海底油管牺牲阳极材料的研究

为南海某海区海底输油管线的保护寻找在海泥中性能较优的铝合金牺牲阳极。通过对AZIS和AZIG在常温及热海泥中恒电流试验和阳极溶解形态分析，找到较为满意的阳极材料，供海上油气田工程设计参考。     

Fenton试剂改性海底生物燃料电池阳极及电化学性能

阳极材料直接影响海底生物燃料电池的性能。本文采用一种新型改性试剂—Fenton试剂对石墨阳极进行改性处理。结果表明,改性后电极表面主要引入了羟基和羰基,接触角从82°减小到48°,亲水性明显提高。塔菲尔曲线显示,改性前后交换电流密度分别为0.05 A/m2、0.17 A/m2,电极的动力学活性显著增加,提高了两倍之多。改性和未改性电池的最大输出功率密度分别为33.21 mW/m2、20.27 mW/m2,提高了64%。这是由于阳极表面处理后引入的羟基和羰基充当了电子转移介体,明显提高了电极反应动力学活性,增加了阳极表面细菌吸附数量,加速了阳极反应,提高了电池性能。该类高性能阳极材料可望用于海底生物燃料电池的开发。     

油田深井用材新型铝合金牺牲阳极的防腐蚀性能

为了提高油田深井用材铝合金牺牲阳极保护TP110Nc-3Cr套管的性能,研制了一种新型的耐温铝合金牺牲阳极材料,用于对管外壁进行有效防护.采用电化学技术对铝合金牺牲阳极材料进行了极化曲线、电流效率和耐温性测试.结果表明:90℃时,极化较平缓,无钝化现象,电流效率大于80％,对套管材料具有较好的保护作用.     

海底管线牺牲极保护设计

本文论述了在海水和海泥介质中遭受强烈电化学腐蚀的海底管线的牺牲阳极保护方法，所用阳极及其性能，设计与安装。     

海底沉积物层镁阳极化学燃料电池构建及性能研究

研究了一种新型电池结构:海底沉积层镁阳极燃料电池。测试了镁阳极在海底沉积物层的应用性能,研究了组装电池的功率输出,阴、阳极极化性能及长期放电特征。结果表明,电池开路电压1.947 V,电池最大功率密度44.33 mW/cm2,自腐蚀速率(放电电流密度)0.009 mA/cm2,电流密度较大,电位较负,在外接负载条件下长期工作性能稳定。     

低电位泡沫石墨改性阳极及其在海底微生物燃料电池中的应用

泡沫石墨是一种新型阳极材料, 对其进行改性是提高海底微生物燃料电池性能的重要途径之一。本文研究了混酸改性泡沫石墨阳极及其电化学性能。研究表明:改性后泡沫石墨表面生成羟基、羧基等含氧官能团; 改性阳极接触角降低了24.5°, 润湿性提高, 有利于微生物附着; 交换电流密度达到6760.8 mA/m², 动力学活性提高了53.7倍。研究还发现改性后阳极电位降低了100 mV, 电池开路电位达到865 mV (未改性750 mV), 最大输出功率密度为358.1 mW/m², 提高了2.4倍。三个月放电测试显示, 改性阳极和电池具有相对稳定的性能。同时, 本文初步分析了改性后阳极动力学活性增加和电位降低的原因。该研究结果为构建高输出电压和功率的海底微生物燃料电池提供了依据。     

地下阴极保护用阳极

许多不同的阳极材料被用于地下设施的阴极保护。石墨、硅—铬—铁、镀铂钛/铌以及混合型金属氧化物仅仅是腐蚀工作者在设计地床时可以从中择取的几种阳极材料。每一种材料均具有对其在给定环境中的性能有所影响的独有特性。这些性能特征因环境而异,而且必须针对每一种用途予以检验。由于在阳极表面发生的种种反应极大地影响着该材料的性能,所以本讨论首先对主要的阳极反应加以简要的评述。     

