不同形貌节理对应力波传播影响的数值模拟

用3DEC离散元软件对一维正弦纵波在无节理有限长及有一节理有限长岩杆中的传播进行标定,确定建模的单元网格尺寸、边界条件等参数。然后对一维正弦纵波在含量化的不同粗糙度节理面的岩杆中传播进行数值模拟,探究应力波穿过不同形貌特征的节理时的透反射规律。分析模拟结果发现:节理面粗糙度JRC值相同,相对节理初始法向刚度不同时,随着刚度系数的增加,透射过节理面的应力波越多,在α0.5时,透射系数值增加较快;在α0.5时,透射系数值增加较慢,逐渐趋近于1。同一刚度系数α值下,随着节理粗糙度JRC值的增加,透射系数增大,当α1.5时,透射系数趋于稳定。     

粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的准静态模型解

研究了板状粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的准静态模型解。在将粘接界面简化为准静态模型（QSM）的情况下,推导了界面为完好连接且上下基体为同种材料的板状粘接结构中垂直入射纵波的声反射和透射系数表达式。首先将纵波的准静态模型解和精确解进行了比较以阐释准静态模型的适用条件;接着分析了法向刚度系数和界面相对质量的变化对纵波反射和透射特性的影响。结果表明,在特定频率下,随着刚度系数或界面相对质量的增加,纵波的反射和透射系数的幅值分别减小和增大至某一稳定值。研究成果可为实验时采用纵波垂直入射检测粘接结构提供一定的理论指导。     

SH波在0.71Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.29PbTiO_3/金刚石界面的反射和透射

研究SH波分别从0.71Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.29Pb TiO_3(PMN-0.29PT)介质和金刚石介质倾斜入射时在双材料界面上的反射和透射规律。PMN-0.29PT单晶沿[011]c方向极化,宏观上呈正交各向异性性质,且材料主轴沿x3方向旋转切割,数值分析了SH波斜入射时在交界面处的反射、透射系数以及能量反射、透射系数随入射角的变化。结果显示:SH波从金刚石入射时,压电晶体的旋转切割角度对SH波的反射、透射系数和能量分配规律起到非常关键的作用;SH波从压电材料入射时,晶体的旋转切割角度越大,临界角越小,随着入射角的增大,切割角度对SH波反射系数的影响逐渐减小。这些结论可为PMN-PT单晶材料在传感器和频率控制等领域中的应用提供有价值的理论参考。     

低幅值应力波在岩石三维节理面的折反射规律理论研究EI北大核心CSCD

岩土动力问题中,岩石节理对应力波的传播与能量的传递极大的影响,进而对岩土工程的动力响应特性造成影响。在以往应力波在非连续面传播规律的研究中,较少能够从理论上研究三维节理的复杂表面形态所导致的复杂力学性质对应力波传播规律的影响。为此,基于细观接触理论分析了岩石三维节理的应力-变形本构方程一般形式,分析了平面谐波与三维节理面上的变形与应力之间的变化规律,并基于DDM方法给出P波、SV波与SH波在三维节理面上折反射解析解。在模型研究和理论求解基础上通过参数分析研究了应力波的入射角、节理的交叉耦合变形刚度系数对折反射应力波的影响规律。研究发现,对于三维岩石节理,当本构方程中刚度系数矩阵中的交叉耦合刚度系数非零时,三种简谐波(P、SV、SH波)之间皆可已相互转化,且增大三维节理的交叉耦合刚度系数能够显著的增大转换波的幅值系数,使得同型波反射系数增大,同型波透射系数减小。     

低幅值应力波在岩石三维节理面的折反射规律理论研究

岩土动力问题中,岩石节理对应力波的传播与能量的传递极大的影响,进而对岩土工程的动力响应特性造成影响。在以往应力波在非连续面传播规律的研究中,较少能够从理论上研究三维节理的复杂表面形态所导致的复杂力学性质对应力波传播规律的影响。为此,基于细观接触理论分析了岩石三维节理的应力-变形本构方程一般形式,分析了平面谐波与三维节理面上的变形与应力之间的变化规律,并基于DDM方法给出P波、SV波与SH波在三维节理面上折反射解析解。在模型研究和理论求解基础上通过参数分析研究了应力波的入射角、节理的交叉耦合变形刚度系数对折反射应力波的影响规律。研究发现,对于三维岩石节理,当本构方程中刚度系数矩阵中的交叉耦合刚度系数非零时,三种简谐波(P、SV、SH波)之间皆可已相互转化,且增大三维节理的交叉耦合刚度系数能够显著的增大转换波的幅值系数,使得同型波反射系数增大,同型波透射系数减小。     

