A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers

A rotary ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducers is proposed. In each transducer, two orthogonal bending vibrations are superimposed and an elliptical trajectory is generated at the driving foot. Typical output of the prototype is a no-load speed of 58 rpm and maximum torque of 9·5 Nm under an exciting voltage of 200 V(rms).     

A travelling wave rotary motor driven by three pairs of Langevin transducers

In this work, numerical simulations and experimental measurements carried out on a high-power ultrasonic motor are presented. The proposed motor is composed of an annular shaped stator and two cone-shaped rotors. The rotors are pressed into contact with the edges of the inner surface of the stator by means of a pre-stress system. A traveling rotating wave is generated in the stator by three pairs of Langevin transducers suitably shifted both in space and time. Each transducer is designed to excite radial nonaxisymmetric modes in the ring. The motor has been effectively clamped to the housing by using two flanges passing through the middle plane of 2 transducers. Finite element analysis was employed to evaluate two different configurations of the motor, both using 6 driving transducers, and to analyze the effect of the flange on the design and on the performance of the transducer. Experimental measurements carried out on a manufactured prototype show that the proposed motor exhibits greatly improved performance in terms of output torque and mechanical power compared with similar previous prototypes which use fewer driving transducers and a different clamping system. The motor weighed 0.67 kg, and had a working frequency of 23.6 kHz, maximum rotational speed of 116 rpm, and static torque of 0.94 Nm.     

弯振复合型超声驱动器振动特性研究

为了避免模态复合型超声驱动器中普遍存在的频率简并问题,作者在前期研究中提出了一种新型的弯振复合型超声驱动器。该驱动器采用压电金属复合梁两个正交弯振模态的复合在两个驱动足处激励出椭圆轨迹振动。本文对该驱动器的振动特性进行深入研究,旨在获得驱动区域质点的真实运动轨迹。首先,建立了矩形截面梁在弯振复合模态下末端区域质点振动轨迹的数学模型;然后,借助有限元瞬态分析,对驱动足振动轨迹进行仿真,实现对所建立振动轨迹数学模型的验证。振动轨迹方程和仿真结果均表明：两个驱动足表面质点振动轨迹均为三维的椭圆,垂直于驱动器轴线的平面内的椭圆振动更适合用于致动输出。最后,分析了该驱动器存在的不足之处,提出了一种改进方案,采用对称设置压电陶瓷片实现两个驱动足振动特性的一致;通过瞬态分析在两个驱动足处得到了一致的振动轨迹,改进的样机实现了输出特性的显著提高。     

Bidirectional linear ultrasonic motor using longitudinal vibrating transducers

This paper proposes a bidirectional linear ultrasonic motor using longitudinal vibrating transducer. The fundamental principle of this motor has been demonstrated. A prototype linear motor was fabricated and investigated. Maximum speed of 947mm/s and maximum thrust force of 35N have been achieved. The transducer consists of two Langevin transducers that assemble together with their axes in pi/2 angle. The structure and driving circuit are simple, and the prototype motor shows high-speed and large thrust     

Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers oflongitudinal-torsional compound vibrational modes

Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers of longitudinal-torsional compound vibrational modes were studied. The transducers consist of coaxially segmented, longitudinally and tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic rings, a back metal cylinder, and a front exponential solid metal horn. Based on the plane-wave approximation, the equivalent circuits of the longitudinal and torsional vibrations in the sandwiched transducer were obtained and the resonance frequency equations of the transducer in longitudinal and torsional vibrations were derived. By means of choosing the radius decay coefficient of the front exponential horn, the longitudinal and torsional vibrations are made to resonate at the same frequency in the transducer. Sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers of longitudinal-torsional compound modes were designed and fabricated according to the frequency equations. It is demonstrated that the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers are in good agreement with the theoretical results, and the measured resonance frequencies of the transducers in longitudinal and torsional vibration modes are also in good agreement with each other. Theoretical and experimental results show that this kind of transducer can be used in ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic machining, ultrasonic motors, and other ultrasonic applications which need large displacement amplitudes     

