单自由度包装件位移响应的首次穿越损坏问题分析

目的研究单自由度线性和非线性包装件位移响应首次穿越损坏的概率问题。方法对于单自由度线性包装件,通过理论分析的方法将位移首次穿越问题转化为标准正态变量空间中的几何分析问题,建立确定设计点的分析方法,应用一次可靠度方法分析首次穿越损坏概率。分析系统设计点激励与镜像激励之间的关系,通过最优化方法分析应用镜像激励确定单自由度非线性包装件设计点的方法。结果单自由度线性和非线性包装件的设计点激励均等于系统初始位移为阈值时的镜像激励。结论在系统稳态响应阶段,可应用镜像激励准确分析出系统的设计点,并由此分析出包装件的位移首次穿越损坏概率。     

考虑发动机基础激励的涡轮增压器转子动力学研究

考虑发动机的基础激励和非线性油膜力,建立了涡轮增压器转子-轴承系统的动力学模型,研究了涡轮增压器转子在偏心质量作用下的非线性动力学行为.用数值计算方法对系统的动态响应进行了仿真计算,研究了转子随转速变化的分叉规律以及基础激励对转子非线性动力学行为的影响.结果表明,基础激励会通过非线性油膜力显著地影响转子的动力学行为,且基础激励会降低转子开始发生油膜涡动的转速,但基础激励对转子动力学的影响主要体现在转子转速较低的阶段.     

基础激励下含间隙折叠舵面非线性系统辨识

间隙在飞行器折叠舵面中普遍存在且不易准确描述,通过辨识方法获得间隙的真实非线性特性具有重要意义。基于直接参数估计方法建立基础激励下含间隙非线性系统辨识模型,利用相对速度和相对位移的多项式表征非线性系统的恢复力;引入显著因子剔除多项式中影响度较低的基函数,采用最小二乘求解得出恢复力多项式中各项系数,由不同自由度之间的相对关系组装出整个系统的辨识模型;通过比较基于辨识模型的系统响应和实测系统响应之间的均方误差来评价辨识精度。基础激励下含间隙三自由度结构系统数值算例的辨识结果表明:含间隙非线性系统的恢复力可通过增加刚度立方项进行准确逼近;选取折叠舵面上两处测点分别在无间隙和有间隙的工况下进行辨识,辨识所得运动方程均能较好地描述两测点的动力学特性,对含间隙折叠舵面非线性系统的离散化建模与动力学分析具有重要工程意义。     

含间隙非线性的惯容橡胶复合隔振系统可靠性分析

大多数惯容系统的研究未考虑间隙非线性的影响,有研究表明,大间隙的产生对系统响应的影响不可忽略。该文建立了含间隙非线性的惯容-橡胶复合隔振系统的随机微分方程,基于随机非线性分析方法,推导了系统响应的统计矩,计算了系统响应的概率密度函数,利用首超可靠性分析理论求得了系统的失效概率,并分析了间隙对系统响应的统计特性及可靠性的影响。同时,也考虑了非平稳激励下间隙非线性对系统响应及可靠性的影响。结果表明,间隙值变大时,系统响应的统计矩变大,概率密度函数曲线快速发散,系统的失效概率迅速增加,这与确定性分析得到的结果不同,在设计隔振器时应当考虑间隙对系统动力可靠性的影响。     

未知激励下的无迹卡尔曼滤波新方法

无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）是一种识别非线性系统的有效方法,然而传统的UKF方法需要观测外部激励,这限制了UKF的应用范围。迄今为止,国内外对未知激励情况下的UKF方法的研究还非常少。该文在传统UKF的基础上,推导出在未知激励情况下的无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF-UI）方法的递推公式,通过对观测误差的最小化,利用非线性方程求解,识别未知外部激励,进而识别非线性结构系统状态与结构未知参数。进一步采用融合部分观测的加速度响应及位移响应,消除识别结果的漂移问题。分别通过白噪声和未知地震作用下识别非线性迟滞模型的两个数值算例,考虑观测噪声对非线性系统进行识别,从而验证提出新方法的有效性。结果表明,该文所提出的UKF-UI方法,能够在部分观测结构系统响应的情况下,有效地识别非线性结构参数和未知激励。     

MEMS微悬臂梁激励耦合非线性动力特性分析

在微电子机械系统(MEMS)中,存在着固有非线性、多能域耦合产生的非线性和一些尚未引起注意的机械非线性.静电驱动作为一种有效的表面作用力,在MEMS中得到广泛应用,如静电驱动微电机、静电驱动谐振器、静电驱动加速度计等,但静电力本身存在着较强的非线性特性.针对MEMS静电微悬臂梁结构,建立系统的变电容式非线性动力学模型;采用谐波平衡法分析在参数激励和强迫激励耦合作用下系统的幅频响应特性,研究对于不同参数激励与强迫激励作用、不同加载电压及平行极板间间隙变化时系统的非线性动力特性,讨论非线性弹簧刚度和压膜阻尼引起的非线性对系统的影响,运用数值分析及相平面图和Poincare图描述模型的非线性动力学行为.     

