两面顶低温超高压烧结纳米碳化硅的研究

采用两面顶低温超高压（LT-HP）技术在压力4．5GPa、温度（1250±50）℃、烧结时间20min的条件下烧结制备了纳米碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷，研究了烧结体的物相组成、化学成分、微观结构、显微硬度、纳米压痕力学性能等。结果表明，不添加烧结助剂且在较低温度下获得的SiC烧结体的相对密度高达98．4％，其显微硬度达到HV3520；纳米压痕测试硬度高达H31．74GPa、弹性模量E313GPa；烧结体的晶粒尺寸约为89nm，结构致密，无气孔。     

添加La2O3的AlN陶瓷的高压低温烧结

利用国产六面顶压机在5.0GPa,1300～1800℃条件下实现了以La2O3为助剂的AlN陶瓷体的高压低温烧结.用XRD、SEM、微区拉曼光谱对AlN高压烧结体进行了表征.研究表明,高压制备陶瓷体材料能够有效降低烧结温度和缩短烧结时间,烧结温度最低温度达到1300℃,可比传统烧结方法降低300℃以上,AlN高压烧结体的晶格常数比粉体的减小0.09%左右,其内部存在残余压应力,但AlN六方相的对称性没有发生改变.     

低温烧结Ph(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3基复相陶瓷中的两相共存与介电性能

分别采用氟化物和硼硅玻璃为助烧剂制备了低温烧结ＰＺＮ基复相陶瓷，并借助介电温度特性研究了复相陶瓷中的两相共存与助烧剂的关系。结果表明，添加剂引入的晶格缺陷对复相陶瓷中的两相共存有显著影响。ＬｉＦ助烧剂因引起晶格氧空位促进两相固溶化，而ＭｇＦ２和硼硅玻璃助烧的ＰＺＮ复相陶瓷可保持两相共存。以硼硅玻璃为助烧剂获得了低温烧结、具有Ｘ７Ｒ温度稳定特性的ＰＺＮ基复相陶瓷。     

低温烧结Ph(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3基复相陶瓷中的两相共存与介电性能

分别采用氟化物和硼硅玻璃为助烧剂制备了低温烧结PZN基复相陶瓷，并借助介电温度特性研究了复相陶瓷中的两相共存与助烧剂的关系．结果表明，添加剂引入的晶格缺陷对复相陶瓷中的两相共存有显著影响,LiF助烧剂因引起晶格氧空位促进两相固溶化，而MgF2和硼硅玻璃助烧的PZN复相陶瓷可保持两相共存．以硼硅玻璃为助烧剂获得了低温烧结、具有X7R温度稳定特性的PZN基复相陶瓷．     

Bi3NbTiO9的结构与电学性能

用传统固相法成功制备出了致密的、相对密度超过95％的BiaNbTiO9(BNT)压电陶瓷；采用XRD和SEM对陶瓷的结构和晶粒形貌进行了表征；测出了BNT陶瓷在居里温度点附近的介电特性，同时确定了该陶瓷的居里温度Tc为914℃。电滞回线的测试显示了该材料典型的硬铁电性，经过高温极化，测出材料的压电常数d33=7pC／N。     

热处理对高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料耐磨性的影响

通过传统重力浇注工艺,用高铬铸铁金属溶液铸渗ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)陶瓷颗粒蜂窝状预制体,从而获得高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料。将复合材料在930℃、980℃、1 030℃、1 080℃温度下淬火,并分别在230℃、330℃、430℃、530℃时回火,研究了热处理条件对高铬铸铁基蜂窝陶瓷复合材料组织及三体磨料磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明:在相同回火温度条件下,随着淬火温度的升高,复合材料硬度升高,其耐磨性也随之升高;在相同淬火温度条件下,随着回火温度的升高,材料的硬度及耐磨性能也随之升高,两者达到一定温度后其硬度及耐磨性都下降,材料耐磨性与材料的硬度变化趋势一致。最终得到复合材料的最佳热处理工艺为:1 030℃×2h,空冷+530℃×0.5h。     

钾离子掺杂PZN基陶瓷的相结构和介电性能

采用复相混合烧结制备出掺杂钾离子的PZN基陶瓷,研究了钾离子对PZN－BT－PT三元系弛豫铁电陶瓷的相结构、介电性能的影响。结果表明,钾离子掺杂可使材料的居里温度向低温方向移动,降低陶瓷的介电常数,但可有效改善陶瓷试样的温度稳定性;复相混合烧结可以消除由于钾离子掺杂而引起的焦绿石相;二者结合可获得具有纯钙钛矿相结构,弥散相变度宽（－100℃）,室温介电常数高,介电损耗低（0．011）的PZN基弛豫铁电陶瓷,并能显著提高材料的温度稳定性。     

制备条件对炭泡沫结构的影响

利用沥青在热解过程中产生挥发性气体自发泡和高压渗氮的原理，以石油中间相沥青为原料，采用高压反应釜制备炭泡沫材料。用SEM和偏光显微镜观察了材料的孔结构，分析了制备条件对炭泡沫结构的影响。结果表明，温度和压力是影响炭泡沫材料结构的重要因素，在实验条件范围内，较高的反应温度和压力有利于制备出较高性能的炭泡沫，其气孔率较高，韧带炭层排布规则。     

直接氮化法制备纳米晶TiN薄膜

首先采用溶胶-凝胶法在Al2O3基体上制备了TiO2纳米晶薄膜，然后在管式气氛炉中，用氨气作为还原剂，直接氮化制备TiO2纳米晶薄膜；从而成功地的α-Al2O3陶瓷基片上制备了纳米晶TiN薄膜。利用XRD、XPS、FE-SEM等分析技术，研究了制备的纳米晶TiN薄膜的相组成及形貌。结果表明最佳工艺条件为：氮化温度为700℃，氮化时间为1h。     

压电陶瓷表面硅钙复合膜的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅钙复合溶胶，并在压电陶瓷表面制备硅钙复合膜，以改善水泥基压电陶瓷复合材料界面。确定了溶胶配比，研究了陈化、低温热处理和硅烷偶联剂对覆硅钙复合膜压电陶瓷接触角、压电和介电性能的影响。结果表明，硅钙复合溶胶中Ca与Si摩尔比>0.2时不利于成膜；提高陈化温度和延长陈化时间可明显减小硅钙复合膜的接触角；硅钙复合膜层数最佳为3层，烧结温度不大于160℃；加入微量硅烷偶联剂可有效改善膜层开裂。制备的硅钙复合膜接触角最小为27°，亲水性好。      

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.