SV波超临界角斜入射时层状地基地震动输入在ABAQUS中的实现

有限元数值模拟中,超临界角斜入射SV波作用下层状地基的地震动输入是一个亟待解决的问题。该文采用层状地基频域内精确的动力刚度矩阵(即频域刚度矩阵法)推导了SV波任意角度斜入射下的地震动输入等效节点力计算公式,通过ABAQUS有限元软件模拟SV波斜入射下均匀半空间、层状地基的地震波场,探讨了基于频域刚度矩阵法的层状地基任意角度斜入射地震动输入应用于ABAQUS有限元软件的有效性和准确性。结果表明,采用频域刚度矩阵法可以在ABAQUS中实现层状地基任意角度斜入射SV波地震动输入,且方法具有很高的计算精度,尤其对于SV波超临界角入射情况,有限元数值模拟很好地再现了均匀半空间地表质点的椭圆型运动轨迹和层状地基的行波特点。在此基础上进一步将频域刚度矩阵法与等效线性化方法相结合,解决了考虑土体非线性的层状地基在任意角度平面波入射条件下的地震动输入问题。     

板状粘接结构中对称和反对称纵波与界面的相互作用

为了激发粘接结构中的导波或界面波,通常需要将声波从两半无限介质同相位或反相位地同时入射多层系统。针对此问题,基于矩阵方法,推导了界面处于理想连接的情况下,对称或反对称纵波从上下半无限空间入射时,三层板状粘接结构中纵、横波的反射与透射系数表达式。分析了入射角度、粘接层厚度以及基体材料等对声波反射(或透射)特性的影响。结果表明,对称或反对称纵波垂直入射时不发生波型转换。粘接结构中声波的反射(或透射)特性与入射角度、频率以及粘接层厚度等参数密切相关。在相同的粘接层厚度(或频率)范围内,随着声波频率(或粘接层厚度)的增加,谐振频率曲线向低频漂移。该方法可作为粘接结构中体波或导波传播特性研究的重要理论基础。     

一维复合波入射的固-固界面接触特性分析

基于弹性波理论,针对接触面非线性相互作用,建立了一个非线性刚度模型,利用接触应力描述非线性刚度特性。引入包含基波和谐波的一维复合波入射,在二阶微扰近似以及非线性边界条件下,给出了界面的反射波和透射波的表达式,得到反射系数和透射系数。结合界面线性刚度和接触应力的幂律关系,定义了四个非线性系数。通过数值计算分析了固-固界面的非线性特性以及谐波对于接触应力的依赖性。     

爆炸过程中有关应力波传播问题探讨

针对爆炸过程中出现的3种常见应力波,对基传播速度和应力波幅值进行了讨论,指出应力波的传播速度及其引起的质点振动幅值均与材料的泊松比密切相关。对于应力波传播试验中出现的纵波、横波及瑞利表面波这3种常见应力波,从数值模拟的角度进行了再现。     

和土体中线弹性连续屏障的隔振分析

基于Biot波动理论,推导了饱和土中S波入射线弹性固体连续屏障时反射P1波、P2波、S波的反射系数与透射S波、P波的透射系数的解析解。进行算例分析,得出各反射透射系数与线弹性固体连续屏障密度、泊松比及弹性模量的关系。结果表明：线弹性固体隔振结构密度对P1波和P2波反射系数基本无影响;而随着线弹性固体隔振结构密度的增大,S波的反射和透射系数及P波的透射系数均逐渐减小,且渐趋稳定;线弹性固体连续屏障泊松比和弹性模量的变化对P1波P2波反射系数及P波透射系数基本无影响,而对S波的反射系数和透射系数影响较大,S波的反射系数随着线弹性固体连续屏障的泊松比和弹性模量的增大而增高,S波的透射系数随着泊松比的增大而减小,随着弹性模量的增大而增大。     