Miniature multimode monolithic flextensional transducers

Traditional flextensional transducers classified in seven groups based on their designs have been used extensively in 1-100 kHz range for mine hunting, fish finding, oil explorations, and biomedical applications. In this study, a new family of small, low cost underwater, and biomedical transducers has been developed. After the fabrication of transducers, finite-elements analysis (FEA) was used extensively in order to optimize these miniature versions of high-power, low-frequency flextensional transducer designs to achieve broad bandwidth for both transmitting and receiving, engineered vibration modes, and optimized acoustic directivity patterns. Transducer topologies with various shapes, cross sections, and symmetries can be fabricated through high-volume, low-cost ceramic and metal extrusion processes. Miniaturized transducers posses resonance frequencies in the range of above 1 MHz to below 10 kHz. Symmetry and design of the transducer, polling patterns, driving and receiving electrode geometries, and driving conditions have a strong effect on the vibration modes, resonance frequencies, and radiation patterns. This paper is devoted to small, multimode flextensional transducers with active shells, which combine the advantages of small size and low-cost manufacturing with control of the shape of the acoustic radiation/receive pattern. The performance of the transducers is emphasized.     

Transducer for high speed and large thrust ultrasonic linear motor using two sandwich-type vibrators

A transducer for an ultrasonic motor using two sandwich-type vibrators has been proposed and designed. The vibrators cross at right angles with each other at the tip. The transducer has two vibration modes; one is a symmetrical mode and the other is anti-symmetric. The normal direction motion of the transducer tip is excited by the symmetrical mode. The lateral motion of the tip is excited by the anti-symmetrical mode. The transducer is designed so that these vibration modes are degenerated. To obtain high output force and high power, materials were carefully selected. Heat-treated high strength chromium manganese steel bolts were used for binding the PZT elements. A zirconia ceramics plate was bonded on the transducer tip as frictional material. The no-load maximum speed was 3.5 m/sec. The output force was 39 N at the driving voltage of 500 V(rms) and the preload of 150 N. At this condition the maximum efficiency was 28%, and the velocity was 0.55 m/sec. The maximum output force was 51 N, which was 17 times of the transducer weight. The maximum output power per unit weight was 76 W/kg.     

单振子二自由度球面马达的运动机理

利用矩形板形压电振子的两种振动模态,构建了一种采用单片压电振子驱动球形转子,形成两个旋转自由度的压电球面超声马达,对马达的作用机理进行了仿真分析和试验验证.利用有限元法对马达的矩形板压电振子的振动模态、共振频率进行了分析计算,仿真结果表明矩形板压电振子能够形成振型清晰的B32和B23振动模态,模态频率分别为49.127 kHz和49.756 kHz.对压电振子上每个凸起与球形转子之间的接触点的运动轨迹进行了计算机仿真,并对仿真结果进行了试验验证.分析结果表明各接触点能有效形成时序合理的椭圆运动轨迹,作为支撑足的一组凸起的变形量占作为驱动足的一组凸起的变形量的30%,能够用于驱动球形转子形成二自由度转动.仿真分析和试验结果证明了二自由度球面马达球形转子形成二维运动的作用机理.     

纵振换能器式圆筒型超声电机振动特性的研究

以纵振夹心换能器式圆筒型超声电机为研究对象,对换能器的振动状态进行了分析,给出了换能器弯曲振动的产生原因;研究了耦生弯振对电机机电耦合系数以及圆筒中弯振行波质量所带来的影响,耦生弯振的存在使得定子模态特征频率偏离换能器谐振频率,并使得定子圆筒中的弯振行波产生了畸变。最后,提出一种采用换能器弯振激励圆筒径向弯振的模态组合方式。     

基于拓扑优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

将结构拓扑优化引入压电分流振动抑制中,以压电元件的分布面积为设计变量,压电元件产生的电荷最大化为优化目标,对压电元件的拓扑进行了优化以获得最佳抑振效果。针对悬臂梁结构,得到了对不同的结构模态进行抑制时的压电元件最优拓扑构型。建立了带有压电分流阻尼系统的悬臂梁振动控制实验模型,将压电元件拓扑优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于悬臂梁多阶弯曲模态的振动响应抑制实验,并对比分析了带最优拓扑和非优拓扑压电元件的悬臂梁压电分流阻尼抑振效果。结果表明,对压电元件进行拓扑优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