结构动力可靠度计算的修正条件反应法

基于反应时程分解的子集模拟法是计算受随机激励作用的结构小失效概率的高效算法,该法将失效域划分为子集序列,通过分解反应时程来生成子集计算所需的样本。条件反应法计算动力可靠度时,通过线性反应来估计非线性反应,或通过单自由度结构的反应来估计多自由度结构的反应。该文将基于反应时程分解的子集模拟法用于条件反应法中,提出修正的条件...     

静电激励微板动力学特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于多物理场动态耦合分析方法建立了考虑微流体压膜阻尼效应的静电激励微板机电耦合系统动力学模型,采用KBM法对微板多物理场耦合动力学响应问题进行了求解。通过静电激励微板动力学实验,采集到了简谐激励下系统响应共振频率、波形图及幅值谱图,图像显示出微板机电耦合系统具有明显的非线性动力学特征。与实验结果对比表明:这种基于多物理场动态耦合分析方法所求得的动力学响应解具有足够的精度。该方法有助于研究静电激励微板的动力学特性并可应用于MEMS动力学设计。     

随机激励下振动系统非线性特性定性方法研究

结合FPK方程和非线性等效原理,对随机激励下的分别含有非线性阻尼、非线性刚度的单自由度系统计算等效阻尼及等效刚度。结果表明:非线性系统的等效线性频响函数图及奈奎斯特图随外激励量级的变化而变化,不同非线性类型的等效频响函数及奈奎斯特图随外激励量级的变化规律不同,从而给出了对根据实测频响函数与奈奎斯特图变化规律定性分析振动系统非线性特性和软硬特性的方法,为真实非线性动力学系统建模提供了理论依据。最后应用此方法对铝蜂窝夹层板的随机试验数据进行定性分析,得到结果可用于指导建模。     

基于虚拟激励法的框架-摇摆刚架结构体系的动力可靠度研究

针对框架结构的受力特点,采用增设摇摆刚架的抗震设计方法。以某6层框架结构作为研究对象,建立结构体系的计算模型,并将状态空间与虚拟激励法相结合,求解结构的平稳随机响应;以所得随机响应计算框架-摇摆刚架体系的动力可靠度,探讨了多遇地震作用下不同刚度比的摇摆刚架对结构体系动力可靠度的影响。结果表明：通过增设不同刚度比的摇摆钢框架,可以有效降低结构体系各层及整体结构的条件失效概率,为工程设计和研究提供一些参考。     

Design-point excitation for non-linear random vibrations

It has been shown in recent years that certain non-linear random vibration problems can be solved by well established methods of time-invariant structural reliability, such as FORM and importance sampling. A key step in this approach is finding the design-point excitation, which is that realization of the input process that is most likely to give rise to the event of interest. It is shown in this paper that for a non-linear, elastic single-degree-of-freedom oscillator subjected to white noise, the design-point excitation is identical to the excitation that generates the mirror image of the free-vibration response when the oscillator is released from a target threshold. This allows determining the design-point excitation with a single non-linear dynamic analysis. With a slight modification, this idea is extended to non-white and non-stationary excitations and to hysteretic oscillators. In these cases, an approximate solution of the design-point excitation is obtained, which, if necessary, can be used as a ‘warm’ starting point to find the exact design point using an iterative optimization algorithm. The paper also offers a simple method for computing the mean out-crossing rate of a response process. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the application and accuracy of the proposed methods. The methods proposed in this paper enhance the feasibility of approximately solving non-linear random vibration problems by use of time-invariant structural reliability techniques.     

