尼龙无纺布结构化增韧层增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的湿热力学性能

采用尼龙无纺布(PNF)作为结构化增韧层,制备了PNF层间增韧改性的U3160碳纤维增强3266环氧树脂(U3160-PNF/3266)复合材料,研究了U3160-PNF/3266复合材料的面内力学性能及湿热老化后的力学性能变化,并分析了复合材料湿热老化前后的层间形貌。结果表明:PNF增韧层的引入并未导致复合材料面内力学性能的下降,与未增韧的U3160碳纤维增强3266环氧树脂(U3160/3266)复合材料相比,增韧复合材料U3160-PNF/3266的90°拉伸性能有所提高。而湿热老化处理对U3160-PNF/3266复合材料的基体和界面性能影响相对明显,尤其是尼龙纤维与树脂基体之间的界面结合性能,湿热老化处理后增韧复合材料的90°压缩和层间剪切性能保持率均明显低于未增韧复合材料的。     

结构化增韧层增韧RTM复合材料性能

从复合材料离位增韧思想出发,选用具有高孔隙率的尼龙无纺布(PNF)作为结构化增韧层,采用RTM工艺制备了PNF层间增韧改性的U3160碳纤维增强环氧3266树脂基复合材料(U3160-PNF/3266),并研究了其韧性相关性能和增韧机制。结果表明:U3160-PNF/3266复合材料层间仍保持其原有的结构形式,同时与层间树脂相互贯穿形成了一种非反应诱导相分离的双连续结构,并且这种双连续结构表现出显著的增韧效果。U3160-PNF/3266复合材料的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性分别提高了1.1倍和1.4倍,冲击后压缩强度由212MPa提高到281MPa。     

国产T700级碳纤维/BMI复合材料湿热性能

为研究国产碳纤维复合材料湿热性能,基于热压罐制备工艺,分别将国产T700级碳纤维和日本东丽T700S碳纤维与国产QY9611双马树脂进行匹配,从纤维表面物理/化学状态、吸湿曲线、吸湿后玻璃化转变温度、宏观力学性能等方面对2种复合材料开展湿热性能研究.结果表明:国产T700/BMI复合材料的饱和吸湿率为0.77%(35 d),T700S/BMI复合材料的饱和吸湿率为0.81%(19 d);71℃水浸168 h后,国产T700/BMI的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)下降10.3%(由252.1℃到226.2℃),T700S/BMI复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)下降8.7%(由256.6℃到234.3℃);150℃湿态环境下,国产T700/BMI复合材料90°拉伸强度与T700S/BMI基本相当,0°压缩强度较T700S/BMI高约17.9%,层间剪切强度较T700S/BMI高约9.3%,表明国产T700/BMI复合材料具有更优良的湿热力学性能.     

老化环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响

不同老化环境(湿热、热水、热氧)对复合材料的性能有着重要的影响。文中分析了同一温度不同老化环境下T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料的吸湿(湿热、热水)和失重(热氧)特性,并对比了老化前后的表面形貌、物理化学特性、动态力学性能及层间剪切性能。结果表明,在相同温度下,热氧环境下的失重率要大于湿热和热水环境下的吸湿率;随着老化时间延长,热氧环境下材料表面形貌变化相比湿热和热水环境变化较大;在70℃不同老化环境下,热氧环境下材料的玻璃化转变温度变化值要大于湿热和热水环境下的玻璃化转变温度变化值,说明热氧对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料基体的后固化作用大于吸湿对树脂基体的塑化作用,但材料化学官能团没有明显变化。与未老化相比,试样的最大破坏载荷和剪切强度在湿热和热水环境下降低,在热氧环境下升高,但差值不大。研究对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料结构件在更复杂环境下的使用和贮存具有重要的工程实际意义。     

湿热环境下复合材料层板拉-压性能

通过对碳纤维环氧复合材料试样进行不同湿热环境下的拉伸和压缩实验,分析其吸湿特性、拉压力学性能、破坏后断口形貌以及动态力学性能,探讨湿热对该复合材料的拉伸和压缩性能的影响。结果表明:碳纤维环氧复合材料的吸湿过程满足Fick定律,饱和吸湿率约为0.86%。吸湿后材料表面变得光滑,有少量纤维拔出和树脂破坏发生,但吸湿后没有发生化学反应和新物质生成。吸湿后在130℃下,复合材料的拉伸性能保持率为96%,而压缩性能保持率仅为69%。吸湿后玻璃化转变温度比干态时下降了33℃。     