H-结构薄板纵弯复合模态驱动的压电直线电机

为高性能压电直线电机设计奠定基础,推出基于H型振子的直线电机并利用该振子两纵向杆面内一阶纵振与二阶弯振驱动电机。研究电机的驱动机理并从理论上阐释振子纵杆驱动端质点的椭圆运动形成过程;建立振子有限元模型并对其工作模态、灵敏度、谐响应进行分析;优化振子结构尺寸,完成电机装配结构设计并制作出振子、电机实物;对振子进行模态试验,结果显示该振子不仅具有预设的工作模态,且在正常激励条件下,驱动端纵、弯振幅值分别可达1.2 μm,1.4 μm。研究表明,该电机有望产生较大速度与动力。     

An ultrasonic linear motor using ridge-mode traveling waves

A new type of ultrasonic linear motor is presented using traveling waves excited along a ridge atop a substrate. The ridge cross section was designed to permit only the fundamental mode to be excited during operation of the motor, with a Langevin transducer used as the source of vibration in this study. The ridge waveguide was first made of lossy media to avoid reflecting vibration energy back toward the vibration source, forming a traveling wave. A 5-mm-wide, 15-mm-tall rectangular acrylic ridge was used to move a slider placed upon it toward the vibration source, in opposition to the direction of the traveling wave transmitted along the waveguide ridge. Using a low-loss 3 x 6-mm aluminum rectangular ridge combined with a damper clamped onto the far end of the waveguide, similar results were obtained. To obtain bidirectional operation, the damper was replaced with a second Langevin transducer, giving a pair of transducers located perpendicularly to the ends of the ridge and driven with an appropriate phase difference. The moving direction of the slider was reversed by shifting this phase difference by about 180 degrees. With this simple configuration, it may soon be possible to fabricate a linear micromotor system on a silicon substrate or other semiconductor wafer adjacent to other electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

超声波振动器四端网络设计

从机械四端网络的分析出发,建立了超声振动器振动系统及换能器、变幅杆、振动棒的机械四端网络数学模型,分析了其频率方程和两端振速比。     

地裂缝场地地铁运行引起框架结构振动的数值分析

针对西安地裂缝场地地铁运行引起地面建筑物的振动问题,建立隧道-地裂缝-地层-框架结构三维有限元模型,进行建筑物的模态分析和振动响应分析,并与同荷载工况的无地裂缝场地框架结构的振动响应进行对比。结果表明:结构的竖向振动比水平向强烈;地裂缝对结构横向和竖向振动加速度的分布影响不大,前者随层高呈波动性分布,后者除首层之外,其余各层差异不大;地裂缝对纵向振动加速度的分布规律影响较大,无地裂缝时呈逐层增加的分布,有地裂缝时呈两端大中间小的分布;地裂缝使结构竖向振动加速度有增大趋势,横向和纵向加速度会在局部楼层增大。     

Radiation impedance and equivalent circuit for piezoelectric ultrasonic composite transducers of vibrational mode-conversion

The piezoelectric ultrasonic composite transducer, which can be used in either gas or liquid media, is studied in this paper. The composite transducer is composed of a longitudinal sandwich piezoelectric transducer, a mechanical transformer, and a metal circular plate in flexural vibration. Acoustic radiation is produced by the flexural circular plate, which is excited by the longitudinal sandwich transducer and transformer. Based on the classic flexural theory of plates, the equivalent lumped parameters for a plate in axially symmetric flexural vibration with free boundary conditions are obtained. The radiation impedance of the plate is derived and the relationship between the radiation impedance and the frequency is analyzed. The equivalent circuits for the plate in flexural vibration and the composite transducer are given. The vibrational modes and the harmonic response of the composite piezoelectric transducer are simulated by the numerical method. Based on the theoretical and numerical analysis, two composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are designed and manufactured, their admittance-frequency curves are measured, and the resonance frequency is obtained. The flexural vibrational displacement distribution of the transducer is measured with a laser scanning vibrometer. It is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured resonance frequency and the displacement distribution.     

