直接水热合成法和模板剂法制备碳微球的比较及性能评价

以葡萄糖为碳源,分别采用直接水热合成法和模板剂法制备了碳微球并将其制备成催化剂。利用扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等手段对碳微球及催化剂进行表征。评价了催化剂在纤维素水解反应中的催化活性。结果表明:两种方法制备的碳微球粒径相差较大,结构上都含有—OH和—COOH官能团;两种方法制备的催化剂粒径有很大差别而且球之间粘连较严重,两者均含有—SO3H、—COOH、—OH等活性基团。并且模板剂法制备的碳微球催化剂对纤维素的水解率较高,达到58%。     

核孔膜乳化法制备单分散壳聚糖微球

选择壳聚糖溶液为分散相,液体石蜡为连续相,首次采用核孔膜乳化方法制备壳聚糖微球.乳滴经戊二醛交联固化后所得微球球形度和单分散性良好(分散系数＜20%).主要研究了核孔膜孔径大小、油水相体积比、表面活性剂种类及用量、温度和固化时间对微球制备的影响.结果表明,膜乳化法是制备单分散微球的良好方法.     

纤维素/木质素微球抗紫外薄膜制备与性能研究

随着包装工业的快速发展和人类社会对环保要求的提高,功能性且可生物降解的包装膜材料越来越受到人们的重视.然而,目前市场上的可降解包装膜材料由于成本较高、力学性能差以及耐水性低而限制了其发展.采用自组装方法制备木质素微球,并将其沉积在纤维素膜表面,制备出一种新型纤维素基抗紫外薄膜材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)和激光共聚焦电子显微镜对薄膜的表面性能进行研究.利用抗张实验和紫外透光率测试对纤维素基功能薄膜的力学性能和抗紫外性能进行表征.结果表明:自沉积木质素微球在纤维素膜表面分布均匀,尺寸为1～2μm;纤维素薄膜疏水改性后有助于木质素微球的沉积,且沉积量随着木质素质量浓度的增加而增大.由于木质素微球的引入,纤维素复合膜的抗张强度比对照样增加22％,同时其对UVB屏蔽效果可达94％.     

改性海藻酸钠聚合物微球制备及药物释放研究

为了制备功能化的栓塞微球,提高微球的载药率,以海藻酸钠(SA)为起始原料,经牛磺酸(TA)改性,采用反相乳液聚合方法将改性后的产物制得栓塞微球。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、超景深显微镜、紫外/可见分光光度计等对微球进行了鉴定和表征,并测定了改性前后SA水溶液的黏度。结果表明:改性后的SA溶液在水中的黏度有所降低;微球直径100~500μm;与未改性聚合物相比,改性后的SA微球负载药物阿霉素最高达到30%;载药微球对药物阿霉素的累计释放量增加,缓释现象明显。     

原位聚合制备PLLA/Fe3O4磁性复合微球及其表征

介绍了一种新的PLLA/Fe3O4磁性复合微球的制备方法——表面引发开环聚合法,先利用硅烷偶联剂Z-6040对Fe3O4进行改性,在其表面引入羟基,再通过羟基引发丙交酯在磁粒子表面开环聚合制备PLLA/Fe3O4磁性复合微球。探讨了复合微球的形成机理,对磁粒子改性效果和微球形貌、粒径、结构、磁含量及磁性能等进行了表征,并详细研究了磁性复合微球性能的影响因素。     

TiO2纳米管包覆聚乙烯醇凝胶微球的制备及性能研究

通过水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管(TNT),并使用油酸对其表面进行改性。以改性TNT为稳定剂,W/O型Pickering乳液为模板,通过冻融法制备了聚乙烯醇/二氧化钛纳米管(PVA/TNT)复合微球。采用高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、热重分析仪等对改性TNT和PVA/TNT复合微球的结构及形貌进行了表征,选择亚甲蓝溶液作为模拟废水,对PVA/TNT复合微球光催化降解性能进行了研究。结果表明:改性TNT能很好地稳定W/O型Pickering乳液,以该乳液为模板可以制备出壳层包覆TNT、内核为聚乙烯醇凝胶的复合微球。PVA/TNT复合微球微球对亚甲蓝具有良好的吸附及光催化降解性能。     

复合CaCO3法制备医用多孔明胶微球

采用W/O型乳化-固化法制备了明胶CaCO3复合微球,将此复合微球用盐酸处理除去表面CaCO3,得到多孔的明胶微球.以差示扫描量热法、热重分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法对复合微球和多孔明胶微球的物理性质进行了表征,同时探讨了多孔明胶微球的合成机理.结果表明,两种微球中均含有CaCO3;扫描电镜显示,微球表面呈多孔结构,粒径在20～40μm之间.     

注凝工艺制备二氧化锆陶瓷微球

采用注凝工艺制备二氧化锆陶瓷微球，测试了微球的性能，研究了分散剂、引发剂以及真空除泡等对浆料性质的影响。结果表明：将催化剂加入至二甲基硅油中可以避免浆料提前固化，有效延长其稳定存放时间，同时还可将浆料固化所需温度从90℃降低到50℃。采用振动分散技术可以获得尺寸分布均匀的二氧化锆陶瓷微球。     

以花粉为范铸造微球及其载酶活性测试

介绍了利用天然花粉作为模具,通过微铸造的方式制备微球的一种新方法。微球制备过程中,选用葵花、山茶花及玫瑰花3种粒径及形状不同的花粉作为模具。使用时先去除花粉内部细胞后形成中空结构作为模具,再注入海藻酸钠溶液后,经CaCl_2溶液浸泡固化成型,最后在果胶酶和纤维酶联合作用下去除花粉壁即可以得到形状规则,粒径均一的3种海藻酸钠微球。该方法制备微球简便易行、条件温和、对设备要求低且适用范围较广。此外,对该方法所制备负有载碱性蛋白酶的微球进行活性测试结果还显示出保留花粉壁结构可以使微球活性更有优势。     

改性淀粉/聚氨酯复合微球的合成与性能研究

采用超声改性法制备改性淀粉,通过预聚-扩链-中和-分散法合成聚氨酯水溶液,并用相分离法制备出超声改性淀粉/聚氨酯复合微球。考察了R值[n(—NCO)/n(—OH)]、改性淀粉的含量、聚乙二醇的分子量及固含量对复合微球形态的影响。研究了载药复合微球在体外的药物释放规律。并通过扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱对微球的表面及剖面结构和化学组成进行了表征。结果表明:复合微球合成的最佳条件:R值为3,改性淀粉含量为6%(wt,质量分数,下同),聚乙二醇分子量为200,固含量为38%;复合微球表面光滑并且内部有很多致密的孔道,且聚氨酯和改性淀粉之间通过氢键连接,稳定性良好;降解性及药物释放研究显示,该类微球适于充当药物载体。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.