声电机因具有扁平化结构等特点,特别适用于电机安置空间狭窄的直线驱动场合。针对狭窄空间作动需求,提出一种单模态、大推力直线超声电机。电机由导轨和板形定子组成,定子由平面内两个垂直放置的矩形板联接构成L形结构,驱动足位于联接部顶端。电机利用两矩形板弯曲振动所形成的对称和反对称模态驱动导轨运动,并通过切换对称和反对称模态实现导轨正反向运动。通过定子模态分析,研究结构参数对振型的影响,以确定夹持和压电陶瓷片的安置位置;针对对称模态下驱动足处振幅过小问题,分析前端盖开槽对驱动足处振幅的影响规律,并通过开圆弧形槽增加驱动足处振幅。制作样机,并开展实验研究。实验表明:该电机结构简单紧凑、运行稳定且推力大,最大空载速度为329 mm/s,最大推力为70 N,推重比达38. 2。     

双十字压电振子同型弯振模态驱动的平面超声电机

为了丰富平面超声电机的型式,提出一种双十字压电振子同型弯振模态驱动的平面超声电机。利用双十字压电振子的纵杆面内、面外弯振耦合以及横杆面内、面外弯振耦合,分别在两杆的驱动足上合成沿xoz、yoz面行进的两相椭圆轨迹,以交替地推动动子沿x、y向移动。分析了该平面超声电机的驱动机理,并推导出两相椭圆轨迹方程。建立了双十字压电振子机电耦合模型,对其三相工作模态的振型进行仿真分析,并在结构优化的基础上实现了三相工作模态频率一致,使它们分别为43 468,43 552和43 569 Hz。仿真了双十字压电振子的频响特性并实现了干扰模态分离,当驱动电压为250 V时,驱动足x、y、z向振幅分别为1.3,0.8和0.9 μm,满足电机驱动要求。模拟得到定频激励下双十字压电振子驱动足的两相椭圆运动轨迹,验证了所设计平面超声电机驱动机理的有效性。该平面超声电机可输出较大速度与动力,具有广阔的应用前景。     

双足驱动双压电晶片直线超声波电机运行机理研究

研究新型直线超声波电机运行机理,采用双压电晶片及双足驱动结构,具有结构简单、无需频率简并、易于小型化等优点。详述其结构、振形特点及工作机理。建立电机定子振动响应有限元模型,给出输入阻抗计算方法。用已建模型计算获得定子驱动足接触点在谐振频率点附近振幅,推导驱动足接触点运动轨迹。通过实测定子阻抗特性将所得结果与理论分析进行比较。     

单相斜轨塔形直线超声电机设计与实验

对一种理论斜直线运动轨迹的单相驱动双向运动的直线超声电机进行了理论及实验研究.该电机由塔形定子和倾斜一定角度安装的导轨组成,定子的两个正交工作模态为y-z面内对称振动模态和x-z面内弯振模态,分别对应电机的正反运动方向,利用在工作模态下定子驱动足表面质点相对于导轨的理论斜直线运动来驱动导轨运动.分析了电机的工作原理,推导了电机运行的导轨倾角范围,研制了样机,并进行了模态实验和机械特性实验.实验表明:在导轨倾斜角为35°、激励电压500 Vp-p、预压力4.5 N下,当电机工作在y-z面内对称振动模态,电机正向运动,最大空载速度为79 mm/s,最大输出力为0.5 N;当电机工作在x-z面内弯振模态,电机反向运动,最大空载速度为756 mm/s,最大输出力0.8 N.     

十字形压电振子同型模态振动驱动的平面电机

提出十字形压电振子同型模态驱动的压电平面电机新原理,选定该振子的面外弯振、面内横杆弯振、面内纵杆弯振为工作模态,利用面外弯振分别与面内纵杆弯振、面内横杆弯振的振动耦合,在纵、横杆驱动足上生成沿x Oz、y Oz面行进的椭圆轨迹以推动动子沿x、y向移动。阐明电机驱动原理,优化出振子尺寸为60 mm×60 mm×7.8mm,厘定电机最适驱动频率为30 127 Hz。建立振子机电耦合模型,研究驱动足的振动特性,模拟出驱动足的椭圆轨迹,仿真得到在250 V电压激励时驱动足的x、y、z向振幅分别为1.6μm、1.6μm和1.2μm。建立电机的整机分析模型,探析驱动电压、频率、相位差、预紧力对电机速度的影响。在正常驱动条件下,电机速度可达50 mm/s。该电机在平面装置驱动中的应用前景广泛。     