径向基神经网络用于钢-混Π型梁原始断面涡振性能的预测

钢-混Π型梁主梁断面在大跨斜拉桥的主梁设计中被广泛采用,此类断面易出现涡激振动现象,引起桥梁结构安全问题且降低行车舒适性。首先利用既有风洞试验结果校核涡激振动响应的CFD计算模型,并利用校核后的CFD方法得到学习样本数据库。利用学习样本对径向基(RBF)神经网络进行训练,并优化神经网络的设置参数,以此建立钢-混Π型裸梁的开口率和宽高比2个形状参数与涡激振动响应的关系,探索Π型桥梁断面的涡振规律。研究表明,Π型梁涡振响应与2个形状参数均呈非线性关系;2个形状参数对涡振响应的的影响可进一步指导气动措施的选择及优化。     

Acoustical evaluation of a prototype sector-vortex phased-array applicator

A prototype sector-vortex phased-array applicator for ultrasound hyperthermia was constructed and acoustically evaluated. The array transducer consists of special lead-titanate ceramic elements of 16 sectors and two tracks attached on a element is driven by a complementary pair of power MOSFETs at 750 kHz. An annular focal field approximated by the Mth order Bessel function is theoretically predicted to be formed when the array elements are driven with a phase distribution that rotates M (相似文献   

Piezoelectric ceramic rectangular transducers in flexural vibration

Based on the equivalent elastic method and coupled vibration theory, an analytic method is presented to study the flexural vibration of rectangular transducers consisting of piezoelectric ceramic thin plates. By introducing a mechanical coupling coefficient, the flexural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin plate is reduced to two simple, one-dimensional flexural vibrations of narrow piezoelectric ceramic strips. The resonance frequency equations for the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducers in flexural vibration are derived under the free and simply supported boundary conditions analytically. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the flexural vibrational order, the geometrical shape, and the dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducer is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the one-dimensional vibrational theory for the flexural vibration of a narrow piezoelectric ceramic strip and the stripe-mode flexural vibrational theory for the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin plate can be derived directly from the theory obtained in this paper. Experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducers in flexural vibration under free-boundary conditions are in good agreement with the calculated results. The method presented in this paper can be used in the resonance frequency analysis of vibrating systems in coupled vibration.     

船用高速发电机基波磁场下机座电磁振动

以船用高速同步发电机为对象进行电磁振动特性分析。用有限元法计算空载下电机基波气隙磁场引起的径向电磁力波在机座机脚处垂向振动加速度。通过对不同机座安装方式、材料刚度及结构阻尼的振动仿真对比,分析影响振动加速度主因及有限元模型简化处理对计算结果影响。用三维谐波场及瞬态场有限元法计算机脚振动加速度,用电动机运行法测试发电机空载下机座机脚振动加速度。结果表明,仿真与试验结果基本一致,机座及机脚振动受机座安装方式影响较大,定子振幅受材料弹性模量响应较大,在弹性安装/自由状态下机座形变分布主要受结构阻尼影响。该结果可为船用高速电机减振降噪设计、研究提供依据及参考。     

Multifrequency ultrasound transducers for conformal interstitial thermal therapy

Control over the pattern of thermal damage generated by interstitial ultrasound heating applicators can be enhanced by changing the ultrasound frequency during heating. The ability to change transmission frequency from a single transducer through the use of high impedance front layers was investigated in this study. The transmission spectrum of multifrequency transducers was calculated using the KLM equivalent circuit model and verified with experimental measurements on prototype transducers. The addition of a quarter-wavelength thick PZT (unpoled) front layer enabled the transmission of ultrasound at two discrete frequencies, 4.7 and 9.7 MHz, from a transducer with an original resonant frequency of 8.4 MHz. Three frequency transmission at 3.3, 8.4, and 10.8 MHz was possible for a transducer with a half-wavelength thick front layer. Calculations of the predicted thermal lesion size at each transmission frequency indicated that the depth of thermal lesion could be varied by a factor of 1.6 for the quarter-wavelength front layer. Heating experiments performed in excised liver tissue with a dual-frequency applicator confirmed this ability to control the shape of thermal lesions during heating to generate a desired geometry. Practical interstitial Designs that enable the generation of shaped thermal lesions are feasible.