国外铝合金牺牲阳极材料概况

由于铝是一种轻金属,又在理论上具有足够负的电位,理论电流输出量也很大;更有毒性小、材料来源充分,成本低、易于加工等优点;所以,铝被选为制作阴极保护用牺牲阳极的理想材料。另外,铝合金阳极的阳极电位和电流效率也都比较符合阴极保护的要求,因而,它的使用在世界各国都受到了重视。本文主要论述了铝合金牺牲阳极的研制和发展过程,各种添加元素对铝合金阳极性能的影响,以及铝合金阳极在船舶、港湾设施、海洋石油开采设备、海底钢结构件,以及地下设施方面的实际应用情况。     

典型牺牲阳极在脱硫催化液中的性能研究

通过恒电流实验法测试了6种常用牺牲阳极材料在不同温度的硫回收催化剂溶液中的电化学性能。结果表明,高硅铸铁牺牲阳极开路电位、工作电位稳定,表面溶解均匀,在较高温度下电流效率最高,尤其是在60℃时达到89.7%,综合性能最好;溶解的产物Fe^2+不会对原有催化剂造成影响,是一种比较理想的硫磺回收装置保护用牺牲阳极材料。     

樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺复合阳极在海底微生物燃料电池中的应用

制备了一种樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺(PANI-(D-CSA))新型复合阳极,研究了其最佳配比,并在海底微生物燃料电池(BMFC)中测定其电化学性能.采用XRD衍射、热失重对聚苯胺阳极材料进行了表征.结构分析表明,PANI-(D-CSA)为部分结晶,热稳定性较好.性能测试表明,PANI-(D-CSA)质量分数为50%时复合阳极...     

Science and technology of polymeric ablative materials for thermal protection systems and propulsion devices: A review

Ablative materials are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these sacrificial materials are used to manage the heat shielding of propulsion devices (such as liquid and Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs)) or to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through a planetary atmosphere. Accordingly they are also known as Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials. Some non-polymeric materials have been successfully used as ablatives; however, due to their versatility, Polymeric Ablatives (PAs) represent the widest family of sacrificial TPS materials. In fact, when compared to non-polymeric ablatives such as high melting point metals, inorganic polymers (or metal oxides or carbides), PAs have some intrinsic advantages such as: tunable density, lower cost, and higher heat shock resistance. This review covers all main topics related to the science and technology of ablative materials with current and potential applications in the aerospace industry. After a short, yet comprehensive, introduction on non-ablative materials, this review paper summarizes fifty years of research efforts on polymeric ablatives, starting from the state of the art solutions currently used as TPS, up to covering the most recent efforts for nanostructuring their formulations.     

耐高温、抗油污海水铝合金牺牲阳极的研究

通过正交实验 ,研究了Al Zn In Si Zr铝合金牺牲阳极在常温、中温、高温海水和常温油污海水中的性能 ,并探讨了其作用机理     

耐高温，抗油污水铝合金牺牲阳极的研究

通过正交实验,研究了Al-Zn-In-Si-Zr铝合金牺牲阳极在常温、中温、高温海水和常温油污海水中的性能,并探讨了其作用机理。     

牺牲阳极在舰船阴极保护中的应用和进展

分别论述了铝合金牺牲阳极、锌合金牺牲阳极、铁合金牺牲阳极的研究和发展过程,总结了各种阳极的研发现状、研发热点和相应的阳极产品研发成果,指出了针对特殊环境和细分领域的各种阳极,是阳极新材料未来发展的主要方向。对于铝合金牺牲阳极,介绍了常规铝合金牺牲阳极和包括海水环境低驱动电位阳极、油污海水低驱动电位牺牲阳极、适用于干湿交替环境的阳极和适用于高温环境中的阳极等在内的针对特殊环境和特殊材料的铝合金牺牲阳极在舰船阴极保护领域的应用,总结了船舶用铝合金牺牲阳极的研究进展;对于锌合金牺牲阳极,主要介绍了锌合金牺牲阳极的发展历史、研究现状和相应的阳极产品;对于铁合金牺牲阳极,主要总结了铁合金牺牲阳极的研究现状和在舰船上的实际应用。     