ESTM-fabric/3266复合材料低速冲击响应及冲击后压缩行为研究

基于“离位”技术,分别开发两种新型聚醚砜(PES)点阵附载型(ES-L)和PES无规附载U3160织物型(ES-R)ES^TM-fabric织物,采用RTM工艺制备ES^TM-fabric织物增强3266中温环氧树脂基复合材料(ES^TM-fabric/3266),对其进行冲击阻抗及冲击后压缩测试,并利用荧光显微镜、SEM结果分析离位增韧机理,还对比研究未增韧U3160织物增强3266中温环氧树脂基复合材料的性能。低速冲击测试结果表明:相比未增韧U3160/3266(ES-U),ES^TM-fabric/3266的起始损伤阈值载荷显著提高,冲击损伤面积明显减少,裂纹扩展更加平缓,且以层内基体裂纹、纤维束内的纤维-基体脱粘和局部铺层断裂为主。ES-L的CAI值比ES-U增大了37%。ES-R层间出现均布式相反转结构,ES-L层间存在硬相区(富BMI连续相)和软相区(富PES连续相/3266相反转结构);ES-L的相结构能够更加有效地缓解应力集中、耗散冲击能量,从而使其表现出最佳的损伤阻抗和损伤容限性能。     

碳纤维/QY9611复合材料湿热性能研究

研究国产碳纤维/QY9611复合材料固定吸湿量下的湿热性能。通过71℃水浸方法测得该型复合材料的饱和吸湿率仅为0.73%左右,选取吸湿率0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和饱和吸湿作为试验的固定吸湿量。每个固定吸湿量分别在室温和高温150℃环境下进行弯曲性能试验和层间剪切性能试验。并在Q800型动态力学热分析仪上进行动态力学性能试验。结果表明:随着复合材料的吸湿量持续增加,复合材料力学性能呈下降趋势;碳纤维/QY9611复合材料在干态150℃下弯曲性能和层间剪切性能保持率在70%以上;碳纤维/QY9611复合材料在湿态150℃下弯曲性能和层间剪切性能保持率在50%以上;吸湿后其玻璃化转变温度Tg下降缓慢,极限使用温度可达132℃。     

乙烯基酯树脂及其炭纤维复合材料的湿热老化行为

结合乙烯基酯树脂(VE)浇注体在65℃和95℃蒸馏水中的湿热老化行为,对其炭纤维复合材料(CF/VE)的吸湿性、静态和动态力学性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,根据VE浇注体的吸湿特性,可将其复合材料的吸湿过程划分为基体吸湿为主和界面吸湿为主的两阶段;VE浇注体与其复合材料的弯曲强度的下降趋势一致,均与吸湿率的增加趋势相对应,但VE浇注体的弯曲模量下降较复合材料明显;VE浇注体及其复合材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的变化均随时间的延长而降低,并随吸湿达饱和而保持在一定值,但两者内耗峰的变化趋势刚好相反。     

盐雾环境中玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料腐蚀深度对弯曲性能的影响

采用中性盐雾加速老化试验模拟海洋大气环境, 对玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料在盐雾环境中的弯曲性能进行了研究。通过玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料经盐雾加速老化后的吸湿率、玻璃化转变温度、巴氏硬度和弯曲性能的变化, 结合金相显微镜观测得到的腐蚀深度, 研究腐蚀深度对玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料耐久性的影响。结果表明:老化初期玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的吸湿率随时间增长较快, 随后增长逐渐趋于稳定。玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的玻璃化转变温度呈现先增加后下降的趋势, 老化180 d后玻璃化转变温度增加了2.1%;老化180 d后玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的巴氏硬度与老化前相比降低了17.6%, 弯曲强度损失率为10%。基于金相显微镜分析得到老化后玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯复合材料的腐蚀深度, 建立了腐蚀深度与弯曲强度之间的关系。      

T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和化学介质中的老化行为

研究T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和15#液压油、4010#合成航空润滑油、RP-3航空煤油和AHC-1水基型清洗剂4种飞机上常用的化学介质中的老化行为、实验不同时间后的吸湿量及力学性能。采用红外光谱(IR)和动态力学(DMA)分析T700/5224复合材料在介质老化过程中的化学变化和玻璃化转变温度Tg。结果表明:在80℃-85%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后吸湿量为1.05%,在80℃-100%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后的吸湿量为1.35%;T700/5224复合材料湿热老化后,剪切性能随老化时间变化不大,弯曲性能下降较大,开孔拉伸性能变化较大,但总体上并没有降低,而开孔压缩性能一直缓慢下降。介质老化对T700/5224复合材料的力学性能影响不大,AHC-1水基型清洗剂对其影响大于其他3种介质,T700/5224复合材料在AHC-1水基型清洗剂中浸泡45天后其玻璃转变温度Tg下降10℃。     