新型同步箝位控制压电马达

提出一种新型谐振驱动同步箝位控制压电马达,该压电马达由一个谐振驱动振子和同步箝位开关构成,结合超声马达的谐振驱动与尺蠖马达的控制机理,使输出组件沿导轨产生直线运动。详细分析了该压电马达的运动机理,采用有限元仿真法确定结构尺寸,研制了样机并进行了性能测试与分析,实验结果表明该种压电马达具有良好的性能。     

旋转尺蠖压电电机钳位机构设计及动力学分析

提出旋转尺蠖压电电机,该电机具有结构简单、定位精度高、输出力矩大、能实现微动压电电机大行程等优点。分析其驱动原理及关键部件钳位机构设计方案;考虑杠杆位移放大梁及长柔梁弯曲、扭转振动变形,建立钳位机构动力学模型,获得前8阶固有频率及模态函数;讨论钳位机构结构参数对固有频率影响规律,并实验验证理论分析的正确性。     

基于压电陶瓷的大振幅振动台的研究

为实现对高频大振幅传感器的校准,研制了一种基于压电陶瓷的大振幅振动台。用PZT8材料的压电陶瓷片堆叠作为动元件,用功率放大器、电感箱和压电陶瓷片堆叠构成的LC谐振电路,对信号源输出信号进行功率和电压放大,驱动压电陶瓷堆叠振动。该振动台可以实现很小失真的振动,工作频率范围2~5 k Hz,振幅最大可达到7μm,失真度小于5%。     

H-结构薄板纵弯复合模态驱动的压电直线电机

为高性能压电直线电机设计奠定基础,推出基于H型振子的直线电机并利用该振子两纵向杆面内一阶纵振与二阶弯振驱动电机。研究电机的驱动机理并从理论上阐释振子纵杆驱动端质点的椭圆运动形成过程;建立振子有限元模型并对其工作模态、灵敏度、谐响应进行分析;优化振子结构尺寸,完成电机装配结构设计并制作出振子、电机实物;对振子进行模态试验,结果显示该振子不仅具有预设的工作模态,且在正常激励条件下,驱动端纵、弯振幅值分别可达1.2 μm,1.4 μm。研究表明,该电机有望产生较大速度与动力。     

V型贴片式直线超声电机的结构优化设计

设计了一种一端铰支的V型直线超声电机,旨在找到一种输出效率更高、更利于小型化的定子结构。利用有限元软件分析了定子不同结构参数对模态一致性和驱动足处振幅的影响规律;基于结构参数的灵敏度的分析,对定子结构进行了优化设计。制作了45°、60°和90°三种不同角度的定子,并开展了电机机械特性的实验研究;实验结果表明,相对原有的U型电机,V型电机的模态一致性更好,输出速度和输出力有很大提高。在夹角为90°、激励电压为300Vpp、预压力为40 N时,电机空载速度提升了66.8%,负载能力提升了55%,最大空载速度达到784 mm/s,最大输出力达到14 N,推重比达70。研究表明:夹持元件与定子一体化设计和一端铰支的夹持方式简化了电机的结构,有利于直线超声电机的小型化;V型定子夹角为90°时,综合输出性能及稳定性更好。     

Novel method for driving the ultrasonic motor

This paper reports a novel driving method for an annular plate-type ultrasonic motor. Instead of the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) converter type driver using a conventional electromagnetic transformer, a compact disc-type piezoelectric transformer is used to obtain a high voltage output for driving the ultrasonic motor. The piezoelectric transformer is operated in the radial vibration mode at resonance frequency close to the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic motor. Later, it was found that the piezoelectric transformer could drive the ultrasonic motor, even if their resonance frequencies are not exactly the same by incorporating a matching network in the circuit. The maximum speed of the ultrasonic motor obtained by using this driving method is over 300 rpm. It is believed that the results of this study will have impact on the integration and miniaturization of the ultrasonic motor and its driving circuit.     

Y形旋转超声波马达的设计与动态特性分析

为了探索和丰富旋转超声波马达的结构,使其满足响应精准且速度快以及控制简便的要求,设计了Y形旋转超声波马达,并对其结构及动态特性进行了分析。Y形旋转超声波马达将3组压电陶瓷片的横向振动复合成驱动足端面对转子的微幅驱动,通过摩擦耦合在惯性作用下推动转子顺时针或逆时针旋转。运用Workbench软件中的Design Exporation组件对Y形旋转超声波马达定子组件的结构尺寸进行了优化设计,提升了定子组件的性能。构建优化后Y形旋转超声波马达定子组件的有限元仿真模型,并通过模态分析获得了定子组件工作所需的固有振型,通过谐响应分析获得了定子组件的幅频特性曲线,通过瞬态分析获得了1个激励周期内定子组件的振动模态,验证了Y形旋转超声波马达的驱动机理。结果表明,Y形旋转超声波马达压电陶瓷片表面施加电压的最佳频率为20 739 Hz,对应的驱动足端面的振幅为6.95 μm。Y形旋转超声波马达结构简单且具有对称性,能效利用率高,对拓宽超声波马达的应用领域有重要参考价值。     