Mie scattering in the time domain. Part II. The role of diffraction

The p=0 term of the Mie-Debye scattering amplitude contains the effects of external reflection and diffraction. We computed the reflected intensity in the time domain as a function of the scattering angle and delay time for a short electromagnetic pulse incident on a spherical particle and compared it to the predicted behavior in the forward-focusing region, the specular reflection region, and the glory region. We examined the physical consequences of three different approaches to the exact diffraction amplitude, and determined the signature of diffraction in the time domain. The external reflection surface wave amplitude gradually replaces the diffraction amplitude in the angular transition region between forward-focusing and the region of specular reflection. The details of this replacement were studied in the time domain.     

Study on the reflection of photothermal waves in a semiconducting medium under generalized thermoelastic theory

In this article, coupled generalized thermoelastic with thermal relaxation time and plasma theories were used to study the reflection problem at the surface of a semiinfinite semiconconducting medium during a photothermal process. Using the harmonic wave method, the reflection coefficient ratios were obtained analytically for the incident CI wave and incident rotational wave. The variations of the amplitude of reflection coefficient ratios with the angle of incidence are shown graphically for silicon. Effects of several parameters (thermal relaxation time, thermoelastic coupling parameter, and thermoelectric coupling parameter) on reflection coefficient ratios were given by numerical results.     

Anomalies in the ultrasound reflection from a solid-dissipative medium interface

The reflection of longitudinal acoustic waves from the interface between a solid and a strongly dissipative medium was theoretically studied. It is shown that the reflection coefficient and the reflected signal phase significantly depend on the coefficient of ultrasound absorption in the dissipative medium. An algorithm for restoring the time variation of the dissipative medium viscosity during solidification is proposed, which is based on the results of measurements of the amplitude reflection coefficient for a pulsed ultrasonic signal. The reflection and transmission coefficients are determined for the ultrasound wave amplitude, velocity, pressure, and intensity. An expression is derived for the acoustic energy absorbed upon reflection from a dissipative medium. A frequency dependence of the amplitude and generalized phase of the signals reflected from and transmitted through the interface are restored from the results of spectral calculations. The theoretical results are confirmed by experimental data on the reflection of acoustic pulses from an organic glass-epoxy compound resin interface measured during solidification of the latter medium. According to these data, the reflection coefficient and the reflected acoustic pulse duration decreased upon solidification of the epoxy compound.     

固体中二维纵波非线性方程的摄动解

针对二维纵波非线性方程的求解问题进行了研究.从二维纵波非线性方程出发,围绕声马赫数对该方程的解进行二阶摄动展开,求解出二维非线性纵波方程的二阶摄动解.根据计算结果定义二次谐波沿x轴的传播分量和沿y轴的传播分量与入射基波的振幅比为非线性系数,并对基波和二次谐波的传播特性进行详细讨论,探究了二维纵波在固体中传播时其入射波振...     

Reflection of Plane Waves in a Semiconducting Medium under Photothermal Theory

In this paper photothermal theory was used to study the reflection of waves at the surface of a semi-infinite semiconconducting medium. Using the harmonic wave method, the reflection coefficient ratios were obtained analytically under coupled thermoelastic theory and plasma theory for an incident CI wave, which is one coupled thermoelastic plasma wave and an incident rotational wave. The variations of the amplitude of reflection coefficient ratios with the angle of incidence are shown graphically for silicon. Effects of the thermal frequency, the thermoelastic coupling parameter, and the thermoelectric coupling parameter were given by numerical results. Also, the energy ratios for reflected waves were computed to check the numerical results.     