Experimental and numerical analysis on Mode-I delamination of CFRP laminates toughened by polyamide non-woven fabric layer

The objective of this research is to put forward a toughening method by using the polyamide non-woven fabric (PNF) and investigate the Mode-I fracture toughness and delamination characteristic of the toughened CFRP laminates by performing the double cantilever beam test. The effect of PNF interlayer, which is formulated by a bilinear cohesive zone model, on the Mode-I fracture of U3160-PNF/3266 laminated composites is numerically analyzed. And the intralaminar damages are considered by using strength criteria and stiffness degradation law. The influences of PNF/3266 interlayer strength, U3160/3266 laminate thickness and initial crack length on the mechanical response of laminates are studied systematically. The work by combining the experiment and simulation is helpful for the optimal design of laminated composites used in aerospace and civil engineering.     

Stress relaxation of a polycarbonate blend after hygrothermal aging

This work has studied the competing effects of physical aging and moisture absorption on the relaxation behaviour of a polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) polymer blend after being subjected to both thermal and hygrothermal aging. Physical aging was simulated by thermal aging the blend at temperatures up to 80 ^°C which is below the glass transition temperatures of ABS and PC in the blend, respectively. Nine different combinations of relative humidity and temperature were investigated for hygrothermal aging. In both cases, two sets of aging times were applied: “short” term (≤16 hour aging) and “long” term (@168 hour aging). The short term tests were used to generate momentary master curves by applying time/aging-time and time/moisture superposition principles. Using the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) expression, the model parameters determined from curve fitting master curves were used to predict longer term stress relaxation behaviour. The predictions, verified against experimental results, showed reasonable agreement for all hygothermal exposure conditions except for full immersion. Moreover, comparisons of KWW parameters for both short and long term tests suggested that physical aging processes dominate absorbed moisture effects in terms of influencing viscoelastic behaviour, especially when the aging temperature approaches 80 ^°C.     

Investigations on the fabrication and the characterization of glass/epoxy,carbon/epoxy and hybrid composites used in the reinforcement and the repair of aeronautic structures

This paper reports the fabrication and the characterization of glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and hybrid laminated composites used in the reinforcement and/or the repair of aeronautic structures. These composites were manufactured by the hand lay-up process. Their physical, thermal and mechanical behaviors are discussed in terms of moisture absorption, thermal stability, tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and abrasive wear resistance. The impact of hygrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of each composite group has been also investigated.The main results indicated that after water immersion, all composites showed significant moisture absorption especially for glass/epoxy composite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the hybrid composite presented the best thermal stability behavior while the glass/epoxy composite the bad behavior. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, in the bulk material, were considerably higher than those of the glass/epoxy; the hybrid structure presented intermediate mechanical properties. The same trend was also observed in terms of wear properties. Finally, a deleterious effect on the strength of all composites due to hygrothermal exposure was established. However, carbon/epoxy composites seem to be less susceptible to aging damage after 90 days at 90 °C.     

湿热环境下碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料长期力学性能

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)因其耐腐蚀、轻质高强等特点被广泛应用于海洋环境,进而长期遭受湿热环境的考验。为了解湿热环境和极端温度对碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料的影响,测试了湿热老化前后和不同温度下CFRP的压缩性能、面内剪切性能和层间剪切强度变化。FTIR和SEM结果表明：纯树脂试样在湿热环境中发生了水解,使试样表面的微裂纹和孔隙不断扩展并向试样内部渗透;碳纤维的埋入抑制了水的扩散和水解,因而CFRP的吸湿曲线与Fickian模型高度吻合;纯树脂由于水解反应影响了吸湿通道使吸湿曲线偏离Fickian模型。力学性能表明：湿热老化90天后压缩强度和层间剪切强度分别降低7.6%、12.3%;试样在高温(70℃)下的压缩强度、面内剪切强度、层间剪切强度分别急剧降低36.2%、26.9%、37.4%,且高温对试样力学性能的影响具有部分可逆性。