浅析实验室认可的管理评审工作

本文介绍了认可管理评审的定义、目的及审核的程序等内容,指出管理评审是实验室质量管理体系正常运行和改进的需要,是实验室的一种重要的管理手段;明确通过管理评审,可实现和确保实验室质量体系运行的适宜性、有效性和充分性。     

浅谈实验室质量管理体系管理评审存在的问题及对策

管理评审是实验室质量管理体系运行的重要活动和确保实验室质量管理体系的适宜性、充分性和有效性的重要手段,为了提高管理评审的效率,剖析了实验室管理评审存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

雏议实验室管理评审

管理评审活动对实验室工作的正常运行极为重要。要确保实验室管理评审的效果,必须正确认识和深刻理解管理评审工作的特点和要求,应联系实验室的实际情况,有的放矢,对症下药,以求实效。     

对ISO／IEC17025：2005标准中管理评审实施的思考

实施管理评审是认可实验室的必不可少的质量活动,是保证实验室质量管理体系持续有效运行的重要手段,文章探讨了如何做好管理评审。     

雏议实验室管理评审

管理评审活动对实验室工作的正常运行极为重要。要确保实验室管理评审的效果，必须正确认识和深刻理解管理评审工作的特点和要求，应联系实验室的实际情况，有的放矢，对症下药，以求实效。     

测试和校准实验室管理评审的实施

正一、概述评审是为确定主题事项达到规定目标的适宜性、充分性和有效性所进行的活动。实验室管理评审是实验室的最高管理者为了确保实验室质量管理体系及其所覆盖的测试或校准工作的全部过程和结果达到质量方针规定的目标,确保实验室的质量管理体系持续有效地运行所进行的系统性评价活动。因此,管理评审的目的就是确保质量方针、     

实验室目标管理的问题及对策

一、引言检测校准实验室目标管理主要包括目标设定、目标实施和目标评价,是实验室管理评审的主要输入,也是管理体系有效运行关键所在。目前一些实验室仍然存在管理目标不健全、目标实施难量化、管理流程不规范、目标评价欠改进等一些弊端,严重影响了实验室运行及改进的步伐。     

如何确保实验室管理评审的有效性

ISO/IEC17025-1999标准 4. 14中明确规定实验室的执行管理层须按照预定的时间表和程序定期进行实验室质量体系的评审,以确保其持续有效性和适宜性,并进行必要的更新和改进。同时也给出了管理评审须考虑的几方面内容。执行该标准的实验室均进行了管理评审,但是其有效性如何呢? 因为有些实验室进行管理评审时,由于体系运行不是很正常,平时的质量活动没有按要求留下客观证据或没有按规定的要求运行,所以缺乏真实客观的输入材料,而是临时编造一些内容放入管理评审报告中应付审核。另外,有些实验室对进行管理评审的目的、方法也不够理解,…     

管理评审中应注意的问题

管理评审是在综合实验室内外部各种信息的基础上，对质量管理体系本身所做的一种评价活动。也就是说，通过管理评审，可以得知现行的质量管理体系是否持续适应内外变化的要求，实验室的质量方针和质量目标是否仍对实验室各项质量活动具有指导性作用。在管理体系实际运行中，一些实验室往往是被动地做管理评审，将管理评审视作一种“负担”，使得管理评审报告空洞无物，缺乏有效性，根本达不到管理评审的目的。依据工作实验，笔者对如何做好管理评审，解决管理评审环节中的问题，提几点个人的看法，仅供参考。     

浅析认可实验室持续改进的主要途径

持续改进与否是实验室管理体系是否有效运行的重要表现,也是实验室认可评审的重点内容之一,本文结合笔者从事实验室认可的工作经验,分别从客户服务、质量方针与质量目标、内部审核和外部审核、管理评审、质量控制、纠正措施和预防措施等方面对实验室的持续改进途径进行了分析和探讨。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。