Pulse distortion of a scattered chirped pulse

We have studied the time-dependent properties of a chirped short pulse when the pulse is scattered by a spherical particle. We used generalized Lorentz-Mie formulas to study the scattered electrical field and pulse distortion. Plane wave Gaussian pulses of different chirps with a constant pulse-filling coefficient l(0) = 1.98 have been studied. A morphology-dependent resonance causes a prolonged trailing edge (small scattering angle) and oscillations (large scattering angle) in the scattered pulse. When frequency sweeping superimposes on a morphology-dependent resonance, the pulse chirp affects the scattered pattern and distorts the scattered intensity. Multisecondary pulses are generated because of the pulse chirp and even subsecondary pulses occur if the incident pulse is deeply chirped. The pulse widths of secondary and subsecondary pulses are shorter than those of an incident pulse.     

P1波在非饱和土地基表面的反射特性

非饱和土是地表天然土体中最常见的一种形式。与饱和土不同,非饱和土内可传播四种体波:一种剪切波(S波)和三种压缩波(P1波、P2波、P3波)。其中P1传播特性与饱和土中的快压缩波相似:传播速度最快,且衰减系数最低。因此,该文运用非饱和孔隙介质理论阐述了弹性波在非饱和土中的传播特性,分析了平面P1波在非饱和土介质自由边界上的反射问题。根据边界条件,分别导出了在非饱和土自由边界上的四种反射波:反射P1波、反射P2波、反射P3波及反射S波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数的理论表达式,并且在此基础上进行了数值计算。算例中讨论了四种反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数受P1波入射角及地基土体饱和度变化的影响情况。结果表明:各反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数不仅与入射角有关,也受到饱和度变化的影响。这些结论对土动力学的理论研究以及工程地震勘探具有一定指导意义。     

Some properties of the optical resonances in a single subwavelength slit

Diffraction of TM-polarized waves by a slit in a thick screen of infinite conductivity is treated. The case of an arbitrary incident beam wave is considered. We study the resonances that appear when the wavelength of the incident beam wave is larger than the slit width, i.e., the subwavelength regime where a one-mode model for the slit can be considered. High anomalous values (resonances) of the transmission coefficient, the angular diffracted energy, and the magnetic field within the slit are analyzed. A simple linear relationship to determine the resonant wavelengths is proposed. We show that the transmission coefficient, the normal diffracted energy, and the magnetic field within the cavity are linear functions of the resonant wavelength and the thickness of the screen. Additionally and surprisingly, we reveal that under certain conditions the incident beam wave via the diffraction can give a suppressed light transmission; i.e., a minimum in the transmission is obtained where a maximum is expected.     

Detection of tissue harmonic motion induced by ultrasonic radiation force using pulse-echo ultrasound and Kalman filter

A method using pulse echo ultrasound and the Kalman filter is developed for detecting submicron harmonic motion induced by ultrasonic radiation force. The method estimates the amplitude and phase of the motion at desired locations within a tissue region with high sensitivity. The harmonic motion generated by the ultrasound radiation force is expressed as extremely small oscillatory Doppler frequency shifts in the fast time (A-line) of ultrasound echoes, which are difficult to estimate. In slow time (repetitive ultrasound echoes) of the echoes, the motion also is presented as oscillatory phase shifts, from which the amplitude and phase of the harmonic motion can be estimated with the least mean squared error by Kalman filter. This technique can be used to estimate the traveling speed of a harmonic shear wave by tracking its phase changes during propagation. The shear wave propagation speed can be used to solve for the elasticity and viscosity of tissue as reported in our earlier study. Validation and in vitro experiments indicate that the method provides excellent estimations for very small (submicron) harmonic vibrations and has potential for noninvasive and quantitative stiffness measurements of tissues such as artery.     

一种低能耗的水声通信编码方案的研究

研究了一种用多个不同频率的CW窄脉冲与帧同步脉冲的时延差携带信息的水声通信技术。该技术利用多个不同频率的CW矩形窄脉冲与帧同步CW矩形窄脉冲之间的时延值进行信息编码,在接收端采用时延估计和频率检测技术进行解码,从而使码元间距成为可携带信息的有用资源,将码元间距扩展到足够宽,既可有效地克服水声信号的多途影响、提高频带利用率,又可大大减少码元脉冲数量,达到节省能量并提高通信可靠性的目的。仿真结果表明,该水声通信编码体制数据传输速率适中,编码和解码简易,系统稳健。