海洋工程阴极保护技术发展评述

海洋属苛刻的腐蚀环境,腐蚀是影响海洋工程结构物服役性能和使用寿命的关键因素。阴极保护和涂层等手段相结合是防止海水中金属结构物腐蚀的有效方法。根据提供保护电流方式的不同,阴极保护分为牺牲阳极和外加电流阴极保护两种方法。牺牲阳极方法简单可靠,但阳极材料用量大,且要较为精确的设计。外加电流阴极保护方法可以实现自动控制,通过自动调整输出电流的大小,使被保护的结构物表面处于设定的保护电位范围。这里对海洋工程阴极保护技术的发展状况进行了较为系统的评述,介绍了海洋工程用牺牲阳极材料和外加电流阴极保护系统,分析了适用于不同强度级别结构材料的阴极保护电位范围,阐述了阴极保护优化设计技术,尤其是数值模拟技术的发展和应用状况,并讨论了海洋工程阴极保护监检测技术。最后,指出了海洋工程阴极保护技术未来的发展方向。     

互花米草在吹填筑挡工程上的试验与应用

研究了互花米草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel）促淤固土、缓流消浪的护坡功能，确定了互花米草海挡护坡的最佳条件，构建了大断面土堤型植物护坡吹填筑挡新模式，改变了传统的护砌型式。可有效防止或减轻潮汐风浪对海挡迎水坡的淘刷和侵蚀，保护海挡的安全，工程效益、经济效益和生态效益显著。     

Al-Zn-In-Cd牺牲阳极材料的电化学性能研究

通过正交实验确定出Al Zn In Cd牺牲阳极材料的最佳成分比。结果表明,Al 3.5Zn 0.02In 0.01Cd牺牲阳极材料的电化学性能指标均达到或超过国家标准。     

镁合金的应用开发及专利情况

重点介绍了镁合金在车用材料、医用材料和牺牲阳极材料等领域的应用开发情况,并对国内镁及镁合金专利申请情况进行了分析。     

Mechanism of the Sacrificial Protection of Stressed Low-Alloy Steel

We study the efficiency of sacrificial protection of stressed 40Kh low-alloy steel. Zinc and magnesium sacrificial anodes reliably protect steels against corrosion under elastic static and cyclic strains. In the plastic region, the efficiency of sacrificial protection decreases proportionally with stresses and is accompanied by oscillations of the current of the galvanic couple stressed steel specimen-sacrificial anode, which are attributable to juvenile areas on the strained surface of the steel and their repassivation. Correlations between the stresses that begin to cause corrosion losses of the steel at its sacrificial protection and current oscillations in the galvanic couple stressed steel specimen-sacrificial anode demonstrate a clear dependence of the efficiency of sacrificial protection on the intensity of current oscillations in the galvanic couple. We have established that loading of the steel stimulates the dissolution of the sacrificial anode, which can be explained by its electrochemical response in the galvanic couple to the deformational activation of the steel. Model experiments show that the rates of relaxation of strain-activated current of the galvanic couple and repassivation of the strained surface of the steel as well as the efficiency of sacrificial protection of the steel under loading are interrelated and depend on the speed of response of polarizing action of the sacrificial anode.__________Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 23–30, September–October, 2004.     

A comparative study of the electrochemical behaviour of Algerian zinc and a zinc from a commercial sacrificial anode

Zinc is used in the oil industry as a sacrificial anode for protecting steel storage tanks from corrosion. The behaviour of a sample of zinc from the Algerian metallurgy industry (zinc A) and a commercially available zinc (zinc B) was compared in an electrolyte from storage tank drainage water. The corrosion potential measurements for zinc A confirmed that this material could be used as a sacrificial anode. The polarization curves of the two materials (zinc A and zinc B) were different, zinc A being the least polarized. Thus, the same corrosion protection could be obtained with a lower surface ratio (S _Zn/S _Fe) for Zinc A. Cyclic voltammetry curves provided evidence of a surface layer formed by dissolution products. To provide protection over extended periods of time, the zinc anode must be oversized. The two types of zinc tested were comparable.The results of the impedance spectroscopy study confirmed the previous results. The corrosion layer formed on zinc A was not prejudicial to dissolution. Hence, the properties of this zinc were found to be satisfactory for its use as a sacrificial anode.