非线性结构动力学系统的首次穿越

在结构动力学系统的可靠性分析中,动力学系统的首次穿越失效一直是研究重点问题之一。在     

有界噪声激励下非线性系统吸引子的关联维数估计

随机环境下非线性系统的动力学分析是一个复杂而又困难的问题,此时系统响应的随机特性可来自测试误差、系统自身的非线性特点或动力学噪声等因素。讨论了有界噪声对两种不同参数的Holmes型杜芬振子的动力学行为的影响。通过Monte-Carlo和相空间重构方法,给出了此两种模型在受周期激励、有界噪声激励作用下的样本时间序列以及样本响应的关联维数结果。分析表明,外加有界噪声的作用可使系统响应的关联维数增大。     

坦克火炮模态激振试验应用研究

本文论述稳态正弦扫描激振试验方法及其在确定坦克火炮动力特性上的应用。通过实例表明,采用稳态激振方法测量传递函数,求取坦克火炮的模态参数,测量数据准确,重复性好,对研究坦克火炮行进间射击精度具有一定指导意义。     

An efficient simulation method for reliability analysis of linear dynamical systems using simple additive rules of probability

This paper presents a simulation technique for reliability analysis of linear dynamical systems. It is based on simple additive rules of probability (in contrast to other probabilistic approaches such as importance sampling). It is shown that the proposed appoach is identical to a newly developed approach, Importance Sampling using Elementary Events (ISEE) [Au SK, Beck JL. First excursion probabilities for linear sytems by very efficient importance sampling. Probabl Eng Mech 2001;16(3):193–208]. A simple formula for the coefficient of variation of the estimator of the failure probability using the samples is also given. A 10-story building model with nonstationary excitation is utilized to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Importance sampling for reliability assessment of dynamic systems under general random process excitation

This paper develops a reliability assessment method for dynamic systems subjected to a general random process excitation. Safety assessment using direct Monte Carlo simulation is computationally expensive, particularly when estimating low probabilities of failure. The Girsanov transformation-based reliability assessment method is a computationally efficient approach intended for dynamic systems driven by Gaussian white noise, and this approach can be extended to random process inputs that can be represented as transformations of Gaussian white noise. In practice, dynamic systems may be subjected to inputs that may be better modeled as non-Gaussian and/or non-stationary random processes, which are not easily transformable to Gaussian white noise. We propose a computationally efficient scheme, based on importance sampling, which can be implemented directly on a general class of random processes — both Gaussian and non-Gaussian, and stationary and non-stationary. We demonstrate that this approach is in fact equivalent to Girsanov transformation when the uncertain inputs are Gaussian white noise processes. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a linear dynamic system driven by Gaussian white noise and Brownian bridge processes, a multi-physics aero-thermo-elastic model of a flexible panel subjected to hypersonic flow, and a nonlinear building frame subjected to non-stationary non-Gaussian random process excitation.     

用附加质量与刚度修改结构简谐激励响应

对修改结构局部刚度和质量参数,从而使其局部简谐激励响应分量满足给定设计要求的动力修改问题提出了一种求解方法,导出了质量与刚度参数修改结果的通解形式。本文方法仅需利用与结构修改自由度相关联的动柔度参数,计算过程简便。文中算例说明了方法的有效性。     

基于Kriging改进响应面法的桥梁地震动力可靠度研究

鉴于桥梁结构对地震响应的非线性和复杂性等问题,提出了基于Kriging改进响应面法的桥梁结构地震动力可靠度分析方法。首先利用Kriging模型的优越模拟性能,将其作为响应面函数,并采取自适应策略加以改进,而后采取线性过滤器脉冲响应法对地震随机激励荷载进行了离散,并基于首次超越问题的定义建立了动力可靠度极限状态方程,最后对桥梁结构的地震可靠度问题进行了分析。计算分析结果表明:提出的基于Kriging模型的改进响应面法能有效完成桥梁地震动力可靠度的计算分析(包括结构参数随机性对桥梁动力可靠度的影响),且结果具有较高的准确性和高效性。     

Mean points of failure and safety domains: Estimation and application

A conceptual representation of the mean points of failure and safety domains in reliability problems is presented, and a practical approach for approximating the mean points based on the first-order reliability method (FORM) is proposed. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with two nonlinear examples. The mean points of failure and safety domains and the approach for approximating them are then used to develop an innovative method for estimating transition probabilities between failure and safety domains in discrete time-variant reliability problems. The performance of the new method is demonstrated in example problems. It is shown that, from a practical viewpoint, the method is quite effective. Although the example problems are stationary univariate systems, the method shows promise for being applicable for more complex cases, such as non-stationary multivariate systems.     

Reliability analysis of large structural systems

Brute force Monte Carlo simulation methods can, in principle, be used to calculate accurately the reliability of complicated structural systems, but the computational burden may be prohibitive. A new Monte Carlo based method for estimating system reliability that aims at reducing the computational cost is therefore proposed. It exploits the regularity of tail probabilities to set up an approximation procedure for the prediction of the far tail failure probabilities based on the estimates of the failure probabilities obtained by Monte Carlo simulation at more moderate levels. In this paper, the usefulness and accuracy of the estimation method is illustrated by application to a particular example of a structure with several thousand potentially critical limit state functions. The effect of varying the correlation of the load components is also investigated.