Hybrid transducer type ultrasonic motor

A type of ultrasonic motor whose stator is composed of a torsional vibrator and multilayered piezoelectric actuators is proposed and has been fabricated for trial. The stator is operated at the resonance frequency of the torsional vibration. The vibrator generates the mechanical output force and the actuators control the frictional force. The construction provides for arbitrary Lissajous's figures at the contacting surface and contributes to large mechanical output power with high efficiency and bidirectional motion. It also gives greater freedom of design. The prototype motor produced a maximum torque of 7 kg-cm and a maximum efficiency of 33%     

Design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuators

In this work, design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuator patches are studied. The motor system consists of a linear stator, a pre-load weight, and two piezoelectric actuator patches. The piezoelectric actuators are bonded with the linear elastic stator at specific locations. The stator generates propagating waves when the piezoelectric actuators are subjected to harmonic excitations. Vibration characteristics of the linear stator are analyzed and compared with finite element and experimental results. The analytical, finite element, and experimental results show agreement. In the experiments, performance of the ultrasonic linear motor is tested. Relationships between velocity and pre-load weight, velocity and applied voltage, driving force and applied voltage, and velocity and driving force are reported. The design of the dual piezoelectric actuators yields a simpler structure with a smaller number of actuators and lower stator stiffness compared with a conventional design of an ultrasonic linear motor with fully laminated piezoelectric actuators.     

新型箝位式压电电机的设计研究

针对传统箝位式压电电机在谐振态下工作时,方波振动的箝位部分结构设计复杂问题,提出一种新型箝位式压电电机。该电机箝位部分与驱动部分均由同频正弦电压驱动实现正弦振动,通过定子对动子的箝位接触,实现动子单向输出运动。相较于传统箝位式压电电机和超声电机,该电机的定子结构设计无需采用模态简并,结构设计难度降低。利用有限元仿真确定定、动子结构参数,制造样机并搭建实验平台。对箝位部分分别采用正弦波与方波做激励,再对驱动部分进行波形对比,表明正弦波亦能达到预期效果。实验结果表明:准静态时,激励电压频率为250Hz、电压峰峰值Vp-p为10V时,步进距离为0.5μm,步进速度0.13mm/s;谐振态时,激励电压频率为540Hz、电压峰峰值Vp-p为70V时,步进距离为32μm,步进速度16.9mm/s;该电机可兼顾低频高分辨率和高频高速输出以实现跨尺度工作。     

A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers

A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers is proposed. In each transducer, two orthogonal bending vibrations are superimposed and an elliptical trajectory is generated at the driving foot. Typical output of the prototype is a no-load speed of 58 rpm and maximum torque of 9·5 Nm under an exciting voltage of 200 V(rms).     

A piezoelectric motor using two orthogonal bending modes of a hollow cylinder

This paper proposes a compact ultrasonic motor with low manufacturing costs, a simpler driving circuit, and scalability. The stator of the motor presented in this paper consists of a hollow metal cylinder, whose outside surface was flattened on two sides at 90 degrees to each other, on which two rectangular piezoelectric plates were bonded. Because the cylinder has a partially square/partially circular outside surface, the stator has two degenerated bending modes that are orthogonal to each other. A wobbling motion is generated on the cylinder when only one piezoelectric plate is excited at a frequency between the two orthogonal bending modes. A rod through a pair of ferrules was used as the rotor of this motor. The prototype motor, whose stator was 2.4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, operated at 69.5 kHz, was experimentally characterized, and a maximum torque of 1.8 mNm was obtained.     

Modeling of a rotary motor driven by an anisotropic piezoelectric composite laminate

This paper proposes an analytical model of a rotary motor driven by an anisotropic piezoelectric composite laminate. The driving element of the motor is a three-layer laminated plate. A piezoelectric layer is sandwiched between two anti-symmetric composite laminae. Because of the material anisotropy and the anti-symmetric configuration, torsional vibration can be induced through the inplane strain actuated by the piezoelectric layer. The advantages of the motor are its magnetic field immunity, simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, and good low-speed performance. In this paper, the motor is considered to be a coupled dynamic system. The analytical model includes the longitudinal and torsional vibrations of the laminate and the rotating motion of the rotor under action of contact forces. The analytical model can predict the overall characteristics of the motor, including the modal frequency and the response of motion of the laminate, the rotating speed of the rotor, the input power, the output power, and the efficiency of the motor. The effects of the initial compressive force, the applied voltage, the moment of rotor inertia, and the frictional coefficient of the contact interface on the characteristics of the motor are simulated and discussed. A selection of the numerical results from the analytical model is confirmed by experimental data.